Current opinion in lipidology最新文献_第7页

Pancreatic and cardiometabolic complications of severe hypertriglyceridaemia. 严重高甘油三酯血症的胰腺和心脏代谢并发症。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000939

Bilal Bashir, Maryam Ferdousi, Paul Durrington, Handrean Soran

{"title":"Pancreatic and cardiometabolic complications of severe hypertriglyceridaemia.","authors":"Bilal Bashir, Maryam Ferdousi, Paul Durrington, Handrean Soran","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000939","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000939","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review endeavours to explore the aetiopathogenesis and impact of severe hypertriglyceridemia (SHTG) and chylomicronaemia on cardiovascular, and pancreatic complications and summarizes the novel pharmacological options for management.Recent findings: SHTG, although rare, presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Familial chylomicronaemia syndrome (FCS), is the rare monogenic form of SHTG, associated with increased acute pancreatitis (AP) risk, whereas relatively common multifactorial chylomicronaemia syndrome (MCS) leans more towards cardiovascular complications. Despite the introduction and validation of the FCS Score, FCS continues to be underdiagnosed and diagnosis is often delayed. Longitudinal data on disease progression remains scant. SHTG-induced AP remains a life-threatening concern, with conservative treatment as the cornerstone while blood purification techniques offer limited additional benefit. Conventional lipid-lowering medications exhibit minimal efficacy, underscoring the growing interest in novel therapeutic avenues, that is, antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) and angiopoietin-like protein 3 and/or 8 (ANGPTL3/8).Summary: Despite advancements in understanding the genetic basis and pathogenesis of SHTG, diagnostic and therapeutic challenges persist. The rarity of FCS and the heterogenous phenotype of MCS underscore the need for the development of predictive models for complications and tailored personalized treatment strategies. The establishment of national and international registries is advocated to augment disease comprehension and identify high-risk individuals.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"208-218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11224574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9-inhibition across different patient populations. 不同患者群体中的 9 型枯草蛋白酶/kexin 抑制剂。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000935

Paulina Elena Stürzebecher, Ulrich Laufs

{"title":"Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9-inhibition across different patient populations.","authors":"Paulina Elena Stürzebecher, Ulrich Laufs","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000935","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000935","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) have been established in cardiovascular risk prevention. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors across different patient populations.Recent findings: Long-term data on the use of evolocumab and alirocumab shows persisting low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering and good tolerability. PCSK9 inhibitors are effective and safe in both sexes, in pediatric patients as well as in the elderly. Initiation of PCSK9 mAb during acute myocardial infarction is safe and leads to beneficial morphological plaque changes. The PCSK9 inhibitors evolocumab, alirocumab and inclisiran lower LDL-C in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), while the response of patients with homozygous FH is heterogeneous. New areas of application beyond lipid lowering are currently investigated.Summary: PCSK9 inhibitors are safe, well tolerated, and effective in primary and secondary prevention in a wide range of patient populations.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140317986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paraoxonase 1: evolution of the enzyme and of its role in protecting against atherosclerosis. 副氧合酶 1：该酶的演变及其在防止动脉粥样硬化方面的作用。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000936

Paul Durrington, Handrean Soran

{"title":"Paraoxonase 1: evolution of the enzyme and of its role in protecting against atherosclerosis.","authors":"Paul Durrington, Handrean Soran","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000936","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000936","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review the discoveries which led to the concept that serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is inversely related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) incidence, how this association came to be regarded as causal and how such a role might have evolved.Recent findings: Animal models suggest a causal link between PON1 present on HDL and atherosclerosis. Serum PON1 activity predicts ASCVD with a similar reliability to HDL cholesterol, but at the extremes of high and low HDL cholesterol, there is discordance with PON1 being potentially more accurate. The paraoxonase gene family has its origins in the earliest life forms. Its greatest hydrolytic activity is towards lactones and organophosphates, both of which can be generated in the natural environment. It is active towards a wide range of substrates and thus its conservation may have resulted from improved survival of species facing a variety of evolutionary challenges.Summary: Protection against ASCVD is likely to be the consequence of some promiscuous activity of PON1, but nonetheless has the potential for exploitation to improve risk prediction and prevention of ASCVD.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11224571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Altered lipid metabolism and the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. 脂质代谢改变与代谢相关性脂肪肝的发展。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000933

Christy Foster, Charles A Gagnon, Ambika P Ashraf

{"title":"Altered lipid metabolism and the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.","authors":"Christy Foster, Charles A Gagnon, Ambika P Ashraf","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000933","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000933","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: An increasing amount of research has underscored the significant role of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This comprehensive review examines the intricate relationship between lipoprotein abnormalities and the development of MAFLD.Recent findings: Atherogenic dyslipidemia seen in insulin resistance states play a significant role in initiating and exacerbating hepatic lipid accumulation. There are also specific genetic factors ( PNPLA3 , TM6SF2 , MBOAT7 , HSD17B13 , GCKR- P446L) and transcription factors (SREBP-2, FXR, and LXR9) that increase susceptibility to both lipoprotein disorders and MAFLD. Most monogenic primary lipid disorders do not cause hepatic steatosis unless accompanied by metabolic stress. Hepatic steatosis occurs in the presence of secondary systemic metabolic stress in conjunction with predisposing environmental factors that lead to insulin resistance. Identifying specific aberrant lipoprotein metabolic factors promoting hepatic fat accumulation and subsequently exacerbating steatohepatitis will shed light on potential targets for therapeutic interventions.Summary: The clinical implications of interconnection between genetic factors and an insulin resistant environment that predisposes MAFLD is many fold. Potential therapeutic strategies in preventing or mitigating MAFLD progression include lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and emerging therapies targeting aberrant lipoprotein metabolism.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"200-207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000941

引用次数: 0

ANGPTL3 and ApoC-III inhibitors for treating hypertriglyceridemia in context: horses for courses? 用于治疗高甘油三酯血症的 ANGPTL3 和 ApoC-III 抑制剂的背景：马到成功？

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000920

Dick C Chan, Gerald F Watts

{"title":"ANGPTL3 and ApoC-III inhibitors for treating hypertriglyceridemia in context: horses for courses?","authors":"Dick C Chan, Gerald F Watts","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000920","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000920","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is an independent and casual risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). There is an unmet need for more effective treatments for patients with HTG. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) are key regulators of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism. We review recent clinical trials targeting ANGPTL3 and apoC-III with monoclonal antibody and nucleic acid therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA.Recent findings: ANGPTL3 and apoC-III inhibitors are effective in lowering plasma triglycerides and TRLs, with possibly greater efficacy with the inhibition of apoC-III. By contrast to ANGPTL3 inhibition that has the advantage of greater lowering of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and apoB levels, apoC-III inhibition only has a modest or no effect in lowering plasma LDL-cholesterol and apoB concentrations. Therapeutic inhibition of ANGPTL3 and apoC-III can correct HTG possibly by reducing production and increasing catabolism of TRL particles, but this remains to be formally investigated in patients with HTG.Summary: Novel agents targeting ANGPTL3 and apoC-III can correct HTG and potentially lower risk of ASCVD in patients with HTG. The long-term safety and cost-effectiveness of these agents await confirmation in ongoing and future studies.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139899563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remnant cholesterol as a new lipid-lowering target to reduce cardiovascular events. 残余胆固醇是减少心血管事件的新降脂目标。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000921

Paolo Raggi, Maria Laura Becciu, Eliano P Navarese

引用次数: 0

G protein-coupled receptor 146: new insights from genetics and model systems. G 蛋白偶联受体 146：遗传学和模型系统的新见解。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000929

Umesh Tharehalli, Antoine Rimbert

{"title":"G protein-coupled receptor 146: new insights from genetics and model systems.","authors":"Umesh Tharehalli, Antoine Rimbert","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000929","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000929","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases continue to be a significant global cause of death. Despite the availability of efficient treatments, there is an ongoing need for innovative strategies to lower lipid levels, especially for individuals experiencing refractory dyslipidemias or intolerable adverse effects. Based on human genetic findings and on mouse studies, the G protein-coupled receptor 146 (GPR146) emerges as a promising target against hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. The present review aims at providing a thorough summary of the latest information acquired regarding GPR146, encompassing genetic evidence, functional insights, and its broader implications for cardiometabolic health.Recent findings: Human genetic studies uncovered associations between GPR146 variants, plasma lipid levels and metabolic parameters. Additionally, GPR146's influence extends beyond lipid regulation, impacting adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis, and inflammation pathways. Despite GPR146's orphan status, ongoing efforts to deorphanize it, suggest a potential ligand with downstream effects involving Gαi coupling.Summary: Here, we outline and deliberate on recent progress focused on: enhancing comprehension of the effects of inhibiting GPR146 in humans through genetic instruments, evaluating the extra-hepatic functions of GPR146, and discovering its natural ligand(s). Grasping these biological parameters and mechanisms is crucial in the exploration of GPR146 as a prospective therapeutic target.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PCSK9-directed therapies: an update. PCSK9导向疗法：最新进展。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000919

Julius L Katzmann, Ulrich Laufs

{"title":"PCSK9-directed therapies: an update.","authors":"Julius L Katzmann, Ulrich Laufs","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000919","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000919","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Two large cardiovascular outcomes trials of monoclonal antibodies against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) demonstrated that therapeutic inhibition of extracellular PCSK9 markedly reduces LDL cholesterol concentration and cardiovascular risk. Several novel strategies to inhibit PCSK9 function are in development. Different mechanisms of action may determine specific properties with potential relevance for patient care.Recent findings: For the monoclonal antibodies evolocumab und alirocumab as first-generation PCSK9 inhibitors, follow-up data of up to 8 years of exposure complement the information on efficacy and safety available from outcome trials. For the small-interfering RNA inclisiran as second-generation PCSK9 inhibitor, several phase III trials have been published and a cardiovascular outcome trial has completed recruitment and is ongoing. Third-generation PCSK9 inhibitors encompass, among others, orally available drugs such as MK-0616 and the fusion protein lerodalcibep. Additional strategies to inhibit PCSK9 include vaccination and gene editing.Summary: Long-term inhibition of PCSK9 with monoclonal antibodies is safe and conveys sustained cardiovascular benefit. Novel strategies to inhibit PCSK9 function such as orally available drugs, RNA targeting, and one-time treatment with gene editing may further enhance the therapeutic armamentarium and enable novel preventive strategies.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"117-125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139566546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Newborn screening for lipid disorders. 新生儿血脂紊乱筛查。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000928

Xiangqiang Shao, Robert Steiner, Amy L Peterson

{"title":"Newborn screening for lipid disorders.","authors":"Xiangqiang Shao, Robert Steiner, Amy L Peterson","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000928","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000928","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Newborn screening is one of the most successful public health programs of the last century and offers unparalleled access to universal screening for a variety of metabolic and other disorders. Interest in development of newborn screening for lipid disorders has intensified in recent years. Screening newborns for lipid disorders has important implications for the health of the newborn as well as their relatives, and in the case of more common lipid disorders like familial hypercholesterolemia, could have important public health implications.Recent findings: Recent studies have demonstrated feasibility of measuring biomarkers for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia from newborn screening dried blood spot specimens. Another lipid disorder, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, is currently amenable to newborn screening utilizing currently available assays. New research in next-generation sequencing as a primary screen in newborns will also identify both common and rare lipid disorders in newborns.Summary: Historically, newborn screening for lipid disorders was not done for many reasons, but new research has developed testing methods that may successfully identify common and rare lipid disorders. This will impact the health of the newborn but could also impact family members and public health.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0