Current opinion in lipidology最新文献_第2页

Genetics of remnant cholesterol. 残余胆固醇的遗传学。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000991

Anders B Wulff, Børge G Nordestgaard

{"title":"Genetics of remnant cholesterol.","authors":"Anders B Wulff, Børge G Nordestgaard","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000991","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Remnant cholesterol is receiving increasing attention as a target to reduce residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in individuals already treated with statins. New therapeutic options as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, and monoclonal antibodies allow specific targeting of genes and proteins to counter pathological pathways promoted by these genes. Identifying genetic determinants of remnant cholesterol and relating these to risk of ASCVD is thus an appealing path to identifying and evaluating new and existing drug targets.Recent findings: Human genetic epidemiology has identified several genetic variants in genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism with effect on plasma concentrations of remnant cholesterol. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is central to the metabolism of remnant lipoproteins and plasma concentrations of remnant cholesterol, and several genes, including APOC3, ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4, whose gene products regulate activity of LPL, are important determinants of remnant cholesterol.Summary: Current opinion is that remnant cholesterol is a likely causal factor in the development of ASCVD. Human genetic studies have identified several genes, many involved in LPL function, affecting remnant cholesterol concentrations, some of which are already used as therapeutic targets, and others which are subject to investigation of their remnant cholesterol and triglyceride-lowering effect in clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The lipid-heart hypothesis from the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases. 七国心血管疾病研究中的脂质-心脏假说。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000993

Alessandro Menotti, Paolo Emilio Puddu

{"title":"The lipid-heart hypothesis from the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Alessandro Menotti, Paolo Emilio Puddu","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000993","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To summarize and comment recent analyses from the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases (SCS) on the role of Atherogenicity (ATI) and Thrombogenicity (THI) indexes (created by combining several types of dietary fatty acids) in predicting major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mainly coronary heart disease (CHD) mortalities in a long follow-up observation of ecological procedures involving 16 cohorts of middle-aged men.Recent findings: In a chain of steps, a dietary score [Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI)] was inversely correlated with the ATI (R = -0.91). ATI directly correlated with serum cholesterol (R = +0.73) and serum cholesterol directly correlated with 50-year CHD mortality (R = +0.78). Moreover, MAI was inversely correlated (R = -0.91) and ATI was directly correlated with CHD mortality (R = +0.93). THI produced comparable results. In 10 cohorts reaching the extinction after 60 years of follow-up, results were similar. The same dietary and metabolic indicators were instead unrelated to other major types of CVD fatalities (heart diseases of uncertain etiology and stroke) or even inverse.Summary: ATI and THI indices assembled by pooling several types of dietary fatty acids are strongly associated with long-term CHD mortality but not with other major CVD types.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Achilles tendon on diagnosis and phenotypes of familial hypercholesterolemia. 跟腱对家族性高胆固醇血症的诊断和表型的影响。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000992

Hayato Tada, Atsushi Nohara, Masa-Aki Kawashiri, Masayuki Takamura

引用次数: 0

Safety and effectiveness of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition: an updated review. 蛋白转化酶subtilisin/kexin 9型抑制的安全性和有效性：最新综述

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000988

Konstantinos Pamporis, Paschalis Karakasis, Dimitrios Tsiachris

{"title":"Safety and effectiveness of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition: an updated review.","authors":"Konstantinos Pamporis, Paschalis Karakasis, Dimitrios Tsiachris","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000988","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To summarize the recent literature on the effectiveness and safety of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and mitigating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk.Recent findings: PCSK9i demonstrated considerable benefits in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Within an intensive lipid-lowering strategy (\"strike early-strike strong\"), these agents were associated with improved outcomes, primarily through LDL-C reductions and atheromatous plaque regression and stabilization, particularly in multivessel disease. In heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, significant LDL-C reductions were noted for alirocumab (-43.3%) and lerodalcibep (-58.6%), while in homozygous hypercholesterolemia, lerodalcibep (-4.9%) and inclisiran (-1.68%) were ineffective, with evolocumab demonstrating a superior -10.3% LDL-C reduction. PCSK9i exhibit a favorable safety profile and high adherence rates; nevertheless, concerns have been raised in patients with respiratory comorbidities and during pregnancy. Additionally, challenges like high costs and complex authorization procedures limit their widespread implementation. Clinicians should also be mindful of the potential discontinuation of concurrent lipid-lowering therapies following PCSK9i initiation.Summary: PCSK9i remain integral in ASCVD risk reduction, given their potent LDL-C-lowering effects, all while maintaining a favorable safety profile. The greatest benefits are observed in patients with AMI, particularly in multivessel disease. Despite high adherence, broader utilization is hindered by persistent challenges, including costs and complex authorization processes.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can small dense LDL cholesterol be estimated from the lipid profile? 小密度低密度脂蛋白胆固醇可以从脂质谱估计吗？

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000989

Tatsuya Sato, Marenao Tanaka, Masato Furuhashi

{"title":"Can small dense LDL cholesterol be estimated from the lipid profile?","authors":"Tatsuya Sato, Marenao Tanaka, Masato Furuhashi","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000989","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is recognized for its strong atherosclerogenic potential. However, its direct measurement remains impractical in clinical settings due to its high cost, time constraints, and labor-intensive nature. This review discusses the benefits and limitations of estimating sdLDL-C using conventional lipid fractions, highlighting recent advancements in estimation methods.Recent findings: Sampson et al. proposed a novel equation for estimating sdLDL-C based on conventional lipid parameters, offering a more accessible alternative to direct measurement. Recent studies, including ours, demonstrated that this estimation method achieves sufficiently high accuracy for overall application. However, its accuracy can be improved by incorporating machine learning. Furthermore, sdLDL-C estimated by Sampson's equation has been shown to be a superior risk marker for hypertension, an intermediate phenotype of atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease, a major cardiovascular event, compared to conventional lipid profiles alone, although further research is needed to determine whether estimated sdLDL-C is equivalent to directly measured sdLDL-C in risk assessment.Summary: Estimated sdLDL-C presents a promising alternative to direct measurement. While estimated sdLDL-C levels can serve a risk marker for cardiovascular diseases, further research is needed to refine estimation models and explore their integration into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is the phenotype of heterozygous lipoprotein lipase deficiency? 杂合脂蛋白脂肪酶缺乏症的表型是什么？

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000974

Robert A Hegele

{"title":"What is the phenotype of heterozygous lipoprotein lipase deficiency?","authors":"Robert A Hegele","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000974","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Genetic testing of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia often identifies a single heterozygous pathogenic variant in the LPL gene. The complex and variable phenotype associated with this genotype is the topic of this review.Recent findings: Previous research showed that heterozygosity for lipoprotein lipase deficiency is associated with reduced but variable post heparin lipolytic activity alongside inconsistent plasma lipid phenotypes ranging from normal to mild-to-moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia. Recent research confirms and extends these observations, showing that a heterozygous individual can express a highly variable phenotype over time, depending on the presence of secondary factors. About 10% (range 8-20%) of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome are heterozygous for a rare pathogenic LPL variant, and a clinically relevant minority of these has recalcitrant or sustained hypertriglyceridemia.Summary: Heterozygosity for lipoprotein lipase deficiency predisposes to hypertriglyceridemia, which is sometimes severe depending on secondary factors, but is typically quite responsive to routine interventions such as diet, lifestyle and existing lipid-lowering therapies. However, many heterozygotes for pathogenic variants in LPL have completely normal plasma lipids.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"36 2","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11888829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Translating genetics into clinical practice plus nonmainstream thoughts on lipoprotein(a). 将遗传学转化为临床实践，加上对脂蛋白的非主流看法(a)。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000972

Robert A Hegele

引用次数: 0

The breadth and impact of the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. 全球脂质遗传学联合会的范围和影响。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000966

Jacqueline S Dron, Pradeep Natarajan, Gina M Peloso

{"title":"The breadth and impact of the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium.","authors":"Jacqueline S Dron, Pradeep Natarajan, Gina M Peloso","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000966","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000966","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review highlights contributions of the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC) in advancing the understanding of the genetic etiology of blood lipid traits, including total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol. We emphasize the consortium's collaborative efforts, discoveries related to lipid and lipoprotein biology, methodological advancements, and utilization in areas extending beyond lipid research.Recent findings: The GLGC has identified over 923 genomic loci associated with lipid traits through genome-wide association studies (GWASs), involving more than 1.65 million individuals from globally diverse populations. Many loci have been functionally validated by individuals inside and outside the GLGC community. Recent GLGC studies show increased population diversity enhances variant discovery, fine-mapping of causal loci, and polygenic score prediction for blood lipid levels. Moreover, publicly available GWAS summary statistics have facilitated the exploration of lipid-related genetic influences on cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases, with implications for therapeutic development and drug repurposing.Summary: The GLGC has significantly advanced the understanding of the genetic basis of lipid levels and serves as the leading resource of GWAS summary statistics for these traits. Continued collaboration will be critical to further understand lipid and lipoprotein biology through large-scale genetic assessments in diverse populations.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11888832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic determinants of pancreatitis risk in hypertriglyceridemia. 高甘油三酯血症胰腺炎风险的遗传决定因素。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000962

Martine Paquette, Simon-Pierre Guay, Alexis Baass

{"title":"Genetic determinants of pancreatitis risk in hypertriglyceridemia.","authors":"Martine Paquette, Simon-Pierre Guay, Alexis Baass","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000962","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000962","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: In recent years, studies have shed light on the concept of risk heterogeneity among patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Several clinical risk factors for acute pancreatitis have been identified in this population, but the importance of different genetic factors above and beyond triglyceride concentration remains unclear. This review endeavours to summarize recent developments in this field.Recent findings: Recent studies suggest that the molecular basis of severe HTG (polygenic susceptibility vs. rare pathogenic variants) can modulate the risk of acute pancreatitis independently of triglyceride level. Furthermore, a pancreatitis polygenic risk score has been developed and validated using data from the largest GWAS meta-analysis of acute pancreatitis published to date. In patients with severe HTG, a high polygenic susceptibility for pancreatitis was associated with a three-fold increased risk of acute pancreatitis compared with those with a lower polygenic risk score.Summary: In the past months, there have been substantial advances in understanding the prediction of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe HTG. However, further efforts at developing risk-stratification strategies and predictive models may help identifying the patients who would benefit most from early and effective interventions to reduce the risk of pancreatitis, including treatment with APOC3 inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inflammation in atherosclerosis: a Big Idea that has underperformed so far. 动脉粥样硬化中的炎症：一个迄今为止表现不佳的大想法。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000973

Kevin Jon Williams

{"title":"Inflammation in atherosclerosis: a Big Idea that has underperformed so far.","authors":"Kevin Jon Williams","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000973","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000973","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: For many years, inflammation has been a major concept in basic research on atherosclerosis and in the development of potential diagnostic tools and treatments. The purpose of this review is to assess the performance of this concept with an emphasis on recent clinical trials. In addition, contemporary literature may help identify new therapeutic targets, particularly in the context of the treatment of early, rather than end-stage, arterial disease.Recent findings: Newly reported clinical trials cast doubt on the efficacy of colchicine, the sole anti-inflammatory agent currently approved for use in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). New analyses also challenge the hypothesis that residual ASCVD event risk after optimal management of lipids, blood pressure, and smoking arises primarily from residual inflammatory risk. Current clinical practice to initiate interventions so late in the course of atherosclerotic arterial disease may be a better explanation. Lipid-lowering therapy in early atherosclerosis, possibly combined with novel add-on agents to specifically accelerate resolution of maladaptive inflammation, may be more fruitful than the conventional approach of testing immunosuppressive strategies in end-stage arterial disease. Also discussed is the ongoing revolution in noninvasive technologies to image the arterial wall. These technologies are changing screening, diagnosis, and treatment of atherosclerosis, including early and possibly reversable disease.Summary: The burden of proof that the Big Idea of inflammation in atherosclerosis has clinical value remains the responsibility of its advocates. This responsibility requires convincing trial data but still seems largely unmet. Unfortunately, the focus on inflammation as the source of residual ASCVD event risk has distracted us from the need to screen and treat earlier.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11888836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0