Current opinion in lipidology最新文献

The potential of circulating nonesterified fatty acids and sphingolipids in the biological understanding of cognitive decline and dementia.

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000968

Kristine F Moseholm, Josefine T Meineche, Majken K Jensen

{"title":"The potential of circulating nonesterified fatty acids and sphingolipids in the biological understanding of cognitive decline and dementia.","authors":"Kristine F Moseholm, Josefine T Meineche, Majken K Jensen","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000968","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Cognitive decline and late-onset dementia pose significant challenges in aging societies, and many dementia cases could be prevented or delayed through modification of associated risk factors, many of which are tied to cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction. As individuals age, the blood-brain barrier becomes more permeable, easing the exchange of molecules between the bloodstream and the brain. Consequently, blood-based biological markers (so-called biomarkers) provide a minimally invasive and accessible means of accessing molecular changes associated with aging and neurodegeneration.Recent findings: Circulating free fatty acids, also called nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and sphingolipids are associated with cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and diabetes; thus, could be promising candidates as biomarkers for cognitive decline and dementia.Summary: The opportunity to study such minimally invasive biomarkers further opens up potential new avenues for improved understanding of the underlying biology of diseases of the brain.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Universal screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia: how can we maximise benefits and minimise potential harm for children and their families? 家族性高胆固醇血症的普遍筛查：如何最大限度地提高儿童及其家庭的受益程度，并最大限度地降低潜在危害。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000952

Uma Ramaswami, Lorraine Priestley-Barnham, Steve E Humphries

{"title":"Universal screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia: how can we maximise benefits and minimise potential harm for children and their families?","authors":"Uma Ramaswami, Lorraine Priestley-Barnham, Steve E Humphries","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000952","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000952","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Universal Screening programmes to identify subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) have been the subject of much recent interest. However, any screening programme can cause harm as well as having potential benefits. Here we review recent papers using different ages and strategies to identify subjects with FH, and examine to what extent the publications provide quantitative or qualitative evidence of benefit or harm to children and adults.Recent findings: Three studies have been published over the last 2 years where Universal Screening for FH has been carried out in infancy, at the time of routine vaccinations, or at preschool age. Next-generation sequencing of all known FH-causing genes has been used to determine the proportion of screened individuals, who have total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations above a predetermined threshold (such as >95th percentile), with genetically confirmed FH.Summary: While we fully support the concept of Universal Screening for FH, which appears feasible and of potential clinical utility at all of the different ages examined, there is little data to document potential benefit or how to mitigate potential harms. Future study protocols should include collection of such data to strengthen the case of roll out of Universal Screening programmes.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"268-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A contemporary snapshot of familial hypercholesterolemia registries. 家族性高胆固醇血症登记的现代快照。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000958

Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Jing Pang, Dick C Chan, Gerald F Watts

{"title":"A contemporary snapshot of familial hypercholesterolemia registries.","authors":"Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Jing Pang, Dick C Chan, Gerald F Watts","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000958","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000958","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) registries can capture unique data on FH concerning real-world practice, clinic epidemiology, natural history, cascade testing, cardiovascular consequences of late diagnosis, and use of healthcare resources. Such registries are also valuable for identifying and bridging the gaps between guidelines and clinical practice. We reviewed recent findings from the principal FH registries.Recent findings: Most adult patients with heterozygous FH (HeFH) are diagnosed late, undertreated, and do not reach guideline-recommended low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. In children and adolescents with HeFH, detection relies principally on genetic testing and measurement of LDL-C levels. Similarly, the majority of patients with homozygous FH (HoFH) receive sub-optimal cholesterol-lowering treatments and do not attain recommended LDL-C goals, gaps being wider in lower income than higher income countries. In HeFH patients, men have a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease than women.Summary: The evolving data from FH registries provide real-world evidence for developing implementation strategies to address gaps across the continuum of care of FH worldwide.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"35 6","pages":"297-302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From clinical development to real-world outcomes with inclisiran. 克利西兰从临床开发到实际应用结果

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000954

Derek L Connolly, Vinoda Sharma, Kausik K Ray

{"title":"From clinical development to real-world outcomes with inclisiran.","authors":"Derek L Connolly, Vinoda Sharma, Kausik K Ray","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000954","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000954","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Inclisiran is a small interfering RNA that blocks hepatocyte production of the PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) protein by specifically targeting PCKS9 mRNA in the cytoplasm. This results in reduced degradation of LDL receptors and thus lowers LDL cholesterol by around 50% in addition to other lipid-lowering therapies. beyond 6 years of therapy. This review covers the latest published data and outlines future studies currently in process.Recent findings: To date, half a million doses have been given worldwide with no untoward adverse events thus far. The twice-yearly injections make it potentially very user-friendly. The large phase 3a trials saw no diminution of effect with time up to nearly 7 years. Very large phase 3b randomized controlled trials are underway and may produce significant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events.Summary: Inclisiran has been evaluated in numerous trials, primarily the ORION 9 26 , ORION 10 27 and ORION 11 28 studies, which demonstrated that in patients already on maximally tolerated statin therapy, biannual inclisiran injections reduced LDL cholesterol by up to 52% compared to placebo with a good safety profile. The only observed side effects were mild and transient at the injection site. As mentioned in the accompanying video, this adds to our armamentarium of lipid treatments.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"281-289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oral agents for lowering lipoprotein(a). 降低脂蛋白（a）的口服药物。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000953

Stephen J Nicholls, Adam J Nelson, Laura F Michael

{"title":"Oral agents for lowering lipoprotein(a).","authors":"Stephen J Nicholls, Adam J Nelson, Laura F Michael","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000953","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000953","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review the development of oral agents to lower Lp(a) levels as an approach to reducing cardiovascular risk, with a focus on recent advances in the field.Recent findings: Extensive evidence implicates Lp(a) in the causal pathway of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic stenosis. There are currently no therapies approved for lowering of Lp(a). The majority of recent therapeutic advances have focused on development of injectable agents that target RNA and inhibit synthesis of apo(a). Muvalaplin is the first, orally administered, small molecule inhibitor of Lp(a), which acts by disrupting binding of apo(a) and apoB, in clinical development. Nonhuman primate and early human studies have demonstrated the ability of muvalaplin to produce dose-dependent lowering of Lp(a). Ongoing clinical trials will evaluate the impact of muvalaplin in high cardiovascular risk and will ultimately need to determine whether this strategy lowers the rate of cardiovascular events.Summary: Muvalaplin is the first oral agent, developed to lower Lp(a) levels. The ability of muvalaplin to reduce cardiovascular risk remains to be investigated, in order to determine whether it will be a useful agent for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"275-280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition: a pathway to reducing risk of morbidity and promoting longevity. 胆固醇酯转移蛋白抑制剂：降低发病风险和促进长寿的途径。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000955

Michael H Davidson, Andrew Hsieh, John J P Kastelein

{"title":"Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition: a pathway to reducing risk of morbidity and promoting longevity.","authors":"Michael H Davidson, Andrew Hsieh, John J P Kastelein","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000955","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000955","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review the evidence and describe the biological plausibility for the benefits of inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) on multiple organ systems through modification of lipoprotein metabolism.Recent findings: Results from observational studies, Mendelian randomization analyses, and randomized clinical trials support the potential of CETP inhibition to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk through a reduction of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. In contrast, raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, as previously hypothesized, did not contribute to ASCVD risk reduction. There is also an expanding body of evidence supporting the benefits of CETP inhibition for safeguarding against other conditions associated with aging, particularly new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and dementia, as well as age-related macular degeneration, septicemia, and possibly chronic kidney disease. The latter are likely mediated through improved functionality of the HDL particle, including its role on cholesterol efflux and antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.Summary: At present, there is robust clinical evidence to support the benefits of reducing CETP activity for ASCVD risk reduction, and plausibility exists for the promotion of longevity by reducing risks of several other conditions. An ongoing large clinical trial program of the latest potent CETP inhibitor, obicetrapib, is expected to provide further insight into CETP inhibition as a therapeutic target for these various conditions.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"35 6","pages":"303-309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introductions. 编辑介绍。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000956

引用次数: 0

Are the lipid-lowering effects of incretin-based therapies relevant for cardiovascular benefit? 基于增量素的疗法的降脂效果与心血管益处相关吗？

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000949

Teba Alnima, Mark M Smits, Nordin M J Hanssen

{"title":"Are the lipid-lowering effects of incretin-based therapies relevant for cardiovascular benefit?","authors":"Teba Alnima, Mark M Smits, Nordin M J Hanssen","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000949","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000949","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review examines the impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on lipid profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity, crucial for optimizing cardiovascular risk management.Recent findings: GLP-1RAs affect lipid levels by reducing intestinal apolipoprotein B48 production and mesenteric lymph flow, while increasing catabolism of apolipoprotein B100. It remains unknown whether these effects are direct or indirect, but the improvements in lipid levels are strongly correlated to the drug-induced weight loss. Clinical trials demonstrate improvements in lipid profiles, with different effects per agent and dose. We deem it unlikely that improved lipid levels are sufficient to explain the beneficial effects of GLP-1RA on cardiovascular risk, especially given the improvement of many other risk factors (body weight, glycemic control, inflammation) while using these agents. Posthoc mediation analyses of large cardiovascular outcome trials may shed some light on the relative importance of each risk factor.Summary: GLP-1RAs improve lipid profiles in clinical trials, but their complete cardiovascular benefits likely involve multifactorial mechanisms beyond lipid modulation.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atherogenic low-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular risk.

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000963

Javier Hernando-Redondo, Olga Castañer Niño, Montse Fitó

{"title":"Atherogenic low-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular risk.","authors":"Javier Hernando-Redondo, Olga Castañer Niño, Montse Fitó","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000963","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the review: Despite reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDLc), residual cardiovascular risk remains due to factors beyond lipoprotein levels, such as LDL particle count, size, electronegativity and modifications. Technological advances allow detailed profiling of LDL particles, offering potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the state of knowledge in the field of LDL atherosclerotic role, which is evolving rapidly due to technological advances in biomarker measurement and applications.Recent findings: While small dense LDL has been linked to increased CVD risk, current approaches favor a comprehensive evaluation of all lipoprotein subtypes, as this is a more feasible and standardized method. The atherogenic potential of circulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL) may be the key factor in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Thus, elevated oxLDL levels are recognized as a marker of increased CVD risk in both general and high-risk populations, although further research is needed to clarify some conflicting findings. The oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) has emerged as a promising target for immunotherapy and innovative drug delivery strategies to modulate atherosclerosis.Summary: A panel of biomarkers related to LDL atherogenicity may help predict future ischemic events. An atheroprotective diet and increased physical activity could improve LDL oxidation. OxLDL has become a target for immunomodulatory antiatherosclerosis therapy and delivering LDL-based nanocarriers holds promise for both imaging and therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: does novel proteomics reveal immunological possible candidate biomarkers?

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000965

Marie Winther, Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel, Steffen Ullitz Thorsen

{"title":"Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: does novel proteomics reveal immunological possible candidate biomarkers?","authors":"Marie Winther, Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel, Steffen Ullitz Thorsen","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000965","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the review: The aim of this review is to explore a possible link between immunological candidate proteins, identified through modern proteomic techniques, and preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR).Recent findings: Proteomics has become a promising tool in the search for disease pathways, drug targets, and biomarkers. PE and FGR are adverse pregnancy complications with supposed immunological involvement in their pathogenesis, but no circulating immunological biomarkers are currently established for diagnosis and risk stratification. Several proteomic studies have aimed to identify PE and FGR biomarkers - often with varying results across studies. However, proteomics has revealed altered expression of human leukocyte antigen-I in PE cases, which is supported in Genome-wide association study (GWAS) studies. Proteomic results support the heterogeneous nature of PE by identification of molecular subgroups - including subgroups characterized by immune-related proteins e.g. CXCL10. No specific immunological markers are found on FGR, but differences in overall plasma proteomic signature have been suggested.Summary: Proteomics certainly holds great potential. The immunological component in PE and FGR are still unclarified, but improvements in proteomic technologies may provide both definition of disease subgroups and subsequent discovery of biomarkers and targeted analysis within each subgroup.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0