Current opinion in lipidology最新文献_第8页

Aspirin and lipoprotein(a) in primary prevention. 阿司匹林和脂蛋白（a）在初级预防中的作用。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000891

Harpreet S Bhatia

{"title":"Aspirin and lipoprotein(a) in primary prevention.","authors":"Harpreet S Bhatia","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000891","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000891","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is causally associated with cardiovascular diseases, and elevated levels are highly prevalent. However, there is a lack of available therapies to address Lp(a)-mediated risk. Though aspirin has progressively fallen out of favor for primary prevention, individuals with high Lp(a) may represent a high-risk group that derives a net benefit.Recent findings: Aspirin has been demonstrated to have a clear benefit in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, but recent primary prevention trials have at best demonstrated a small benefit. However, individuals with elevated Lp(a) may be of high risk enough to benefit, particularly given interactions between Lp(a) and the fibrinolytic system / platelets, and the lack of available targeted medical therapies. In secondary analyses of the Women's Health Study (WHS) and the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial, aspirin use was associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular events in carriers of genetic polymorphisms associated with elevated Lp(a) levels. Further studies are needed, however, as these studies focused on narrower subsets of the overall population and genetic markers.Summary: Individuals with elevated Lp(a) may benefit from aspirin therapy in primary prevention, but further study with plasma Lp(a) levels, broader populations, and randomization of aspirin are needed.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 5","pages":"214-220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10209278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000885

引用次数: 0

Oxidized LDL receptors: a recent update. 氧化LDL受体:最近的更新。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000884

Mohd Azeem Khan, Irshad Mohammad, Sohom Banerjee, Akanksha Tomar, Kottayil I Varughese, Jawahar L Mehta, Anmol Chandele, Arulandu Arockiasamy

{"title":"Oxidized LDL receptors: a recent update.","authors":"Mohd Azeem Khan, Irshad Mohammad, Sohom Banerjee, Akanksha Tomar, Kottayil I Varughese, Jawahar L Mehta, Anmol Chandele, Arulandu Arockiasamy","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000884","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: LDL in its oxidized form, or 'oxLDL', is now generally acknowledged to be highly proatherogenic and to play a significant role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Therefore, there has been increasing interest in understanding the significance of oxLDL and its receptors in different phases of atherosclerosis, leading to the accumulation of additional data at the cellular, structural, and physiological levels. This review focuses on the most recent discoveries about these receptors and how they influence lipid absorption, metabolism, and inflammation in various cell types.Recent findings: Two crystal structures of lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), one with a small molecule inhibitor and the other with a monoclonal antibody have been published. We recently demonstrated that the 'surface site' of LOX1, adjacent to the positively charged 'basic spine region' that facilitates oxLDL binding, is a targetable site for drug development. Further, recent human studies showed that soluble LOX-1 holds potential as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease diagnosis, prognosis, and assessing the efficacy of therapy.Summary: Receptor-mediated oxLDL uptake results in cellular dysfunction of various cell types involved in atherogenesis and plaque development. The current advancements clearly demonstrate that targeting oxLDL-LOX-1 axis may lead to development of future therapeutics for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 4","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9849096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Updates in the management of pediatric dyslipidemia. 儿童血脂异常管理的最新进展。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000879

Pooja Choudhari, Nivedita Patni

{"title":"Updates in the management of pediatric dyslipidemia.","authors":"Pooja Choudhari, Nivedita Patni","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000879","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Pediatric dyslipidemias increase the risk of atherosclerosis and clinical cardiovascular disease and are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies have measurably improved abnormal lipids and reduced cardiovascular events. The review will focus on current standards of care and investigative medications with the potential to improve cardiovascular health in children and adults.Recent findings: Lifestyle interventions and statins remain cornerstones in the treatment of pediatric hyperlipidemias. Bile acid sequestrants and ezetimibe continue to be used in the pediatric population as well. In recent years, successful clinical trials have approved use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Use of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibitors is also promising as it causes marked improvement in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with safe side effect profiles. Additional medications undergoing pediatric clinical trials include inclisiran, bempedoic acid, and lomitapide.Summary: Recent advances in pharmacotherapy, especially for treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia, greatly impact treatment of dyslipidemias in children. Despite the overall progress in the development of these medications, therapies targeted towards treating hypertriglyceridemia have lagged behind. Continuing research for the treatment of pediatric dyslipidemias remains an important endeavor to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events in children.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 4","pages":"156-161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9788650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk: a 2023 update. 心血管疾病风险评估:2023年更新。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000887

Earl Goldsborough, Erfan Tasdighi, Michael J Blaha

{"title":"Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk: a 2023 update.","authors":"Earl Goldsborough, Erfan Tasdighi, Michael J Blaha","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000887","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this study was to highlight the current best practice for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk evaluation, including selective use of adjunctive tools for risk stratification [e.g. coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring] and risk enhancement [e.g. lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], polygenic risk scoring (PRS)].Recent findings: New studies have evaluated the efficacy of various risk assessment tools. These studies demonstrate the role of Lp(a) as a risk-enhancing factor ready for more widespread use. CAC is the gold standard method of assessing subclinical atherosclerosis, enabling true risk stratification of patients, and informing net benefit assessment for initiating or titrating lipid-lowering therapy (LLT).Summary: Lp(a) concentration and CAC scoring, apart from the traditional risk factors, add the most value to the current CVD risk assessment approaches of all available tools, especially in terms of guiding LLT. In addition to new integrative tools such as the MESA CHD Risk Score and Coronary Age calculator, the future of risk assessment may include PRS and more advanced imaging techniques for atherosclerosis burden. Soon, polygenic risk scoring may be used to identify the age at which to begin CAC scoring, with CAC scores guiding preventive strategies.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 4","pages":"162-173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10054676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Bempedoic acid for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence and mechanisms of action. 苯二甲酸治疗非酒精性脂肪肝:证据和作用机制。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000878

Núria Roglans, Juan Carlos Laguna, Marta Alegret

{"title":"Bempedoic acid for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence and mechanisms of action.","authors":"Núria Roglans, Juan Carlos Laguna, Marta Alegret","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000878","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent progressive condition that lacks a specific pharmacological treatment. ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is one of the emergent targets for the treatment of NAFLD. This review aims to summarize the role of ACLY in NAFLD, provide evidence of the beneficial effects of the ACLY inhibitor bempedoic acid (BemA) in NAFLD and discuss the mechanisms involved.Recent findings: BemA is effective in reducing hepatic steatosis in several animal models that recapitulate different stages of the disease. Thus, in a dietary model of simple hepatic steatosis in female rats, BemA abrogates the accumulation of liver fat. Apart from ACLY inhibition, BemA has several functions in the liver that contribute to the antisteatotic effect: inhibition of ketohexokinase, induction of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 and increases in both fatty acid β-oxidation activity and hepatic H 2 S production. In models of the advanced phases of NAFLD, BemA reduces not only steatosis, but also ballooning, lobular inflammation and hepatic fibrosis, by mechanisms involving both hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells.Summary: BemA, an ACLY inhibitor currently approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, may be a useful drug to treat NAFLD through its antisteatotic, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 4","pages":"141-146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9779427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Considerations for routinely testing for high lipoprotein(a). 常规检测高脂蛋白（a）的注意事项。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000838

Nick S Nurmohamed, Patrick M Moriarty, Erik Sg Stroes

{"title":"Considerations for routinely testing for high lipoprotein(a).","authors":"Nick S Nurmohamed, Patrick M Moriarty, Erik Sg Stroes","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000838","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000838","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a likely causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic valve disease, confirmed by Mendelian randomization. With reliable assays, it has been established that Lp(a) is linearly associated with ASCVD. Current low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering therapies do not or minimally lower Lp(a). This review focuses on the clinical importance and therapeutic consequences of Lp(a) measurement.Recent findings: Development of RNA-based Lp(a) lowering therapeutics has positioned Lp(a) as one of the principal residual risk factors to target in the battle against lipid-driven ASCVD risk. Pelacarsen, which is a liver-specific antisense oligonucleotide, has shown Lp(a) reductions up to 90% and its phase 3 trial is currently underway. Olpasiran is a small interfering RNA targeting LPA messenger RNA, which is being investigated in phase 2 and has already shown dose-dependent Lp(a) reductions up to 90%.Summary: Lp(a) should be measured in every patient at least once to identify patients with very high Lp(a) levels. These patients could benefit from Lp(a) lowering therapies when approved. In the meantime, therapy in high Lp(a) patients should focus on further reducing LDL-C and other ASCVD risk factors.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 4","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10328534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9784789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inclisiran: present and future perspectives of a new effective LDL cholesterol-lowering agent. Inclisiran:一种新型有效的低密度脂蛋白降胆固醇剂的现状和未来展望。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000877

Salvatore Giordano, Alberto Polimeni, Giovanni Esposito, Ciro Indolfi, Carmen Spaccarotella

引用次数: 1

Cardiomyocytes, sphingolipids and cardio myotoxicity. 心肌细胞、鞘脂和心肌毒性。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000829

Malin C Levin, Linda Andersson, Jan Borén

{"title":"Cardiomyocytes, sphingolipids and cardio myotoxicity.","authors":"Malin C Levin, Linda Andersson, Jan Borén","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000829","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Sphingolipids are structurally diverse membrane lipids localized in lipid bilayers. Sphingolipids are not only important structural components of cellular membranes, but they are also important regulators of cellular trafficking and signal transduction and are implicated in several diseases. Here, we review the latest insights into sphingolipids and their role in cardiac function and cardiometabolic disease.Recent findings: The underlying mechanisms linking sphingolipids to cardiac dysfunction are still not fully clarified. Sphingolipids, and in particular ceramides, have emerged as important players in lipotoxicity, mediating inflammation, impaired insulin signalling and apoptosis. In addition, recent findings highlight the importance of glycosphingolipid homeostasis in cardiomyocyte membranes, where they are required to maintain β-adrenergic signalling and contractile capacity to preserve normal heart function. Thus, glycosphingolipid homeostasis in cardiac membranes characterizes a novel mechanism linking sphingolipids to cardiac disease.Summary: Modulation of cardiac sphingolipids may represent a promising therapeutic approach. Sustained investigation of the link between sphingolipids and cardiomyocyte function is therefore needed and we hope that this review may inspire researchers to further elucidate the action of these lipids.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 4","pages":"180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10189621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Familial hypercholesterolemia: The nexus of endothelial dysfunction and lipoprotein metabolism in COVID-19. 家族性高胆固醇血症:COVID-19中内皮功能障碍和脂蛋白代谢的关系

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000876

Alpo Vuorio, Frederick Raal, Petri T Kovanen

{"title":"Familial hypercholesterolemia: The nexus of endothelial dysfunction and lipoprotein metabolism in COVID-19.","authors":"Alpo Vuorio, Frederick Raal, Petri T Kovanen","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000876","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) are at increased risk for COVID-19 cardiovascular complications in the acute phase of the infection. Elevated levels of LDL-C and often lipoprotein(a) are present from birth and lead to endothelial dysfunction, which is aggravated by a direct viral attack of the endothelial cells and their exposure to the toxic levels of circulating proinflammatory and prothrombotic mediators during the hyperinflammatory reaction typical of COVID-19.Recent findings: Evidence to date shows the benefit of lipid-lowering therapy in patients with COVID-19. In HeFH patients who are at much higher cardiovascular risk, the focus should, therefore, be on the effective lowering of LDL-C levels, the root cause of the greater cardiovascular vulnerability to COVID-19 infection in these patients. The ongoing use of statins and other lipid-lowering therapies should be encouraged during the ongoing COVID pandemic to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular complications from COVID-19, particularly in HeFH patients.Summary: Epidemiologic registry data show that the incidence of myocardial infarction is increased in SARS-CoV-2-infected HeFH patients. There is a need to study whether the risk for acute cardiovascular events is increased in the long-term and if there are changes in lipid metabolism after SARS-CoV infection(s) in patients with HeFH.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 3","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10270881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1