Current opinion in lipidology最新文献

Universal screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia: how can we maximise benefits and minimise potential harm for children and their families? 家族性高胆固醇血症的普遍筛查：如何最大限度地提高儿童及其家庭的受益程度，并最大限度地降低潜在危害。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000952

Uma Ramaswami, Lorraine Priestley-Barnham, Steve E Humphries

{"title":"Universal screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia: how can we maximise benefits and minimise potential harm for children and their families?","authors":"Uma Ramaswami, Lorraine Priestley-Barnham, Steve E Humphries","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000952","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000952","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Universal Screening programmes to identify subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) have been the subject of much recent interest. However, any screening programme can cause harm as well as having potential benefits. Here we review recent papers using different ages and strategies to identify subjects with FH, and examine to what extent the publications provide quantitative or qualitative evidence of benefit or harm to children and adults.Recent findings: Three studies have been published over the last 2 years where Universal Screening for FH has been carried out in infancy, at the time of routine vaccinations, or at preschool age. Next-generation sequencing of all known FH-causing genes has been used to determine the proportion of screened individuals, who have total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations above a predetermined threshold (such as >95th percentile), with genetically confirmed FH.Summary: While we fully support the concept of Universal Screening for FH, which appears feasible and of potential clinical utility at all of the different ages examined, there is little data to document potential benefit or how to mitigate potential harms. Future study protocols should include collection of such data to strengthen the case of roll out of Universal Screening programmes.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A contemporary snapshot of familial hypercholesterolemia registries. 家族性高胆固醇血症登记的现代快照。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000958

Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Jing Pang, Dick C Chan, Gerald F Watts

{"title":"A contemporary snapshot of familial hypercholesterolemia registries.","authors":"Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Jing Pang, Dick C Chan, Gerald F Watts","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000958","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000958","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) registries can capture unique data on FH concerning real-world practice, clinic epidemiology, natural history, cascade testing, cardiovascular consequences of late diagnosis, and use of healthcare resources. Such registries are also valuable for identifying and bridging the gaps between guidelines and clinical practice. We reviewed recent findings from the principal FH registries.Recent findings: Most adult patients with heterozygous FH (HeFH) are diagnosed late, undertreated, and do not reach guideline-recommended low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. In children and adolescents with HeFH, detection relies principally on genetic testing and measurement of LDL-C levels. Similarly, the majority of patients with homozygous FH (HoFH) receive sub-optimal cholesterol-lowering treatments and do not attain recommended LDL-C goals, gaps being wider in lower income than higher income countries. In HeFH patients, men have a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease than women.Summary: The evolving data from FH registries provide real-world evidence for developing implementation strategies to address gaps across the continuum of care of FH worldwide.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From clinical development to real-world outcomes with inclisiran. 克利西兰从临床开发到实际应用结果

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000954

Derek L Connolly, Vinoda Sharma, Kausik K Ray

{"title":"From clinical development to real-world outcomes with inclisiran.","authors":"Derek L Connolly, Vinoda Sharma, Kausik K Ray","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000954","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000954","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Inclisiran is a small interfering RNA that blocks hepatocyte production of the PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) protein by specifically targeting PCKS9 mRNA in the cytoplasm. This results in reduced degradation of LDL receptors and thus lowers LDL cholesterol by around 50% in addition to other lipid-lowering therapies. beyond 6 years of therapy. This review covers the latest published data and outlines future studies currently in process.Recent findings: To date, half a million doses have been given worldwide with no untoward adverse events thus far. The twice-yearly injections make it potentially very user-friendly. The large phase 3a trials saw no diminution of effect with time up to nearly 7 years. Very large phase 3b randomized controlled trials are underway and may produce significant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events.Summary: Inclisiran has been evaluated in numerous trials, primarily the ORION 9 26 , ORION 10 27 and ORION 11 28 studies, which demonstrated that in patients already on maximally tolerated statin therapy, biannual inclisiran injections reduced LDL cholesterol by up to 52% compared to placebo with a good safety profile. The only observed side effects were mild and transient at the injection site. As mentioned in the accompanying video, this adds to our armamentarium of lipid treatments.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oral agents for lowering lipoprotein(a). 降低脂蛋白（a）的口服药物。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000953

Stephen J Nicholls, Adam J Nelson, Laura F Michael

{"title":"Oral agents for lowering lipoprotein(a).","authors":"Stephen J Nicholls, Adam J Nelson, Laura F Michael","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000953","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000953","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review the development of oral agents to lower Lp(a) levels as an approach to reducing cardiovascular risk, with a focus on recent advances in the field.Recent findings: Extensive evidence implicates Lp(a) in the causal pathway of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic stenosis. There are currently no therapies approved for lowering of Lp(a). The majority of recent therapeutic advances have focused on development of injectable agents that target RNA and inhibit synthesis of apo(a). Muvalaplin is the first, orally administered, small molecule inhibitor of Lp(a), which acts by disrupting binding of apo(a) and apoB, in clinical development. Nonhuman primate and early human studies have demonstrated the ability of muvalaplin to produce dose-dependent lowering of Lp(a). Ongoing clinical trials will evaluate the impact of muvalaplin in high cardiovascular risk and will ultimately need to determine whether this strategy lowers the rate of cardiovascular events.Summary: Muvalaplin is the first oral agent, developed to lower Lp(a) levels. The ability of muvalaplin to reduce cardiovascular risk remains to be investigated, in order to determine whether it will be a useful agent for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition: a pathway to reducing risk of morbidity and promoting longevity. 胆固醇酯转移蛋白抑制剂：降低发病风险和促进长寿的途径。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000955

Michael H Davidson, Andrew Hsieh, John J P Kastelein

{"title":"Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition: a pathway to reducing risk of morbidity and promoting longevity.","authors":"Michael H Davidson, Andrew Hsieh, John J P Kastelein","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000955","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000955","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review the evidence and describe the biological plausibility for the benefits of inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) on multiple organ systems through modification of lipoprotein metabolism.Recent findings: Results from observational studies, Mendelian randomization analyses, and randomized clinical trials support the potential of CETP inhibition to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk through a reduction of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. In contrast, raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, as previously hypothesized, did not contribute to ASCVD risk reduction. There is also an expanding body of evidence supporting the benefits of CETP inhibition for safeguarding against other conditions associated with aging, particularly new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and dementia, as well as age-related macular degeneration, septicemia, and possibly chronic kidney disease. The latter are likely mediated through improved functionality of the HDL particle, including its role on cholesterol efflux and antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.Summary: At present, there is robust clinical evidence to support the benefits of reducing CETP activity for ASCVD risk reduction, and plausibility exists for the promotion of longevity by reducing risks of several other conditions. An ongoing large clinical trial program of the latest potent CETP inhibitor, obicetrapib, is expected to provide further insight into CETP inhibition as a therapeutic target for these various conditions.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introductions. 编辑介绍。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000956

引用次数: 0

Are the lipid-lowering effects of incretin-based therapies relevant for cardiovascular benefit? 基于增量素的疗法的降脂效果与心血管益处相关吗？

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000949

Teba Alnima, Mark M Smits, Nordin M J Hanssen

{"title":"Are the lipid-lowering effects of incretin-based therapies relevant for cardiovascular benefit?","authors":"Teba Alnima, Mark M Smits, Nordin M J Hanssen","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000949","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000949","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review examines the impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on lipid profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity, crucial for optimizing cardiovascular risk management.Recent findings: GLP-1RAs affect lipid levels by reducing intestinal apolipoprotein B48 production and mesenteric lymph flow, while increasing catabolism of apolipoprotein B100. It remains unknown whether these effects are direct or indirect, but the improvements in lipid levels are strongly correlated to the drug-induced weight loss. Clinical trials demonstrate improvements in lipid profiles, with different effects per agent and dose. We deem it unlikely that improved lipid levels are sufficient to explain the beneficial effects of GLP-1RA on cardiovascular risk, especially given the improvement of many other risk factors (body weight, glycemic control, inflammation) while using these agents. Posthoc mediation analyses of large cardiovascular outcome trials may shed some light on the relative importance of each risk factor.Summary: GLP-1RAs improve lipid profiles in clinical trials, but their complete cardiovascular benefits likely involve multifactorial mechanisms beyond lipid modulation.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fibroblast growth factor 21: update on genetics and molecular biology. 成纤维细胞生长因子 21：遗传学和分子生物学的最新进展。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000960

Daniel R Barros, Robert A Hegele

{"title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21: update on genetics and molecular biology.","authors":"Daniel R Barros, Robert A Hegele","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000960","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Since its discovery, most research on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has focused on its antihyperglycemia properties. However, attention has recently shifted towards elucidating the ability of FGF21 to lower circulating lipid levels and ameliorate liver inflammation and steatosis. We here discuss the physiology of FGF21 and its role in lipid metabolism, with a focus on genetics, which has up until now not been fully appreciated.Recent findings: New developments have uncovered associations of common small-effect variants of the FGF21 gene, such as the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2548957 and rs838133, with numerous physiological, biochemical and behavioural phenotypes linked to energy metabolism and liver function. In addition, rare loss-of-function variants of the cellular receptors for FGF21 have been recently associated with severe endocrine and metabolic phenotypes. These associations corroborate the findings from basic studies and preliminary clinical investigations into the therapeutic potential of FGF21 for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and hypertriglyceridemia. Furthermore, recent breakthrough research has begun to dissect mechanisms of a potential FGF21 brain-adipose axis. Such inter-organ communication would be comparable to that seen with other potent metabolic hormones. A deeper understanding of FGF21 could prove to be further beneficial for drug development.Summary: FGF21 is a potent regulator of lipid and energy homeostasis and its physiology is currently at the centre of investigative efforts to develop agents targeting hypertriglyceridemia and MASLD.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinct roles of size-defined HDL subpopulations in cardiovascular disease. 高密度脂蛋白亚群在心血管疾病中的不同作用。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000959

W Sean Davidson, Tomas Vaisar, Jay W Heinecke, Karin E Bornfeldt

{"title":"Distinct roles of size-defined HDL subpopulations in cardiovascular disease.","authors":"W Sean Davidson, Tomas Vaisar, Jay W Heinecke, Karin E Bornfeldt","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000959","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Doubts about whether high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are causally related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk have stimulated research on identifying HDL-related metrics that might better reflect its cardioprotective functions. HDL is made up of different types of particles that vary in size, protein and lipid composition, and function. This review focuses on recent findings on the specific roles of HDL subpopulations defined by size in CVD.Recent findings: Small HDL particles are more effective than larger particles at promoting cellular cholesterol efflux because apolipoprotein A-I on their surface better engages ABCA1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1). In contrast, large HDL particles bind more effectively to scavenger receptor class B type 1 on endothelial cells, which helps prevent LDL from moving into the artery wall. The specific role of medium-sized HDL particles, the most abundant subpopulation, is still unclear.Summary: HDL is made up of subpopulations of different sizes of particles, with selective functional roles for small and large HDLs. The function of HDL may depend more on the size and composition of its subpopulations than on HDL-C levels. Further research is required to understand how these different HDL subpopulations influence the development of CVD.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complex actions of sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors on lipids, calcific atherosclerosis, and bone density. 钠葡萄糖转运体-2 抑制剂对血脂、钙化性动脉粥样硬化和骨密度的复杂作用。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000942

Stuti Pradhan, Sophia Kalanski, Yin Tintut, Linda L Demer

{"title":"Complex actions of sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors on lipids, calcific atherosclerosis, and bone density.","authors":"Stuti Pradhan, Sophia Kalanski, Yin Tintut, Linda L Demer","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000942","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000942","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) lower renal glucose reabsorption and, thus, are used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical trials coincidentally showed that SGLT2 inhibitors also benefitted patients with heart failure. This review explores the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on other aspects of cardiovascular disease and skeletal health.Recent findings: In some, but not all, clinical and preclinical studies, SGLT2 inhibitors are found to reduce serum levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides. Their effects on total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiac function also vary. However, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce lipid accumulation in the liver, kidney, and heart, and alter expression of lipid metabolism genes. Effects on free fatty acid uptake in abdominal fat depots depend on the location of adipose tissue. In male, but not female, mice, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the atherosclerotic lesions and aortic calcium deposition. With respect to skeletal health, recent literature has reported conflicting associations with the risks of fracture and amputation.Summary: Studies suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce tissue lipid accumulation, and in a sex-dependent manner, atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. However, their effects on lipid levels and bone health are complex and remain to be established.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0