Samia L Pratt, Mariana Zarate-Mendez, Lidiia Koludarova, Sonja Jansson, Mikko Airavaara, Irena Hlushchuk, David Coleman, Caleb Heffner, Rita Horvath, Brendan J Battersby, Robert W Burgess
{"title":"Evaluating the feasibility of gene replacement strategies to treat MTRFR deficiency.","authors":"Samia L Pratt, Mariana Zarate-Mendez, Lidiia Koludarova, Sonja Jansson, Mikko Airavaara, Irena Hlushchuk, David Coleman, Caleb Heffner, Rita Horvath, Brendan J Battersby, Robert W Burgess","doi":"10.1242/dmm.052120","DOIUrl":"10.1242/dmm.052120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial translation release factor in rescue (MTRFR) catalyzes a termination step in protein synthesis, facilitating release of the nascent chain from mitoribosomes. Pathogenic variants in MTRFR cause MTRFR deficiency and are loss-of-function variants. Here, we tested gene replacement as a possible therapeutic strategy. A truncating mutation (K155*) was generated in mice; however, homozygotes die embryonically whereas mice heterozygous for this K155* allele are normal. We also generated transgenic strains expressing either wild-type human MTRFR or a partially functional MTRFR. Despite dose-dependent phenotypes from overexpression in vitro, neither transgene caused adverse effects in vivo. In K155* homozygous mice, the wild-type MTRFR transgene completely rescued the phenotype with only one copy present, whereas the mutant transgene rescued less efficiently. Detailed evaluation of mice rescued with the wild-type MTRFR transgene revealed no abnormalities. In human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived knockdown neurons, mitochondrial phenotypes were corrected by AAV9-mediated delivery of MTRFR. Thus, we find no toxicity from truncated gene products or overexpression of MTRFR in vivo, and expression of MTRFR corrects phenotypes in both mouse and hiPSC models.</p>","PeriodicalId":11144,"journal":{"name":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DMM Outstanding Paper Prize 2024 winners: Destynie Medeiros, Karen Ayala Baylon, Hailey Egido-Betancourt, Christopher Chapleau and Wei Li, and Jasmin Scheurer and Birgit Sauer.","authors":"Rachel Hackett","doi":"10.1242/dmm.052481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.052481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disease Models & Mechanisms (DMM) is delighted to announce that the winners of the DMM Outstanding Paper Prize 2024 are Destynie Medeiros, Karen Ayala Baylon, Hailey Egido-Betancourt, Christopher Chapleau and Wei Li for their Research Article (titled 'A small-molecule TrkB ligand improves dendritic spine phenotypes and atypical behaviours in female Rett syndrome mice'), and Jasmin Scheurer and Birgit Sauer for their Resources & Methods article (titled 'Histological and functional characterization of 3D human skin models mimicking the inflammatory skin diseases psoriasis and atopic dermatitis'). The two prizes of £1000 are awarded to the first author(s) of the papers that are judged by the journal's Editors to be the most outstanding contribution to the journal that year.</p>","PeriodicalId":11144,"journal":{"name":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farah Abou Daya, Torrey Mandigo, Lily Ober, Dev Patel, Matthew Maher, Suraj Math, Cynthia Tchio, James A Walker, Richa Saxena, Girish C Melkani
{"title":"Identifying links between cardiovascular disease and insomnia by modeling genes from a pleiotropic locus.","authors":"Farah Abou Daya, Torrey Mandigo, Lily Ober, Dev Patel, Matthew Maher, Suraj Math, Cynthia Tchio, James A Walker, Richa Saxena, Girish C Melkani","doi":"10.1242/dmm.052139","DOIUrl":"10.1242/dmm.052139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insomnia symptoms double the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet shared genetic pathways remain unclear. Genome-wide association studies identified a genetic locus (near ATP5G1, UBE2Z, SNF8, IGF2BP1 and GIP) linked to insomnia and CVD. We used Drosophila models to perform tissue-specific RNA interference knockdowns of four conserved orthologs (ATPsynC, lsn, Bruce and Imp) in neurons and the heart. Neuronal-specific knockdown of ATPsynC, Imp and lsn impaired sleep quantity and quality. In contrast, cardiac knockdown of ATPsynC and lsn reduced cardiac function and lifespan, with lsn knockdown also causing cardiac dilation and myofibrillar disorganization. Cross-tissue effects were evident: neuronal Imp knockdown compromised cardiac function, whereas cardiac ATPsynC and lsn knockdown increased sleep fragmentation and inflammation (marked by Upd3 elevation in the heart or head). Overexpression of Upd3 in neurons impaired cardiac function, and its overexpression in the heart disrupted sleep. Our findings reveal conserved genes mediating tissue-specific and cross-tissue interactions between sleep and cardiac function, providing novel insights into the genetic mechanisms linking insomnia and CVD through inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11144,"journal":{"name":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12140649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jocelynn R Pearl, Amol C Shetty, Jeffrey P Cantle, Dani E Bergey, Robert M Bragg, Sydney R Coffey, Holly B Kordasiewicz, Leroy E Hood, Nathan D Price, Seth A Ament, Jeffrey B Carroll
{"title":"Altered huntingtin-chromatin interactions predict transcriptional and epigenetic changes in Huntington's disease.","authors":"Jocelynn R Pearl, Amol C Shetty, Jeffrey P Cantle, Dani E Bergey, Robert M Bragg, Sydney R Coffey, Holly B Kordasiewicz, Leroy E Hood, Nathan D Price, Seth A Ament, Jeffrey B Carroll","doi":"10.1242/dmm.052282","DOIUrl":"10.1242/dmm.052282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While progressive striatal gene expression changes and epigenetic alterations are a prominent feature of Huntington's disease (HD), the mechanistic basis remains poorly understood. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq), we show that the huntingtin protein (HTT) reproducibly occupies specific locations in the mouse genome. Striatal HTT ChIP-seq peaks were enriched in coding regions of spiny projection neuron identity genes that were found to have reduced expression in HD patients and mouse models, and had reduced occupancy in expanded polyglutamine HTT knock-in mice (HttQ111/Q111). By contrast, HTT occupancy was depleted near genes that are upregulated in HD. ChIP-seq of striatal histone modifications revealed genotype-specific colocalization of HTT with active chromatin marks and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a key enzymatic component of the PRC2 complex. In the vicinity of genes that are differentially regulated in HD, greater HTT occupancy in HttQ111/Q111 vs wild-type mice was associated with increased EZH2 occupancy, increased H3K4me3 levels and decreased H3K27me3 levels. Our study suggests that HTT-chromatin interactions may play a role in organizing chromatin and promoting cell type-specific gene expression, with HTT occupancy predicting transcriptional dysregulation in HD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11144,"journal":{"name":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henrike Berns, Damian Weber, Maximilian Haas, Zeineb Bakey, Magdalena Maria Brislinger-Engelhardt, Miriam Schmidts, Peter Walentek
{"title":"A homozygous human WNT11 variant is associated with laterality, heart and renal defects.","authors":"Henrike Berns, Damian Weber, Maximilian Haas, Zeineb Bakey, Magdalena Maria Brislinger-Engelhardt, Miriam Schmidts, Peter Walentek","doi":"10.1242/dmm.052211","DOIUrl":"10.1242/dmm.052211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wnt signaling plays important roles during vertebrate development, including left-right axis specification as well as heart and kidney organogenesis. We identified a homozygous human WNT11 variant in an infant with situs inversus totalis, complex heart defects and renal hypodysplasia, and used Xenopus embryos to functionally characterize this variant. WNT11c.814delG encodes a protein with reduced stability that lost signaling activity in vivo. This is remarkable, because the variant encodes a truncated ligand with nearly identical length and predicted structure to dominant-negative Wnts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that alteration of the truncated C-terminal end can restore stability and signaling activity similarly to Xenopus dominant-negative Wnt11b. Our study also suggests similar functions for WNT11 in human development as those described in model organisms. Therefore, biallelic WNT11 dysfunction should be considered a novel genetic cause of syndromal human phenotypes presenting with congenital heart defects and renal hypoplasia, with or without laterality defects. The work presented here enhances our understanding of human development and structure-function relationships in Wnt ligands.</p>","PeriodicalId":11144,"journal":{"name":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie May, Katrina Stevenson, Bashaer Alqarafi, Kyi Lai Yin Swe, Algernon Bloom, Agata Mackintosh, Miryam Müller, Anastasia Georgakopoulou, Thomas M Drake, Christos Kiourtis, Saadia A Karim, Colin Nixon, Barbara Cadden, Aileen Duffton, Derek Grose, David Y Lewis, Karen Blyth, Anthony J Chalmers, Thomas G Bird
{"title":"A precision image-guided model of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Stephanie May, Katrina Stevenson, Bashaer Alqarafi, Kyi Lai Yin Swe, Algernon Bloom, Agata Mackintosh, Miryam Müller, Anastasia Georgakopoulou, Thomas M Drake, Christos Kiourtis, Saadia A Karim, Colin Nixon, Barbara Cadden, Aileen Duffton, Derek Grose, David Y Lewis, Karen Blyth, Anthony J Chalmers, Thomas G Bird","doi":"10.1242/dmm.052301","DOIUrl":"10.1242/dmm.052301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver tumours, both primary and metastatic, are diseases of unmet clinical need. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver tumour, like many other cancers, can be treated by stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), reducing off-target effects of radiation on local anatomical structures. However, integrating all the necessary components for stereotactic irradiation of HCC in murine models has not yet been reported. Here, we provide the development and detailed characterisation of a murine SABR model combining magnetic resonance imaging- and computed tomography (CT)-guided delineation of the tumour, together with CT-guided liver tumour radiotherapy. The model enables accurate delivery of clinically relevant doses of radiotherapy with good tolerability and on-target tumour responses in models with otherwise universally progressive disease. The development of this preclinical modelling platform paves the way for its integration into multimodal therapeutic and mechanistic testing in preclinical murine models of metastatic and primary liver tumours, including HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11144,"journal":{"name":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Jaimian Church, Ajai J Pulianmackal, Joseph A Dixon, Luke V Loftus, Sarah R Amend, Kenneth Pienta, Frank C Cackowski, Laura A Buttitta
{"title":"Oncogenic signaling in the Drosophila prostate-like accessory gland activates a pro-tumorigenic program in the absence of proliferation.","authors":"S Jaimian Church, Ajai J Pulianmackal, Joseph A Dixon, Luke V Loftus, Sarah R Amend, Kenneth Pienta, Frank C Cackowski, Laura A Buttitta","doi":"10.1242/dmm.052001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.052001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drosophila models for tumorigenesis have revealed conserved mechanisms of signaling involved in mammalian cancer. Many of these models use highly mitotically active Drosophila tissues. Few Drosophila tumorigenesis models use adult tissues, when most cells are terminally differentiated and postmitotic. The Drosophila accessory glands are prostate-like tissues, and a model for prostate tumorigenesis using this tissue has been explored. In this prior model, oncogenic signaling was induced during the proliferative stages of accessory gland development, raising the question of how oncogenic activity impacts the terminally differentiated, postmitotic adult tissue. Here, we show that oncogenic signaling in the adult Drosophila accessory gland leads to activation of a conserved pro-tumorigenic program, similar to that of mitotic tissues, but in the absence of proliferation. In our experiments, oncogenic signaling in the adult gland led to tissue hypertrophy with nuclear anaplasia, in part through endoreduplication. Oncogene-induced gene expression changes in the adult Drosophila prostate-like model overlapped with those in polyploid prostate cancer cells after chemotherapy, which potentially mediate tumor recurrence. Thus, the adult accessory glands provide a useful model for aspects of prostate cancer progression that lack cellular proliferation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11144,"journal":{"name":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glucose uptake in pigment glia suppresses Tau-induced inflammation and photoreceptor degeneration.","authors":"Mikiko Oka, Sho Nakajima, Emiko Suzuki, Shinya Yamamoto, Kanae Ando","doi":"10.1242/dmm.052057","DOIUrl":"10.1242/dmm.052057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glucose hypometabolism and glial activation are pathological features seen in AD brains; however, the connection between the two is not fully understood. Using a Drosophila model of AD, we identified that glucose metabolism in glia plays a critical role in neuroinflammation under disease conditions. Expression of human MATP (hereafter referred to as Tau) in the retinal cells, including photoreceptor neurons and pigment glia, causes photoreceptor degeneration accompanied by the formation of dark-stained round inclusion-like structures and swelling of the lamina cortex. We found that inclusion-like structures are formed by glial phagocytosis, and swelling of the laminal cortex correlates with the expression of antimicrobial peptides. Coexpression of human glucose transporter 3 (SLC2A3, hereafter referred to as GLUT3) with Tau in the retina does not affect Tau levels but suppresses these inflammatory responses and photoreceptor degeneration. We also found that expression of GLUT3, specifically in the pigment glia, is sufficient to suppress inflammatory phenotypes and mitigate photoreceptor degeneration in the Tau-expressing retina. Our results suggest that glial glucose metabolism contributes to inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration in tauopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11144,"journal":{"name":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah R Drury, Melissa A Tadros, Robert J Callister, Alan M Brichta, Robert Eisenberg, Rebecca Lim
{"title":"Anatomical and functional studies of vestibular neuroepithelia from patients with Ménière's disease.","authors":"Hannah R Drury, Melissa A Tadros, Robert J Callister, Alan M Brichta, Robert Eisenberg, Rebecca Lim","doi":"10.1242/dmm.052224","DOIUrl":"10.1242/dmm.052224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical removal of vestibular end organs is a final treatment option for people with intractable Ménière's disease (MD). Here, we used surgically excised vestibular neuroepithelium from patients with MD for (1) anatomical investigation of hair cell and nerve fibre markers using immunohistochemistry, and (2) functional studies using electrophysiological recordings of voltage-activated currents. Our data show considerable reduction in and disorganisation of vestibular hair cells in the cristae ampullares. Nerve fibres maintain contact with remaining sensory receptors but appear thin in regions in which hair cells are absent. Electrophysiological recordings of voltage-activated potassium currents from surviving hair cells demonstrated normal activity in both type I and type II vestibular hair cells. Current-voltage plots from type I vestibular hair cells are consistent with the presence of a surrounding calyx afferent terminal. These data indicate that the surviving hair cells that were sampled in patients with MD remain functional and capable of transmitting sensory information to the central nervous system. Determining functionality of vestibular receptors and nerves is critical for vestibular implant research to restore balance in people with MD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11144,"journal":{"name":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An appetite for research: an interview with Sadaf Farooqi.","authors":"Sadaf Farooqi","doi":"10.1242/dmm.052379","DOIUrl":"10.1242/dmm.052379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Professor Sadaf Farooqi is a clinician and researcher investigating the genetics underpinning obesity. Her research uncovered the first known genes that cause severe obesity, highlighting the significant role of appetite in regulating weight gain. Sadaf's work has been instrumental in proving that many observations in mice are also true in humans, paving the way for novel treatments and shifts in policy. After studying medicine at the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Sadaf completed her PhD on the genetics of severe childhood obesity at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, marking the beginning of her impressive research career in this field. She is currently Professor of Metabolism and Medicine at the University of Cambridge and Honorary Consultant in Diabetes and Endocrinology at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. Sadaf previously served on the Board of Directors for Disease Models & Mechanisms' publisher, The Company of Biologists. Here, we discuss the fascinating insights from her work on obesity and appetite, her approach to exploring new research questions, and how these discoveries can ultimately impact patients and society.</p>","PeriodicalId":11144,"journal":{"name":"Disease Models & Mechanisms","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}