Current opinion in lipidology最新文献_第10页

The clinical utility of polygenic risk scores for combined hyperlipidemia. 合并高脂血症多基因风险评分的临床应用。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000865

Jacqueline S Dron

{"title":"The clinical utility of polygenic risk scores for combined hyperlipidemia.","authors":"Jacqueline S Dron","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000865","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Combined hyperlipidemia is the most common lipid disorder and is strongly polygenic. Given its prevalence and associated risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, this review describes the potential for utilizing polygenic risk scores for risk prediction and management of combined hyperlipidemia.Recent findings: Different diagnostic criteria have led to inconsistent prevalence estimates and missed diagnoses. Given that individuals with combined hyperlipidemia have risk estimates for incident coronary artery disease similar to individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia, early identification and therapeutic management of those affected is crucial. With diagnostic criteria including traits such apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride, polygenic risk scores for these traits strongly associate with combined hyperlipidemia and could be used in combination for clinical risk prediction models and developing specific treatment plans for patients.Summary: Polygenic risk scores are effective tools in risk prediction of combined hyperlipidemia, can provide insight into disease pathophysiology, and may be useful in managing and guiding treatment plans for patients. However, efforts to ensure equitable polygenic risk score performance across different genetic ancestry groups is necessary before clinical implementation in order to prevent the exacerbation of racial disparities in the clinic.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 2","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9308764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Circulating protein and lipid markers of early sepsis diagnosis and prognosis: a scoping review. 早期脓毒症诊断和预后的循环蛋白和脂质标志物:范围综述。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000870

Gemma Barber, Jelena Tanic, Aleksandra Leligdowicz

{"title":"Circulating protein and lipid markers of early sepsis diagnosis and prognosis: a scoping review.","authors":"Gemma Barber, Jelena Tanic, Aleksandra Leligdowicz","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000870","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Sepsis is the extreme response to infection associated with high mortality, yet reliable biomarkers for its identification and stratification are lacking.Recent findings: Our scoping review of studies published from January 2017 to September 2022 that investigated circulating protein and lipid markers to inform non-COVID-19 sepsis diagnosis and prognosis identified interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, heparin-binding protein (HBP), and angiopoietin-2 as having the most evidence. Biomarkers can be grouped according to sepsis pathobiology to inform biological data interpretation and four such physiologic processes include: immune regulation, endothelial injury and coagulopathy, cellular injury, and organ injury. Relative to proteins, the pleiotropic effects of lipid species' render their categorization more difficult. Circulating lipids are relatively less well studied in sepsis, however, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is associated with poor outcome.Summary: There is a lack of robust, large, and multicenter studies to support the routine use of circulating proteins and lipids for sepsis diagnosis or prognosis. Future studies will benefit from standardizing cohort design as well as analytical and reporting strategies. Incorporating biomarker dynamic changes and clinical data in statistical modeling may improve specificity for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. To guide future clinical decisions at the bedside, point-of-care circulating biomarker quantification is needed.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 2","pages":"70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9261691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000871

引用次数: 0

Genetic determinants of pancreatitis: relevance in severe hypertriglyceridemia. 胰腺炎的遗传决定因素:与严重高甘油三酯血症相关。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000866

Shyann M T Hang, Robert A Hegele, Amanda J Berberich

{"title":"Genetic determinants of pancreatitis: relevance in severe hypertriglyceridemia.","authors":"Shyann M T Hang, Robert A Hegele, Amanda J Berberich","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000866","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Not all patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia develop acute pancreatitis. We surveyed recent literature on inter-individual genetic variation in susceptibility to pancreatitis.Recent findings: Genetic determinants of pancreatitis include: rare Mendelian disorders caused by highly penetrant pathogenic variants in genes involved in trypsinogen activation; uncommon susceptibility variants in genes involved in trypsinogen activation, protein misfolding as well as calcium metabolism and cystic fibrosis, that have variable penetrance and show a range of odds ratios for pancreatitis; and common polymorphisms in many of the same genes that have only a small effect on risk. The role of these genetic variants in modulating pancreatitis risk in hypertriglyceridemia is unclear. However, among genetic determinants of plasma triglycerides, those predisposing to more severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with chylomicronemia appear to have higher pancreatitis risk.Summary: Currently, among patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, the most consistent predictor of pancreatitis risk is the triglyceride level. Furthermore, pancreatitis risk appears to be modulated by a higher genetic burden of factors associated with greater magnitude of triglyceride elevation. The role of common and rare genetic determinants of pancreatitis itself in this metabolic context is unclear.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 2","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/30/colip-34-59.PMC10069755.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10269355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive function. Omega-3脂肪酸和认知功能

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000862

Francine K Welty

{"title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive function.","authors":"Francine K Welty","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000862","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim is to provide an update on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in preventing cognitive decline and dementia.Recent findings: Prospective studies and three new meta-analyses suggest that fish or n-3 PUFA intake are associated with a reduction in development of mild cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in those with mild cognitive impairment showed benefit on cognitive decline, whereas there was no benefit in Alzheimer's disease. In cognitively healthy individuals with clinical coronary artery disease (CAD), 3.36 g EPA and DHA daily slowed cognitive ageing by 2.5 years. Of 15 RCTs in cognitively healthy individuals age more than 55 years, seven reported benefit, whereas eight did not. Potential mechanisms for differences in outcomes include dose, trial duration, apolipoproteinE genotype, sex, stage and rate of cognitive decline, cognitive testing employed and individual characteristics. The downstream product of DHA, neuroprotectin D1, may be involved in beneficial effects.Summary: Patients with early memory complaints or a family history of dementia and those with CAD should be counselled on the potential benefits of fish intake and supplementation with n-3 PUFA. ApolipoproteinE4 carriers may especially benefit from DHA supplementation prior to development of cognitive decline.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 1","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9255271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Lipidomics in gestational diabetes mellitus. 妊娠期糖尿病的脂质组学。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000858

Yi Wang, Xiong-Fei Pan, An Pan

{"title":"Lipidomics in gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Yi Wang, Xiong-Fei Pan, An Pan","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000858","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Epidemiological and mechanistic studies have reported relationships between blood lipids, mostly measured by traditional method in clinical settings, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Recent advances of high-throughput lipidomics techniques have made available more comprehensive lipid profiling in biological samples. This review aims to summarize evidence from prospective studies in assessing relations between blood lipids and GDM, and discuss potential underlying mechanisms.Recent findings: Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based analytical platforms are extensively used in lipidomics research. Epidemiological studies have identified multiple novel lipidomic biomarkers that are associated with risk of GDM, such as certain types of fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipoproteins. However, the findings are inconclusive mainly due to the heterogeneities in study populations, sample sizes, and analytical platforms. Mechanistic evidence indicates that abnormal lipid metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM by impairing pancreatic β-cells and inducing insulin resistance through several etiologic pathways, such as inflammation and oxidative stress.Summary: Lipidomics is a powerful tool to study pathogenesis and biomarkers for GDM. Lipidomic biomarkers and pathways could help to identify women at high risk for GDM and could be potential targets for early prevention and intervention of GDM.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10258992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Altered cardiovascular risk pattern of LDL cholesterol in older adults. 老年人低密度脂蛋白胆固醇改变心血管风险模式

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000859

Maarten Pieter Rozing, Rudi G J Westendorp

{"title":"Altered cardiovascular risk pattern of LDL cholesterol in older adults.","authors":"Maarten Pieter Rozing, Rudi G J Westendorp","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000859","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Elevated serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels at middle-age constitute a strong risk factor for later cardiovascular events. In older populations, however, LDL-C levels are no longer predictive of cardiovascular mortality or may even seem protective. Whether the altered risk pattern of LDL-C in old age reflects a causal mechanism or is due to confounding and bias is subject to debate. In this review, we briefly discuss the possible explanations for the altered risk pattern of LDL-C observed in old age.Recent findings: Using examples from the recent literature we illustrate how LDL-C levels 'lose' their predictive value as a cardiovascular risk factor in old age. We review three potential explanations for the changed cardiovascular risk pattern of LDL-C in older populations: survivorship bias, reverse causation, and effect modification.Summary: The absent or protective effect of LDL-C on cardiovascular mortality in older populations found in observational studies might be explained by survivorship bias, reverse causation, and effect modification. However, this does not necessarily preclude the possibility that (specific) cholesterol-lowering treatment could decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality. Placebo-controlled trials may importantly add to our understanding of who may benefit from lipid-lowering therapy or statins at an older age.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9247776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The feedback cycles between glucose, amino acids and lipids and alpha cell secretion and their role in metabolic fatty liver disease. 葡萄糖、氨基酸和脂质与α细胞分泌之间的反馈循环及其在代谢性脂肪肝中的作用。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000857

Marie Winther-Sørensen, Jens J Holst, Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen

{"title":"The feedback cycles between glucose, amino acids and lipids and alpha cell secretion and their role in metabolic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Marie Winther-Sørensen, Jens J Holst, Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000857","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Glucagon increases hepatic glucose production and in patients with metabolic diseases, glucagon secretion is increased contributing to diabetic hyperglycemia. This review explores the role of amino acids and lipids in the regulation of glucagon secretion and how it may be disturbed in metabolic diseases such as obesity and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).Recent findings: Human and animal studies have shown that MAFLD is associated with glucagon resistance towards amino acid catabolism, resulting in elevated plasma levels of amino acids. A recent clinical study showed that MAFLD is also associated with glucagon resistance towards lipid metabolism. In contrast, MAFLD may not decrease hepatic sensitivity to the stimulatory effects of glucagon on glucose production.Summary: Elevated plasma levels of amino acids and lipids associated with MAFLD may cause diabetogenic hyperglucagonemia. MAFLD and glucagon resistance may therefore be causally linked to hyperglycemia and the development of type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"34 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introductions. 编辑介绍。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000860

引用次数: 0

Recent Apolipoprotein CIII trials. 最近的载脂蛋白iii试验。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000849

Daniele Tramontano, Simone Bini, Laura D'Erasmo, Marcello Arca

{"title":"Recent Apolipoprotein CIII trials.","authors":"Daniele Tramontano, Simone Bini, Laura D'Erasmo, Marcello Arca","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000849","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review will briefly revise the evidence concerning the pharmacological inhibition of Apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII) in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.Recent findings: ApoCIII is a plasma apolipoprotein playing a major role in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, namely chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins as well as in the pathological processes involved in atherosclerosis. Therefore, ApoCIII is a potential new target for reducing plasma levels of TRLs and, thereby, cardiovascular risk. In recent years, there have been extensive preclinical and clinical pharmacological studies aimed at testing drugs directed against ApoCIII.Summary: In this review, firstly we will summarize the molecular function of ApoCIII in lipoprotein metabolism. Then, we will examine the lipid-lowering potential of the pharmacological inhibition of ApoCIII based on the results of clinical trial employing Volansesorsen, the first approved antisense therapeutic oligonucleotide against ApoCIII mRNA. The future perspectives for ApoCIII inhibition will be also revised.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"33 6","pages":"309-318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10712946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3