The intracellular chylomicron highway: novel insights into chylomicron biosynthesis, trafficking, and secretion.

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000983

Ankia Visser, M Mahmood Hussain, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: Chylomicron biosynthesis plays a vital role in supplying essential lipids and lipid soluble vitamins to peripheral tissues for various functions. Despite this, the intracellular synthesis, trafficking, and secretion of chylomicrons remains only partly understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of established proteins in this process and bring attention to recently identified proteins to provide an up-to-date model of chylomicron biosynthesis.

Recent findings: Recently, several proteins have been shown to play a role in the initial formation and lipidation of chylomicrons at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which include: TM6SF2, PLA2G12B, PRAP1, and SURF4. In addition, mitochondria have been implicated in chylomicron metabolism, but mechanistic insight is missing. The trafficking of chylomicrons from the ER to the Golgi, and the subsequent trafficking from the Golgi to the basolateral side of enterocytes, however, remains a mystery.

Summary: Progress in the chylomicron biosynthesis field is largely associated with findings in VLDL biosynthesis. In addition, increased insight in events after prechylomicrons leave the ER is needed. Given the important role of chylomicron biosynthesis in whole-body lipid metabolism, further research into the molecular mechanisms is warranted.

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细胞内乳糜微粒高速公路：对乳糜微粒生物合成、运输和分泌的新见解。

综述目的：乳糜微粒的生物合成在为外周组织提供必需的脂质和脂溶性维生素方面起着至关重要的作用。尽管如此，细胞内乳糜微粒的合成、运输和分泌仍然只是部分了解。本文的目的是总结已建立的蛋白质在这一过程中的作用，并对最近发现的蛋白质进行关注，以提供最新的乳糜微粒生物合成模型。最近的发现：最近，一些蛋白质被证明在内质网（ER）乳糜微粒的初始形成和脂化中起作用，其中包括：TM6SF2， PLA2G12B， PRAP1和SURF4。此外，线粒体也与乳糜微粒代谢有关，但其机制尚不清楚。然而，乳糜微粒从内质网转运到高尔基体，以及随后从高尔基体转运到肠细胞的基底外侧，仍然是一个谜。乳糜微粒生物合成领域的进展在很大程度上与VLDL生物合成的发现有关。此外，需要增加对乳糜微粒离开ER后事件的洞察力。鉴于乳糜微粒生物合成在全身脂质代谢中的重要作用，进一步研究其分子机制是有必要的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current opinion in lipidology 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

4.50%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： With its easy-to-digest reviews on important advances in world literature, Current Opinion in Lipidology offers expert evaluation on a wide range of topics from six key disciplines including nutrition and metabolism, genetics and molecular biology, and hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular disease. Published bimonthly, each issue covers in detail the most pertinent advances in these fields from the previous year. This is supplemented by a section of Bimonthly Updates, which deliver an insight into new developments at the cutting edge of the disciplines covered in the journal.