Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease最新文献

{"title":"A case of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis and psoas abscess caused by Haemophilus influenzae: Diagnostic value of 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis in a culture-negative case","authors":"Haruka Ishiki ,&nbsp;Yusuke Oshiro ,&nbsp;Takashi Shinzato ,&nbsp;Kenya Toma ,&nbsp;Kiyofumi Ohkusu","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> is a rare cause of pyogenic osteomyelitis, with only eleven reported adult cases. We present a case of <em>H. influenzae</em> vertebral osteomyelitis and psoas abscess in a 48-year-old woman who had received prior antibiotic therapy before the event. She subsequently developed worsening lower back pain, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed L4/L5 osteomyelitis with psoas abscess. Despite empiric cefazolin therapy, her condition deteriorated. All microbiological cultures remained negative, including blood and aspirated pus from the lesion. Broad-range 16S ribosomal RNA gene polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis identified β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-susceptible <em>H. influenzae</em> as the causative pathogen. After switching to cefotaxime, the patient improved and completed treatment with oral levofloxacin without recurrence. This case demonstrates the value of molecular techniques in diagnosing culture-negative infections, particularly in antibiotic-pretreated patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"112 3","pages":"Article 116824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated urine culture system with reduced turnaround time: A prospective real-world evaluation","authors":"Lorena Porte ,&nbsp;María Jesús Alfaro ,&nbsp;Carmen Varela ,&nbsp;Jorge Reyes ,&nbsp;Thomas Weitzel","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial illnesses in clinical practice. Urine culture is the diagnostic reference standard for these infections, representing a major proportion of the workload of microbiological laboratories. Conventional urine cultures require 18-24 h of incubation and are negative in about 80.0 %. Uroquattro-HB&amp;L® [Alifax] is an automated urine culture system providing results in 5 h.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the diagnostic performance of this rapid system compared to conventional culture and test its applicability for rapid identification and susceptibility testing in a real-world setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 1,062 routine urine samples were included and tested in parallel by Uroquattro-HB&amp;L rapid culture and by conventional culture. Uroquattro-HB&amp;L performance was analyzed in comparison to conventional culture and a composite reference standard. Microorganisms from rapid culture were identified by MALDI-TOF technique. In a subset of 58 Uroquattro-HB&amp;L-positive samples, a rapid susceptibility testing protocol was applied using the VITEK 2 XL system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to conventional culture, Uroquattro-HB&amp;L showed a sensitivity of 87.3 %, specificity of 91.1 %, accuracy of 90.5 %, and positive and negative predictive values of 64.9 % and 97.4 %, respectively. Using the composite reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity were 91.3 % and 100 %, respectively. Agreement between the identification results was 92.3 %. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed &gt;90.0 % concordance with conventional AST.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Uroquattro-HB&amp;L accurately identified culture-negative urine samples and permitted the identification of positive samples within 4-5 h. The system was also used to obtain rapid susceptibility testing results; however, this application requires further evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"112 3","pages":"Article 116826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover 2 - Aims/Scopes, Ed Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0732-8893(25)00135-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0732-8893(25)00135-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"112 2","pages":"Article 116812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and cost implications of Biofire FilmArray® meningitis / encephalitis panel testing: a systematic review","authors":"Nastaran Rafiei ,&nbsp;Shradha Subedi ,&nbsp;Patrick NA Harris ,&nbsp;David L Paterson","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Meningitis and encephalitis are diseases with high case fatality rates and serious long-term sequalae. A significant percentage do not receive an aetiological diagnosis, in part due to limitations of conventional testing methods. The Biofire FilmArray® Meningitis / Encephalitis Panel (MEP) is the first commercially approved multiplex PCR panel for diagnosis of infectious meningoencephalitis. It provides rapid results and has the potential to reduce empiric antimicrobial use and length of hospitalisation when compared to conventional testing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the impact of MEP implementation by searching the Medline and Embase databases. The outcomes of interest were duration of acyclovir treatment, duration of antimicrobials, length of stay and healthcare cost.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 23 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, the majority of which were retrospective studies comparing cohorts before and after MEP implementation. The included studies were very heterogenous, with variation in MEP implementation strategies, standard of care diagnostics and study populations. MEP testing resulted in reduction in acyclovir use in 75 % of studies with an average reduction of 39 h (range 11-144 h). Antimicrobial use and length of stay was reduced in 44 % and 40 % of studies respectively. Five studies looked at healthcare costs, variably described between studies as hospitalisation, antimicrobial and microbiology costs. Total hospitalisation cost was reduced in 1 study and unchanged in 2 studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Whilst MEP implementation reduces acyclovir usage in patients evaluated for ME, the benefits in terms of antibiotic use, and length of stay are variable and likely depend on the study population, implementation strategy and standard of care testing available in each institution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"112 3","pages":"Article 116823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of loop mediated isothermal amplification, quantitative real-time PCR, conventional PCR methods for identifying Ascaris lumbricoides in human stool samples","authors":"Mamta Thakur ,&nbsp;Abhishek Mewara ,&nbsp;PVM Lakshmi ,&nbsp;Sucheta Guleria ,&nbsp;Sumeeta Khurana","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ascariasis, caused by <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em>, is a widespread parasitic infection. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as microscopy, can miss infections with low worm burdens, leading to false negatives. This study compares four diagnostic methods—microscopy, conventional PCR, real-time PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)—for detecting <em>A. lumbricoides</em> in 400 stool samples from children aged 2-16. Microscopy methods (direct wet mount, Kato-Katz, and concentration) detected 17, 23, and 21 positive samples, respectively. Molecular techniques identified 23 positive samples by conventional PCR, 29 by real-time PCR, and 25 by LAMP. Notably, real-time PCR detected two samples missed by microscopy, while conventional PCR failed to detect three samples positive by real-time PCR and LAMP. In limit-of-detection assays, conventional PCR detected <em>A. lumbricoides</em> DNA down to 150 pg, while qPCR and LAMP could detect as low as 15 fg. For egg number analysis, conventional PCR detected DNA from 100 eggs, while qPCR and LAMP identified DNA from just 10 eggs. The methods specifically targeted <em>A. lumbricoides</em>, without cross-reacting with other co-occurring parasites. Sensitivity and specificity analysis revealed that microscopy had sensitivities of 81.3 %, while conventional PCR, qPCR, and LAMP had sensitivities of 81.1 %, 99.2 %, and 88.1 %, respectively. Microscopy and conventional PCR had 100 % specificity, while qPCR and LAMP had 99.2 % and 99.9 % specificity. While Kato-Katz is advantageous for detecting active infections, molecular techniques, particularly LAMP's field applicability in resource-limited settings makes it a promising tool for surveillance and control of low-intensity infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"112 3","pages":"Article 116808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior nasal swabs compared to nasopharyngeal swabs for detection of respiratory viruses in children","authors":"Abigail P. Kietzman ,&nbsp;Nicole Neeley ,&nbsp;Rangaraj Selvarangan ,&nbsp;Dithi Banerjee ,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Goldman ,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Schuster","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory viral testing often uses invasive nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, which can be painful and require trained personnel. Anterior nasal swabs (NS) are less invasive and can be self-collected. The sensitivity of NS compared to NP specimens for detecting multiple respiratory viruses in children are not well described. Hospitalized children in Kansas City, MO, from January 2023 to February 2024, who had NP specimens obtained for standard of care multiplex respiratory viral testing in the previous 72 h, were enrolled. NS specimens were collected and tested alongside salvaged NP specimens for adenovirus, seasonal coronaviruses, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, rhinovirus/enterovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and parainfluenza viruses using multiplex molecular testing. Concordance, sensitivity, and specificity of NS compared to NP specimens were assessed. A total of 147 paired NP/NS specimens were analyzed. Overall, 114 (77.6 %) NP/NS pairs were concordant, including 86 (58.5 %) virus-positive and 28 (19.1 %) virus-negative pairs. NS sensitivity was 84.3 % compared to NP, increasing to 95.7 % when collected within 24 h of NP specimens. Sensitivity for seasonal coronavirus was poor (36.4 %), but was over 75 % for other viruses, and 100 % for adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 within 24 h of NP specimens. Virus cycle threshold counts were similar among paired specimens. NS specimens showed good concordance with NP specimens and high sensitivity for most viruses, except seasonal coronavirus. NS testing may enable respiratory virus monitoring outside medical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"112 3","pages":"Article 116821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Cladophialophora bantiana cerebral infection by clinical metagenomics","authors":"Wanessa Rolando Roselli ,&nbsp;Fernando Franco de Oliveira Miraglia ,&nbsp;Fernanda de Mello Malta ,&nbsp;Gustavo Bruniera Peres Fernandes ,&nbsp;Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas ,&nbsp;Clécio de Oliveira Godeiro Júnior ,&nbsp;Deyvid Emanuel Amgarten ,&nbsp;Fabiane Camargo G Nunes ,&nbsp;Mario Trindade ,&nbsp;João Nóbrega de Almeida Junior ,&nbsp;Marines Dalla Valle Martino ,&nbsp;Rubia Anita Ferraz Santana ,&nbsp;João Renato Rebello Pinho ,&nbsp;André Mario Doi","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div><em>Cladophialophora bantiana</em> is a rare cause of severe central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A 44-year-old woman from Northeastern Brazil with a history of scotomas, mental confusion, and impaired coordination presented Magnetic Resonance Imaging with vasogenic edema and nodular enhancement in the left occipital lobe. Brain biopsy showed neutrophilic exudate with eosinophils, macrophages, giant multinucleated cells, and septate hyphae with a brown-colored birefringent wall and acute angle branching. Metagenomic analysis of the biopsy's total RNA revealed the presence of RNA sequences highly similari to <em>C. bantiana. C</em>ulture confirmed the presence of olivaceous-gray suede-like to floccose colonies, with septate dematiaceous hyphae and long conidia chains from undifferentiated conidiophores, consistent with <em>C. bantiana</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This case highlights the potential of metagenomic testing as a tool for early diagnosis of infections caused by uncommon fungal pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>C. bantiana</em> central nervous system infection in Brazil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"112 3","pages":"Article 116822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An expanding threat; a case of encephalitis caused by West Nile Virus in the Madrid Region (Spain)","authors":"Víctor Antón Berenguer ,&nbsp;Sara Gómez de Frutos ,&nbsp;Clara Peiró Villalba ,&nbsp;Cristina Trevino-Peinado ,&nbsp;Carlota Ballester Martínez ,&nbsp;Antonio Nicolás Ruiz Benito ,&nbsp;María Dolores Martín Rodrigo ,&nbsp;Sara María Quevedo Soriano ,&nbsp;Gema Cenzual Álvarez ,&nbsp;Sara Hernández Egido ,&nbsp;Roberto López-Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>West Nile Virus (WNV) has increasingly impacted public health in Europe. We present a WNV-encephalitis case in a young healthy patient, an atypical population for neuroinvasive forms. Although likely imported, WNV circulation in new areas highlights the need for awareness of WNV beyond classical endemical areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"112 3","pages":"Article 116810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of autochthonous Hepatitis E virus detected from a human acute infection in the Calabria Region, Southern Italy","authors":"Nadia Marascio ,&nbsp;Marta Pantanella ,&nbsp;Grazia Pavia ,&nbsp;Chiara Mazzei ,&nbsp;Sebastiano Di Salvo ,&nbsp;Francesca Trimboli ,&nbsp;Giorgio S. Barreca ,&nbsp;Angelo G. Lamberti ,&nbsp;Massimo De Siena ,&nbsp;Tiziana Gravina ,&nbsp;Giovanni Matera ,&nbsp;Angela Quirino","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we reported the molecular characterization of HEV autochthonous strain from an immunocompetent patient. The HEV was classified as subtype 3c and displayed the V1479I ribavirin resistance mutation. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed two statistically supported clusters, including viral strains from symptomatic patients, without severe disease, and meat products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"112 3","pages":"Article 116807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global impact of hMPV virus: Transmission, pathogenesis, diagnostic and treatment","authors":"Sejal Porwal ,&nbsp;Rishabha Malviya ,&nbsp;Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar ,&nbsp;Javedh Shareef ,&nbsp;Tarun Wadhwa","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), a member of the <em>Pneumovirinae</em> subfamily, is a substantial cause of acute lower respiratory infections, notably in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. It was first identified in 2001, hMPV has displayed a seasonal pattern of infection, with symptoms ranging from moderate to severe respiratory disease. This study investigates the worldwide effect of hMPV, concentrating on its transmission, etiology, diagnostics, and treatment techniques, underlining the need for better public health measures. hMPV is spread by respiratory droplets, with a normal incubation period of 3–5 days. The virus induces an immune response characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to respiratory symptoms and probable tissue damage. Diagnostic breakthroughs, including RT-qPCR and mNGS, have enhanced detection sensitivity. However, therapy is generally supportive, with potential breakthroughs in mRNA vaccines targeting hMPV fusion proteins. Current clinical studies evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these new vaccinations, which might pave the road for effective prevention.</div><div>Despite tremendous gains in understanding hMPV, there remains a crucial need for targeted antiviral treatments and vaccines to minimize its worldwide health impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"112 3","pages":"Article 116809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}