Current opinion in lipidology最新文献

Genetic influences on macrophage function and lipid uptake in atherosclerosis. 基因对动脉粥样硬化中巨噬细胞功能和脂质摄取的影响。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000986

Chris A O'Callaghan, Jiahao Jiang

{"title":"Genetic influences on macrophage function and lipid uptake in atherosclerosis.","authors":"Chris A O'Callaghan, Jiahao Jiang","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000986","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000986","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Macrophages can accumulate lipid droplets in their cytoplasm resulting in the foamy appearance seen in various diseases, especially atherosclerosis. This review assesses new insights from single cell analyses into the role of different human macrophage subpopulations and genetic risk in atherosclerotic disease.Recent findings: Single cell transcriptomic studies have identified TREM2hi foamy macrophages as a key population in both human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques. In addition, a TREM1hi/PLIN2hi population in human plaques has pro-inflammatory properties. Combined single cell transcriptomic and epigenetic multiomic profiling identified a population of CD52hi lipid-handling macrophages that are enriched for heritability of atherosclerotic disease. Molecular mechanisms have been identified linking gene-regulatory effects of disease-associated polymorphisms to the macrophage response to ox-LDL.Summary: Recent studies have used singe cell approaches to provide new insights into macrophage subsets, their interactions with lipid species and their role in mediating genetic influences on disease risk.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"185-190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetics of remnant cholesterol. 残余胆固醇的遗传学。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000991

Anders B Wulff, Børge G Nordestgaard

{"title":"Genetics of remnant cholesterol.","authors":"Anders B Wulff, Børge G Nordestgaard","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000991","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000991","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Remnant cholesterol is receiving increasing attention as a target to reduce residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in individuals already treated with statins. New therapeutic options as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, and monoclonal antibodies allow specific targeting of genes and proteins to counter pathological pathways promoted by these genes. Identifying genetic determinants of remnant cholesterol and relating these to risk of ASCVD is thus an appealing path to identifying and evaluating new and existing drug targets.Recent findings: Human genetic epidemiology has identified several genetic variants in genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism with effect on plasma concentrations of remnant cholesterol. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is central to the metabolism of remnant lipoproteins and plasma concentrations of remnant cholesterol, and several genes, including APOC3 , ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 , whose gene products regulate activity of LPL, are important determinants of remnant cholesterol.Summary: Current opinion is that remnant cholesterol is a likely causal factor in the development of ASCVD. Human genetic studies have identified several genes, many involved in LPL function, affecting remnant cholesterol concentrations, some of which are already used as therapeutic targets, and others which are subject to investigation of their remnant cholesterol and triglyceride-lowering effect in clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"211-219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Lipoprotein(a) levels decreased in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes? 胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病患者脂蛋白(a)水平降低吗？

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000996

Pablo Corral, María Gabriela Matta, Laura Schreier

{"title":"Are Lipoprotein(a) levels decreased in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?","authors":"Pablo Corral, María Gabriela Matta, Laura Schreier","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000996","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000996","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a significant player in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). While Lp(a) contributes to residual cardiovascular risk in T2D, lower levels paradoxically increase the risk of developing T2D. This review explores Lp(a)'s dual role in cardiometabolic disease, its association with T2D, and emerging Lp(a)-lowering therapies.Recent findings: Large-scale studies confirm Lp(a) as a potent risk factor for cardiovascular events in T2D, with lower Lp(a) thresholds increasing risk compared to nondiabetic individuals. Observational and genetic studies reveal an inverse relationship between Lp(a) and T2D risk, linked to insulin dynamics, Kringle IV-type-2 repeat variants, and metabolic pathways. Emerging evidence suggests a connection between Lp(a), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and statin use. However, Mendelian randomization analyses have yielded conflicting results, leaving key mechanistic questions unresolved.Summary: Lp(a) plays a complex role in cardiometabolic health, acting as both a cardiovascular hazard and a potential metabolic marker in T2D. The paradoxical association of low Lp(a) with increased T2D risk challenges conventional perspectives and raises concerns regarding Lp(a)-lowering interventions. Further research is needed to clarify causality, refine risk stratification, and guide clinical decisions for Lp(a) modulation in T2D patients.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"179-184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can small dense LDL cholesterol be estimated from the lipid profile? 小密度低密度脂蛋白胆固醇可以从脂质谱估计吗？

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000989

Tatsuya Sato, Marenao Tanaka, Masato Furuhashi

{"title":"Can small dense LDL cholesterol be estimated from the lipid profile?","authors":"Tatsuya Sato, Marenao Tanaka, Masato Furuhashi","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000989","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000989","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is recognized for its strong atherosclerogenic potential. However, its direct measurement remains impractical in clinical settings due to its high cost, time constraints, and labor-intensive nature. This review discusses the benefits and limitations of estimating sdLDL-C using conventional lipid fractions, highlighting recent advancements in estimation methods.Recent findings: Sampson et al. proposed a novel equation for estimating sdLDL-C based on conventional lipid parameters, offering a more accessible alternative to direct measurement. Recent studies, including ours, demonstrated that this estimation method achieves sufficiently high accuracy for overall application. However, its accuracy can be improved by incorporating machine learning. Furthermore, sdLDL-C estimated by Sampson's equation has been shown to be a superior risk marker for hypertension, an intermediate phenotype of atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease, a major cardiovascular event, compared to conventional lipid profiles alone, although further research is needed to determine whether estimated sdLDL-C is equivalent to directly measured sdLDL-C in risk assessment.Summary: Estimated sdLDL-C presents a promising alternative to direct measurement. While estimated sdLDL-C levels can serve a risk marker for cardiovascular diseases, further research is needed to refine estimation models and explore their integration into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"198-202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Achilles tendon on diagnosis and phenotypes of familial hypercholesterolemia. 跟腱对家族性高胆固醇血症的诊断和表型的影响。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000992

Hayato Tada, Atsushi Nohara, Masa-Aki Kawashiri, Masayuki Takamura

引用次数: 0

Safety and effectiveness of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition: an updated review. 蛋白转化酶subtilisin/kexin 9型抑制的安全性和有效性：最新综述

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000988

Konstantinos Pamporis, Paschalis Karakasis, Dimitrios Tsiachris

{"title":"Safety and effectiveness of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition: an updated review.","authors":"Konstantinos Pamporis, Paschalis Karakasis, Dimitrios Tsiachris","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000988","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000988","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To summarize the recent literature on the effectiveness and safety of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and mitigating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk.Recent findings: PCSK9i demonstrated considerable benefits in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Within an intensive lipid-lowering strategy (\"strike early-strike strong\"), these agents were associated with improved outcomes, primarily through LDL-C reductions and atheromatous plaque regression and stabilization, particularly in multivessel disease. In heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, significant LDL-C reductions were noted for alirocumab (-43.3%) and lerodalcibep (-58.6%), while in homozygous hypercholesterolemia, lerodalcibep (-4.9%) and inclisiran (-1.68%) were ineffective, with evolocumab demonstrating a superior -10.3% LDL-C reduction. PCSK9i exhibit a favorable safety profile and high adherence rates; nevertheless, concerns have been raised in patients with respiratory comorbidities and during pregnancy. Additionally, challenges like high costs and complex authorization procedures limit their widespread implementation. Clinicians should also be mindful of the potential discontinuation of concurrent lipid-lowering therapies following PCSK9i initiation.Summary: PCSK9i remain integral in ASCVD risk reduction, given their potent LDL-C-lowering effects, all while maintaining a favorable safety profile. The greatest benefits are observed in patients with AMI, particularly in multivessel disease. Despite high adherence, broader utilization is hindered by persistent challenges, including costs and complex authorization processes.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"203-210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orticumab: the potential to harness oxidized LDL to reduce coronary inflammation with plaque-targeted therapy. Orticumab：利用氧化LDL通过斑块靶向治疗减少冠状动脉炎症的潜力。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000990

Christopher J Farina, Wenqi Lu, Jan Nilsson

{"title":"Orticumab: the potential to harness oxidized LDL to reduce coronary inflammation with plaque-targeted therapy.","authors":"Christopher J Farina, Wenqi Lu, Jan Nilsson","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000990","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000990","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Myocardial infarction survivors are at a high risk of a recurrent event despite receiving guideline preventive therapy. There is accumulated evidence that persistent atherosclerotic plaque inflammation contributes to this risk. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is widely recognized as a key factor in plaque inflammation and instability; however, no therapies that directly target oxidized LDL are to date available for clinical use. We will here review recent observations indicating that treatment with the anti-oxidized LDL antibody orticumab specifically inhibits plaque inflammation.Recent findings: The effect of orticumab on coronary inflammation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot phase 2a trial in subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis is a new and recent finding. Coronary inflammation was assessed by calculation of the fat attenuation index (FAI)-Score in the pericoronary adipose tissue in coronary computed tomography angiograms. After 15 weeks of treatment the mean FAI-Score of the three main coronary arteries was significantly reduced in the orticumab group while no change occurred in the placebo group. The effect of orticumab was most pronounced in those with most inflammation at baseline.Summary: Treatment with orticumab represents a new and plaque-specific way to reduce arterial inflammation.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The lipid-heart hypothesis from the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases. 七国心血管疾病研究中的脂质-心脏假说。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000993

Alessandro Menotti, Paolo Emilio Puddu

{"title":"The lipid-heart hypothesis from the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Alessandro Menotti, Paolo Emilio Puddu","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000993","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000993","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To summarize and comment recent analyses from the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases (SCS) on the role of Atherogenicity (ATI) and Thrombogenicity (THI) indexes (created by combining several types of dietary fatty acids) in predicting major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mainly coronary heart disease (CHD) mortalities in a long follow-up observation of ecological procedures involving 16 cohorts of middle-aged men.Recent findings: In a chain of steps, a dietary score [Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI)] was inversely correlated with the ATI ( R = -0.91). ATI directly correlated with serum cholesterol ( R = +0.73) and serum cholesterol directly correlated with 50-year CHD mortality ( R = +0.78). Moreover, MAI was inversely correlated ( R = -0.91) and ATI was directly correlated with CHD mortality ( R = +0.93). THI produced comparable results. In 10 cohorts reaching the extinction after 60 years of follow-up, results were similar. The same dietary and metabolic indicators were instead unrelated to other major types of CVD fatalities (heart diseases of uncertain etiology and stroke) or even inverse.Summary: ATI and THI indices assembled by pooling several types of dietary fatty acids are strongly associated with long-term CHD mortality but not with other major CVD types.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"191-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic lowering of lipoprotein(a): implications for improving outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease. 治疗性降低脂蛋白(a)：改善外周动脉疾病患者预后的意义

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000001002

Stephen J Nicholls

{"title":"Therapeutic lowering of lipoprotein(a): implications for improving outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease.","authors":"Stephen J Nicholls","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000001002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000001002","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To identify the opportunity of targeting patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Recent findings: Lp(a) plays a causal role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cohort studies demonstrate that elevated Lp(a) levels independently associate with an increased risk of developing PAD. Patients with manifest PAD have a high residual cardiovascular risk, despite use of traditional lipid lowering. The current approach to treatment of patients with high Lp(a) levels involves intensification of management of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and consideration of use of aspirin. In recent years, therapeutic programs have developed injectable RNA targeted agents and a small molecule Lp(a) assembly disrupter that are well tolerated and produce effective Lp(a) lowering. Many of these agents are being evaluated in large cardiovascular outcomes trials. Advances have also looked to develop gene/base editing and epigenetic treatments to lower Lp(a).Summary: These studies demonstrate that Lp(a) plays an important role in cardiovascular disease, including PAD. However, it remains to be determined if more effective Lp(a) lowering will translate to cardiovascular benefit. If this does prove to be the case, integration of Lp(a) testing and therapeutics has the potential to transform clinical outcomes in people living with PAD.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The intestine and cardiovascular disease. 肠道和心血管疾病。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000001001

Samuel C Delk, Srinivasa T Reddy, Alan M Fogelman

{"title":"The intestine and cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Samuel C Delk, Srinivasa T Reddy, Alan M Fogelman","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000001001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000001001","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: A review of recent publications demonstrating the important role of the intestine in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.Recent findings: At baseline (≥ 6 months since myocardial infarction), the pattern of fecal microbiota and blood LPS levels after a meal predicted risk for new major adverse cardiovascular events over the next 7 years. In intestine, tryptophan is metabolized primarily by the kynurenine pathway, which is regulated by the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). Tryptophan flow into the kynurenine pathway limits its availability for the formation of microbiota-derived indole derivatives including butyrate, and limits availability of tryptophan for the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) pathway. Feeding Ldlr-/- mice a high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFD+HCD) increased intestinal IDO1 activity, decreased levels of tryptophan, fecal butyrate, and 5-HT. Ldlr-/- mice deficient in intestinal Ido1 (Ldlr-/-Ido1-/-) on HFD+HCD had increased intestinal levels of 5-HT, increased gut permeability, increased gut inflammation, increased LPS, and increased aortic atherosclerosis. Ldlr-/- mice fed HFD+HCD and treated with a 5-HT pathway inhibitor had increased fecal indole levels, improved gut-barrier, increased antimicrobial peptide levels, and decreased aortic atherosclerosis without a change in plasma cholesterol.Summary: These studies demonstrate the importance of microbiota-derived products and intestinal tryptophan metabolism in atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0