Drug and alcohol review最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the Prevalence and Correlates of Problematic Alcohol Use Among Patients Treated for Illicit Substance Disorder in France, 2012–2022","authors":"Eric Janssen,&nbsp;Mike Vuolo,&nbsp;Sophie Véron,&nbsp;Ivette Flores Laffont","doi":"10.1111/dar.14078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol use among patients in treatment for illicit substance use disorder (SUD) is often overlooked, at best perceived as a secondary issue, despite growing evidence of exacerbated negative health outcomes among polysubstance users.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyse a nationwide dataset on patients entering treatment for cannabis, opioid, and stimulant use disorders in France between 2012 and 2022. We conduct multilevel logistic regressions to determine the main predictors of problematic alcohol use (PAU) among patients who entered treatment for cannabis (<i>n</i> = 308,906), opioid (<i>n</i> = 255,879) or stimulant (<i>n</i> = 60,211) use disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PAU remains a common behaviour among patients with SUD (overall prevalence: 28.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 28.1–28.3), with lower prevalence among patients treated for cannabis (27.3%, 95% CI 27.2–27.5) and opioid disorders (27.2%, 95% CI 27.0–27.4), and higher for patients treated for stimulant disorders (36.8%, 95% CI 36.4–37.2). There is an increase in PAU over time for each of the SUD leading to treatment (23.0% in 2012 vs. 29.5% in 2022; 23.3% vs. 31.4% and 29.7% vs. 38.9% respectively). Males, older people, early onset, current use of tobacco, and psychiatric comorbidities are positively associated with PAU.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing prevalence of problematic alcohol use among patients treated for SUD in France remains a source of concern. Screening for both alcohol and drug use among patients in treatment presents a crucial opportunity to prevent and treat SUDs early, especially among patients treated for stimulants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 5","pages":"1513-1521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-cigarette use among gender and sexuality diverse (LGBTQA+) adolescents in Australia: The case for LGBTQA+ affirmative harm reduction","authors":"Sasha Bailey,&nbsp;Emma L. Barrett,&nbsp;Scarlett Smout,&nbsp;Lucinda Grummitt,&nbsp;Lyra Egan,&nbsp;Lauren Gardner,&nbsp;Emily A. Stockings,&nbsp;Maree Teesson,&nbsp;Yael Perry,&nbsp;Nicola C. Newton","doi":"10.1111/dar.14052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to provide a first-ever comprehensive epidemiology of vaping behaviours among Australian gender and sexuality diverse (LGBTQA+) youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using cross-sectional data from the Health4Life study, (<i>N</i> = 4,445 students, Mage = 15.7yrs), descriptive statistics and hierarchical mixed effects logistic regression models with nested random intercepts were used to calculate prevalence and differences in vaping behaviours by gender (trans [<i>n</i> = 142] vs. cisgender [<i>n</i> = 4,144]) and sexuality (gay or lesbian [<i>n</i> = 77], bisexual [<i>n</i> = 279], questioning [<i>n</i> = 167], queer [<i>n</i> = 90] vs. heterosexual [<i>n</i> = 3,638]), and associations of vaping with use of cigarettes and alcohol (including binge drinking), depression, and anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over one-third of trans and bisexual adolescents had ever tried vaping. Trans adolescents were significantly more likely to report ever vaping, daily vaping, and intention to vape in the future, compared with their cisgender peers, irrespective of age, socio-economic status, and school. Relative to heterosexual peers, gay/lesbian adolescents were nearly three times as likely to report current regular use of vaping and bisexual adolescents were significantly more likely to report ever vaping and intentions to vape in the future. Among LGBTQA+ adolescents, ever using a vape was associated with increased odds of ever using cigarettes, ever binge drinking, ever drinking alcohol alone, probable depressive/anxiety disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vaping is significantly more common among LGBTQA+ adolescents, especially trans and bisexual adolescents, compared with their cisgender, heterosexual peers. Government health and education bodies should partner with LGBTQA+ community organisations to address the unique contexts of vaping among LGBTQA+ young people in an LGBTQA+ affirmative harm reduction manner.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 5","pages":"1384-1393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Use in the Early Postpartum Period: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study to Understand the Role of Self-Efficacy","authors":"Sarah Dauber,&nbsp;Janardan Devkota,&nbsp;Alexa Beacham,&nbsp;Allison West,&nbsp;Minerva Francis,&nbsp;Timothy Regan,&nbsp;Johannes Thrul","doi":"10.1111/dar.14076","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated daily associations between maternal self-efficacy (MSE), drinking self-efficacy (DSE), alcohol urges and alcohol use in the first 6 weeks postpartum, with the goal of informing a tailored just-in-time adaptive intervention for postpartum alcohol use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecological momentary assessment was conducted with 37 postpartum mothers with pre-pregnancy at-risk alcohol use. Participants completed surveys on their smartphones five times a day for 14 days and reported on MSE, DSE, urge to drink and alcohol use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both MSE and DSE demonstrated within-subject variability. MSE and DSE were significantly positively correlated. MSE reported in the morning significantly predicted the likelihood of drinking that day. DSE was not associated with daily drinking. Neither MSE nor DSE were associated with the urge to drink.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both MSE and DSE demonstrated greater within-person change across days than within a single day, and MSE showed more stability than DSE at the within-person level. Lower reported MSE in the morning was associated with a greater likelihood of drinking that day. MSE may be a more important intervention target than DSE in the postpartum population. These findings will directly inform just-in-time adaptive intervention development. Future research will examine momentary associations among these constructs and explore contextual factors influencing MSE and DSE fluctuations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 5","pages":"1480-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Use Disparities Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults: An Intersectional Investigation","authors":"Ryan C. Shorey,&nbsp;D. A. Briley,&nbsp;Jane Hereth,&nbsp;michael munson,&nbsp;Jaclyn S. Fishbach,&nbsp;Joseph R. Cohen","doi":"10.1111/dar.14077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined an intersectional perspective on alcohol use disparities within transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey (<i>N</i> = 27,715), a cross-sectional, nationwide survey of TGNB adults. The number of drinking days and the number of binge-drinking days were primary outcomes. Analyses followed a multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy approach to examine alcohol disparities across gender identities (transgender, nonbinary and crossdresser) and intersections with race/ethnicity, age, sex assigned at birth and dis/ability status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant identity-related differences existed within TGNB communities across all facets of identity. Relative to the sample average, individuals at the intersection of White and crossdressers reported elevated levels of alcohol use. Further, effects were most pronounced across combinations of transgender, nonbinary, White and Black participants to accurately describe alcohol risk in subpopulations relative to examining risk associated with each one of these identities independently.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disparities in alcohol use among TGNB adults are best understood from an intersectional perspective. Affirming public health initiatives for alcohol use should consider identity-related differences across TGNB communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Scientific Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results provide the first evidence that alcohol use disparities exist across gender and intersecting identities in a large sample of TGNB adults. Findings lay the groundwork for future research examining mechanisms responsible for these disparities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 5","pages":"1374-1383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying a Modified Version of the Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale in a Canadian Community Withdrawal Management Setting","authors":"Hannah Crepeault,&nbsp;Nicole Cowan,&nbsp;M. Eugenia Socias,&nbsp;Niloofar Riazi,&nbsp;Alison Knill,&nbsp;Avneet Khela,&nbsp;Evan Wood,&nbsp;Lianping Ti","doi":"10.1111/dar.14075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (SAWS) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale (PAWSS) has been validated in general acute care environments, but its efficacy in withdrawal management settings remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the utility of a modified PAWSS and identify appropriate cutoff scores in a community withdrawal management setting in Vancouver, Canada.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From October 2019 to September 2022, we reviewed charts at Vancouver Detox Centre. Modified PAWSS versions replaced question 9 on the original PAWSS with: (i) breath analysis readings; (ii) alcohol consumption in the previous 24 h; and (iii) clinical assessments. We performed receiver operating characteristic analysis and used Youden's index to determine modified PAWSS' diagnostic accuracy against SAWS presentation, defined by a score of 15 or greater on the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment Alcohol, Revised, seizures or delirium tremens and/or benzodiazepine administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 228 individuals (165 male, 63 female), 175 (75%) met SAWS criteria during admission. For breath analysis readings, an optimal PAWSS cutoff score had 55% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 46%–63%) and 74% specificity (95% CI 54%–87%). For alcohol consumption in the last 24 h, a cutoff score of 7 had 44% sensitivity (95% CI 36%–51%) and 85% specificity (95% CI 70%–93%). For clinical assessment, a cutoff score of 6 had 53% sensitivity (95% CI 45%–61%) and 71% specificity (95% CI 58%–85%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within a community withdrawal setting, the prevalence of SAWS was high, rendering the modified PAWSS less valuable. Although higher cutoff scores improved specificity, poor sensitivity hindered identification of low-risk SAWS individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 5","pages":"1365-1373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicians' Perspectives on Cannabis Use and Cannabis Treatment in Clients Undertaking Opioid Dependence Treatment","authors":"Laila Parvaresh,&nbsp;Llewellyn Mills,&nbsp;Jaleh Gholami,&nbsp;Louisa Jansen,&nbsp;Nazila Jamshidi,&nbsp;Kate Baker,&nbsp;Christopher Tremonti,&nbsp;Marguerite Tracy,&nbsp;Adrian Dunlop,&nbsp;Nicholas Lintzeris","doi":"10.1111/dar.14074","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are no prior studies investigating the perspectives of Opioid Treatment Program (OTP) clinicians on clients' cannabis use. This study examines the perspectives of OTP clinicians on patterns of cannabis use; harms and benefits; current and potential interventions and their confidence in implementing them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinicians from six public OTP services in New South Wales completed the survey. Participants included nurses, doctors, pharmacists, allied health and consumer workers. Single-level regression models were used to estimate participants' sex, role and experience effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 162 participants responded to the survey (estimated response rate 56%). Participants estimated 56.1% (±23.9) of OTP clients had used cannabis in the past month, and 44.9% (±6.5) had cannabis dependence. Clinicians indicated (15.3% ± 17.2%) clients identified problematic cannabis use and (10.7% ± 16.9) sought treatment in the past year. The harms most frequently identified by staff were cannabis dependence (46.5% ± 27.9%), financial issues (37.5% ± 29.2%) and increased tobacco use (33.1% ± 28.2%). The benefits most frequently identified were management of sleep problems (49.7% ± 27.8%), chronic pain symptoms (35.6% ± 24.3%) and improvements in mental health (48.3% ± 25.6%). Sixty-five participants (63.7%) advocated for enhancing efforts to address cannabis use, with none supporting scaling down services. Clinicians prioritised withdrawal services (81%), harm reduction (77.4%), counselling (74%) and medicinal cannabis (59.8%), although the majority had low confidence in delivering most of these interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite awareness about cannabis use patterns and identification of both harms and benefits, clinicians identified low rates of cannabis interventions and low levels of confidence in delivering interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 5","pages":"1339-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the alcohol-free and low-alcohol drinks market in Great Britain from 2011 to 2022: Narrative timelines based on a documentary review of off-trade retail magazines and market intelligence reports.","authors":"Nathan Critchlow, Amber Morgan, Kathryn Angus, Rebecca Howell, Niamh Fitzgerald, Inge Kersbergen, John Holmes","doi":"10.1111/dar.14058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.14058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Issue: </strong>There is a growing alcohol-free and low-alcohol (no/lo) drinks market in Great Britain. Insight about when this emerged and how it has developed is needed to inform and interpret the growing body of research into the use of no/lo drinks. We therefore document the development of the no/lo market in Great Britain between 2011 and 2022 and examine which stakeholders have been involved in development and what actions they have taken.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Narrative timelines created through a documentary review of trade magazines (2011-2022) and market intelligence reports (2015-2022), focusing on product launches, marketing activity, industry changes, retailer actions, governmental actions and third sector activity.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A mainstream no/lo market emerged and established from 2015, with activity thereafter characterised by intensive market entry, expansion, and consolidation among both independent producers and mainstream alcohol brands. While initial development concentrated on beers, innovation has since proliferated across the cider, spirits, wine and ready-to-drink categories. Development appears predominately driven by market forces (e.g., product launches and marketing), with January a focal point of activity. Government has not introduced any legislation around no/lo drinks, although it has consulted on appropriate no/lo descriptors (in 2018) and committed (in 2019) to work with industry to grow the no/lo market.</p><p><strong>Implications and conclusions: </strong>While initial development in the no/lo market concentrated on beers, recent developments across categories, coupled with continued consolidation and expansion among beers, suggest the market may still develop further. Any assessment of the public health impact of no/lo drinks should be subject to longer-term follow-up once the market matures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: The Caring and Financial Burden to Caregivers—A Scoping Review","authors":"Josie Tait,&nbsp;Anita Gibbs,&nbsp;Jessica McCormack,&nbsp;Holly Wilson,&nbsp;Joanna Ting Wai Chu","doi":"10.1111/dar.14071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a lifelong neurodisability caused by exposure to alcohol in utero. It can have a severe impact on the affected child as well as their families, yet the costs associated are unclear. This scoping review sought to identify the costs associated with raising a child with FASD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A database search was conducted in July 2024 on PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline and Web of Science, searching for all empirical research on the “cost” to “caregivers” of raising a child with “FASD”. Articles were excluded if they did not outline the costs of FASD, or the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, or if they did not contain parent/caregiver response. After the removal of duplicates, 421 unique articles were found based on the search criteria. Just three articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two additional publications were identified through citation checking. Thus, five articles were included in this review. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the findings and synthesise the results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Personal costs ranged between USD$198.13-CAD$6215,27 per person per year. These articles identified that parents incurred costs related to medical care, education, social services, productivity losses, externalising behaviours, other direct costs to the family, and psychosocial impacts on families. Differences were considered in relation to the child's age, age at the time of diagnosis, severity of disability, relationship to caregiver, location, and other demographic factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>More research is needed to provide a more accurate estimate of the cost of raising a child with FASD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 5","pages":"1468-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Drug and Alcohol Staff Perspectives on the Barriers and Facilitators to Drug Checking: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Nina Pocuca,&nbsp;Brodie C. Dakin,&nbsp;Cheneal Puljević,&nbsp;Cameron Francis,&nbsp;Daniel Stjepanović,&nbsp;Anthony Barnett,&nbsp;Leanne Hides","doi":"10.1111/dar.14073","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drug checking (i.e., whereby members of the public submit a drug sample for pharmacological analysis of the drug content) is an evidence-based harm reduction tool. Despite this, the uptake of drug checking services by people who use drugs (PWUD) is often limited across different jurisdictions and types of services, highlighting the need for research examining barriers to drug checking uptake from the perspective of key stakeholders. This qualitative pre-implementation study explored the perspectives of staff employed by alcohol and other drug (AOD) organisations on drug checking, including barriers and facilitators to uptake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interviews were conducted with 23 AOD harm reduction and AOD treatment staff (14 female; mean age = 38.8 years, SD = 8.2). Qualitative data were analysed using iterative categorisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five themes were extracted from the data: (i) PWUD infrequently are most likely to access drug checking; (ii) Confidentiality and anonymity concerns are barriers to drug checking; (iii) Ease of use is integral to drug checking uptake; (iv) Safe, non-judgemental environments that include peer workers are critical; and (v) People who sell drugs will likely use drug checking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The following factors were identified as paramount to the uptake of drug checking services among PWUD: (i) confidentiality; (ii) agreements or memoranda of understanding that protect service clients from over-policing and criminalisation; (iii) mobile and fixed-site services that are accessible to PWUD; and (iv) a non-judgemental and safe environment that includes both health professionals and peer workers with lived experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 5","pages":"1330-1338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Sex/Gender Gap in Cannabis Use in Ontario, Canada From 2001 to 2019","authors":"Justin Matheson,&nbsp;Yeshambel Nigatu,&nbsp;Tara Elton-Marshall,&nbsp;Sergio Rueda,&nbsp;Farihah Ali,&nbsp;Hayley A. Hamilton,&nbsp;Jurgen Rehm,&nbsp;Bernard Le Foll,&nbsp;Sameer Imtiaz","doi":"10.1111/dar.14072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although cannabis use has been historically higher in men than women, some research suggests a narrowing of the sex/gender gap in recent decades. We characterised trends in cannabis use patterns by sex/gender and examined trends in the sex/gender ratios of cannabis use patterns in Ontario, Canada.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were drawn from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor Survey, a repeated, population-based, cross-sectional telephone survey of adults in Ontario, Canada (2001–2019). Participants provided self-reports of cannabis use during lifetime and cannabis use during the past 12 months. Male-to-female ratios of both outcomes in each year were calculated. Trends in these outcomes were analysed using join point regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All outcomes increased among males and females between 2001 and 2019: cannabis use in lifetime (average annual percentage change [AAPC; 95% confidence interval]: 2.0 [0.6–3.3] and 2.9 [1.8–4.0], respectively) and cannabis use during past 12 months (3.5 [2.2–4.9] and 4.7 [2.8–6.6], respectively). The male-to-female ratio of cannabis use during lifetime decreased between 2001 and 2019 (AAPC [95% confidence interval]: −0.7, [−1.0 to −0.4]), unlike cannabis use during past 12 months (−0.5 [−1.8–0.7]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest a narrowing of the sex/gender gap in cannabis use. Continued monitoring of the sex/gender gap is important to inform health promotion efforts and guide cannabis policy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 5","pages":"1508-1512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}