Current opinion in lipidology最新文献_第2页

The intestine and cardiovascular disease. 肠道和心血管疾病。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000001001

Samuel C Delk, Srinivasa T Reddy, Alan M Fogelman

{"title":"The intestine and cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Samuel C Delk, Srinivasa T Reddy, Alan M Fogelman","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000001001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000001001","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: A review of recent publications demonstrating the important role of the intestine in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.Recent findings: At baseline (≥ 6 months since myocardial infarction), the pattern of fecal microbiota and blood LPS levels after a meal predicted risk for new major adverse cardiovascular events over the next 7 years. In intestine, tryptophan is metabolized primarily by the kynurenine pathway, which is regulated by the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). Tryptophan flow into the kynurenine pathway limits its availability for the formation of microbiota-derived indole derivatives including butyrate, and limits availability of tryptophan for the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) pathway. Feeding Ldlr-/- mice a high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFD+HCD) increased intestinal IDO1 activity, decreased levels of tryptophan, fecal butyrate, and 5-HT. Ldlr-/- mice deficient in intestinal Ido1 (Ldlr-/-Ido1-/-) on HFD+HCD had increased intestinal levels of 5-HT, increased gut permeability, increased gut inflammation, increased LPS, and increased aortic atherosclerosis. Ldlr-/- mice fed HFD+HCD and treated with a 5-HT pathway inhibitor had increased fecal indole levels, improved gut-barrier, increased antimicrobial peptide levels, and decreased aortic atherosclerosis without a change in plasma cholesterol.Summary: These studies demonstrate the importance of microbiota-derived products and intestinal tryptophan metabolism in atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond cholesterol: linking the conformation of apolipoprotein B to atherogenesis. 胆固醇之外：将载脂蛋白B的构象与动脉粥样硬化联系起来。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000997

Katariina Öörni, Martina B Lorey

{"title":"Beyond cholesterol: linking the conformation of apolipoprotein B to atherogenesis.","authors":"Katariina Öörni, Martina B Lorey","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000997","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review integrates recent structural and biochemical insights into apolipoprotein B (apoB) containing lipoproteins to highlight how factors beyond cholesterol levels contribute to atherosclerosis.Recent findings: Emerging evidence demonstrates that the atherogenic potential of apoB-containing lipoproteins varies substantially both between and within lipoprotein classes. Recent studies using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy, crosslinking mass spectrometry, and computational modeling reveal that even subtle differences in lipoprotein composition, particle size, and lipid spatial organization can significantly alter the conformation and dynamic behavior of apoB on the particle surface. These conformational shifts influence a variety of lipoprotein characteristics such as the stability of the particle, their ability to interact with receptors and enzymes, and their proatherogenic potential as measured by the propensity of lipoproteins to bind to proteoglycans of the arterial wall or to undergo modification and aggregation.Summary: In this review, we discuss how novel structural and functional information can refine our understanding of the distinct properties of apoB-containing lipoproteins and their role in atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation. Understanding of the specific features related to the proatherogenic behavior of the lipoproteins helps in understanding the complexities of atherogenesis and cardiovascular risk beyond cholesterol.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinct roles of size-defined HDL subpopulations in cardiovascular disease. 高密度脂蛋白亚群在心血管疾病中的不同作用。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000959

W Sean Davidson, Tomas Vaisar, Jay W Heinecke, Karin E Bornfeldt

{"title":"Distinct roles of size-defined HDL subpopulations in cardiovascular disease.","authors":"W Sean Davidson, Tomas Vaisar, Jay W Heinecke, Karin E Bornfeldt","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000959","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000959","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Doubts about whether high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are causally related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk have stimulated research on identifying HDL-related metrics that might better reflect its cardioprotective functions. HDL is made up of different types of particles that vary in size, protein and lipid composition, and function. This review focuses on recent findings on the specific roles of HDL subpopulations defined by size in CVD.Recent findings: Small HDL particles are more effective than larger particles at promoting cellular cholesterol efflux because apolipoprotein A-I on their surface better engages ABCA1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1). In contrast, large HDL particles bind more effectively to scavenger receptor class B type 1 on endothelial cells, which helps prevent LDL from moving into the artery wall. The specific role of medium-sized HDL particles, the most abundant subpopulation, is still unclear.Summary: HDL is made up of subpopulations of different sizes of particles, with selective functional roles for small and large HDLs. The function of HDL may depend more on the size and composition of its subpopulations than on HDL-C levels. Further research is required to understand how these different HDL subpopulations influence the development of CVD.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000985

引用次数: 0

Emerging agents targeting triglycerides. 针对甘油三酯的新兴药物。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000979

Yash Prakash, Deepak L Bhatt, Waqas A Malick

{"title":"Emerging agents targeting triglycerides.","authors":"Yash Prakash, Deepak L Bhatt, Waqas A Malick","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000979","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000979","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), which arises from defects in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from pancreatitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Traditional therapies, including fibrates and omega-3 fatty acids, have shown limited efficacy in controlling triglyceride (TG) levels and cardiovascular risk. This review explores the role of emerging therapies that target TG and TRL metabolism via novel biochemical pathways.Recent findings: Apolipoprotein C-III inhibitors appear most effective for patients with variants of severe HTG, particularly multifactorial and familial chylomicronemia syndromes, by enhancing TRL metabolism through both lipoprotein lipase-dependent and independent mechanisms. Angiopoeitin-like proteins 3 and 4 inhibitors appear most useful for mixed hyperlipidemia, with favorable effects across the entire spectrum of apoB-containing atherogenic lipoproteins. For patients with HTG and concomitant complications of insulin resistance, including metabolic associated steatotic liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, fibroblast growth factor-21 analogs may provide significant benefit.Summary: HTG is a diverse condition. Apolipoprotein C-III inhibitors, angiopoeitin-like proteins 3 and 4 inhibitors, and fibroblast growth factor-21 analogs represent significant advancements in the treatment of HTG, offering new hope for effectively managing this condition across its full spectrum of disease.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"119-129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alveolar macrophages: guardians of the alveolar lipid galaxy. 肺泡巨噬细胞：肺泡脂质星系的守护者。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000987

Isaiah Little, Stephanie Bersie, Elizabeth F Redente, Alexandra L McCubbrey, Elizabeth J Tarling

{"title":"Alveolar macrophages: guardians of the alveolar lipid galaxy.","authors":"Isaiah Little, Stephanie Bersie, Elizabeth F Redente, Alexandra L McCubbrey, Elizabeth J Tarling","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000987","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000987","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: As the primary guardians at the air-surface interface, the functional profile of alveolar macrophages (AM) is wide-ranging from establishment of the alveolar niche, homeostatic maintenance of surfactant levels, to pathogen clearance and resolution and repair processes. Alveolar lipid homeostasis is disturbed in chronic lung diseases and contributes to disease pathogenesis through extracellular localization in the alveolar lumen or intracellular accumulation in AM. This review aims to provide a focused overview of the state of knowledge of AM, their ontogeny and development during health and disease, and how dysregulated AM lipids play a key role in disease processes, from initiation to resolution.Recent findings: While lipid-laden macrophages are observed across a broad spectrum of lung diseases, their occurrence has largely been considered consequential. Recent advances in lipidomic profiling of single cell types has revealed that disturbances to lipid homeostasis occur early in disease in tissue-resident cells. Comparisons between inflammatory and fibrotic injury models reveal specific alveolar macrophage subsets with different lipid utilization that contribute to the disease process.Summary: Understanding the intricate web of AM population seeding and development and how this niche is perturbed by lipid disturbances may help provide leverage for new interventions.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"153-162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The intracellular chylomicron highway: novel insights into chylomicron biosynthesis, trafficking, and secretion. 细胞内乳糜微粒高速公路：对乳糜微粒生物合成、运输和分泌的新见解。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000983

Ankia Visser, M Mahmood Hussain, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven

{"title":"The intracellular chylomicron highway: novel insights into chylomicron biosynthesis, trafficking, and secretion.","authors":"Ankia Visser, M Mahmood Hussain, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000983","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000983","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Chylomicron biosynthesis plays a vital role in supplying essential lipids and lipid soluble vitamins to peripheral tissues for various functions. Despite this, the intracellular synthesis, trafficking, and secretion of chylomicrons remains only partly understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of established proteins in this process and bring attention to recently identified proteins to provide an up-to-date model of chylomicron biosynthesis.Recent findings: Recently, several proteins have been shown to play a role in the initial formation and lipidation of chylomicrons at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which include: TM6SF2, PLA2G12B, PRAP1, and SURF4. In addition, mitochondria have been implicated in chylomicron metabolism, but mechanistic insight is missing. The trafficking of chylomicrons from the ER to the Golgi, and the subsequent trafficking from the Golgi to the basolateral side of enterocytes, however, remains a mystery.Summary: Progress in the chylomicron biosynthesis field is largely associated with findings in VLDL biosynthesis. In addition, increased insight in events after prechylomicrons leave the ER is needed. Given the important role of chylomicron biosynthesis in whole-body lipid metabolism, further research into the molecular mechanisms is warranted.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The need for national and international registries of patients with elevated lipoprotein(a). 对脂蛋白升高患者进行国家和国际登记的必要性(a)。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000982

Adam I Kramer, Iulia Iatan, Liam R Brunham

引用次数: 0

Familial hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy. 妊娠期家族性高胆固醇血症。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000980

Fahad Alnouri, Frederick J Raal

{"title":"Familial hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy.","authors":"Fahad Alnouri, Frederick J Raal","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000980","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000980","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), particularly those with homozygous FH (HoFH) who have markedly elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels from birth, present with unique complications during pregnancy. This review explores the complexities of FH care during pregnancy.Recent findings: The worldwide burden of FH is much greater than previously thought. Still, underdiagnosis and undertreatment are substantial, necessitating increased awareness, genetic screening efforts, and better access to diagnostic tools. Although there is guidance for implementing best practices in the care of FH, including pregnancy, currently, there are no evidence-based guidelines that address HoFH at the time of pregnancy planning or during pregnancy and lactation.Summary: FH management in pregnancy requires a reasonable balance between fetal safety and maternal LDL-C control. Discontinuing lipid-lowering medication during pregnancy and the postpartum period needs to be considered, and in severe cases, lipoprotein apheresis may be an appropriate substitute. Comprehensive patient care requires coordination by genetic counselors, cardiologists, lipidologists, and obstetricians. The management of HoFH in pregnancy requires further research efforts, enhancement of public knowledge, and worldwide cooperation. By focusing on these areas, we can make significant progress in diagnostics and develop efficient management plans for improving outcomes among pregnant women with HoFH.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic advances in the Lp(a) battle: what do we know and what are the most awaited novelties in the field? Lp(a)之战的治疗进展：我们知道什么？该领域最令人期待的新奇事物是什么？

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000981

Marc Jean-Gilles, Baris Gencer

{"title":"Therapeutic advances in the Lp(a) battle: what do we know and what are the most awaited novelties in the field?","authors":"Marc Jean-Gilles, Baris Gencer","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000981","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000981","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review the latest advances in lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] treatment, focusing on the impact of currently available lipid-lowering therapies and highlighting the highly anticipated and most developed RNA-based therapies.Recent findings: Lp(a) is a key genetically determined cardiovascular risk modifier linked to myocardial infarction and calcific aortic stenosis development and progression. Conventional lipid-lowering therapies have no substantial effect on circulating Lp(a) levels, leading current guidelines to focus on managing traditional cardiovascular risk factors. New therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, target Lipoprotein(A) [LPA] gene translation to reduce apo(a) synthesis and Lp(a) particles formation. The most advanced candidates, pelacarsen, olpasiran, and lepodisiran, have shown promising Lp(a) reductions, ranging from -35% to -101% in Phase 1 and 2 trials. Phase 3 studies will clarify their effects on cardiovascular outcomes and address concerns about extremely low Lp(a) levels and safety.Summary: The RNA-based agents pelacarsen, olpasiran, and lepodisiran represent the most advanced developments in this field. Ongoing Phase 3 trials, expected to be finalized between 2025 and 2029, will be crucial in determining their efficacy in improving cardiovascular outcomes and their safety profiles.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"130-137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0