Current opinion in lipidology最新文献_第6页

Are the lipid-lowering effects of incretin-based therapies relevant for cardiovascular benefit? 基于增量素的疗法的降脂效果与心血管益处相关吗？

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000949

Teba Alnima, Mark M Smits, Nordin M J Hanssen

{"title":"Are the lipid-lowering effects of incretin-based therapies relevant for cardiovascular benefit?","authors":"Teba Alnima, Mark M Smits, Nordin M J Hanssen","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000949","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000949","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review examines the impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on lipid profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity, crucial for optimizing cardiovascular risk management.Recent findings: GLP-1RAs affect lipid levels by reducing intestinal apolipoprotein B48 production and mesenteric lymph flow, while increasing catabolism of apolipoprotein B100. It remains unknown whether these effects are direct or indirect, but the improvements in lipid levels are strongly correlated to the drug-induced weight loss. Clinical trials demonstrate improvements in lipid profiles, with different effects per agent and dose. We deem it unlikely that improved lipid levels are sufficient to explain the beneficial effects of GLP-1RA on cardiovascular risk, especially given the improvement of many other risk factors (body weight, glycemic control, inflammation) while using these agents. Posthoc mediation analyses of large cardiovascular outcome trials may shed some light on the relative importance of each risk factor.Summary: GLP-1RAs improve lipid profiles in clinical trials, but their complete cardiovascular benefits likely involve multifactorial mechanisms beyond lipid modulation.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complex actions of sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors on lipids, calcific atherosclerosis, and bone density. 钠葡萄糖转运体-2 抑制剂对血脂、钙化性动脉粥样硬化和骨密度的复杂作用。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000942

Stuti Pradhan, Sophia Kalanski, Yin Tintut, Linda L Demer

{"title":"Complex actions of sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors on lipids, calcific atherosclerosis, and bone density.","authors":"Stuti Pradhan, Sophia Kalanski, Yin Tintut, Linda L Demer","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000942","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000942","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) lower renal glucose reabsorption and, thus, are used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical trials coincidentally showed that SGLT2 inhibitors also benefitted patients with heart failure. This review explores the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on other aspects of cardiovascular disease and skeletal health.Recent findings: In some, but not all, clinical and preclinical studies, SGLT2 inhibitors are found to reduce serum levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides. Their effects on total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiac function also vary. However, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce lipid accumulation in the liver, kidney, and heart, and alter expression of lipid metabolism genes. Effects on free fatty acid uptake in abdominal fat depots depend on the location of adipose tissue. In male, but not female, mice, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the atherosclerotic lesions and aortic calcium deposition. With respect to skeletal health, recent literature has reported conflicting associations with the risks of fracture and amputation.Summary: Studies suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce tissue lipid accumulation, and in a sex-dependent manner, atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. However, their effects on lipid levels and bone health are complex and remain to be established.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"253-257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence further linking the intestine to cardiovascular disease. 有证据进一步证明肠道与心血管疾病有关。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000944

Dawoud Sulaiman, Srinivasa T Reddy, Alan M Fogelman

{"title":"Evidence further linking the intestine to cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Dawoud Sulaiman, Srinivasa T Reddy, Alan M Fogelman","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000944","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000944","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review recent publications linking the intestine to cardiovascular disease.Recent findings: Aromatic amino acid-derived metabolites produced by gut-bacteria were identified that increased or decreased the risk of cardiovascular events. Dietary phenylalanine was metabolized to phenylacetic acid by gut microbes, and converted into phenylacetylglutamine by the host, which increased thrombosis potential via adrenergic receptors and was associated with increased major adverse cardiovascular events. Another microbiota-associated metabolite of aromatic amino acids, indole-3-propionic acid, protected against heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The mechanism by which dietary cholesterol is absorbed was found to involve the Nieman-Pick C1-like1 protein working together with a newly discovered protein called Aster. Levels of gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharide in serum that are an order of magnitude less than those seen in gram negative sepsis were shown to play a role in enhancing atherosclerosis and thrombosis.Summary: Promising new therapeutic targets in the intestine for preventing or treating cardiovascular disease have been identified.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"223-227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantification of high-density lipoprotein particle number by proton nuclear magnetic resonance: don't believe the numbers. 通过质子核磁共振量化高密度脂蛋白颗粒数量：不要相信数字。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000948

Tomas Vaisar, Jay Heinecke

{"title":"Quantification of high-density lipoprotein particle number by proton nuclear magnetic resonance: don't believe the numbers.","authors":"Tomas Vaisar, Jay Heinecke","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000948","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000948","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can rapidly assess lipoprotein concentrations and sizes in biological samples. It may be especially useful for quantifying high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which exhibits diverse particle sizes and concentrations. We provide a critical review of the strengths and limitations of NMR for quantifying HDL subclasses.Recent findings: Recent studies using NMR have shed light on HDL's role in various disorders, ranging from residual cardiovascular risk to host susceptibility to infection. However, accurately quantifying HDL particle number, size, and concentration (HDL-P) remains a challenge. Discrepancies exist between NMR and other methods such as gel electrophoresis, ion mobility analysis and size-exclusion chromatography in estimating the abundance of HDL species and the ratio of apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) to HDL particles.Summary: NMR is a low-cost method for quantifying HDL-P that is readily applicable to clinical and translational studies. However, inconsistencies between the results of NMR quantification of HDL-P and other independent methods hinder the interpretation of NMR results. Because proton NMR apparently fails to accurately quantify the sizes and concentrations of HDL, the relevance of such studies to HDL biology poses challenges. This limits our understanding of pathophysiological implications of HDL-P as determined by NMR, particularly in determining cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"228-233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The emerging role of fat-inducing transcript 2 in endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis and lipoprotein biogenesis. 脂肪诱导转录本 2 在内质网蛋白稳态和脂蛋白生物生成过程中的新作用。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000943

Jeffrey L Brodsky, Anuradha Iyer, Konstantinos I Fortounas, Edward A Fisher

{"title":"The emerging role of fat-inducing transcript 2 in endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis and lipoprotein biogenesis.","authors":"Jeffrey L Brodsky, Anuradha Iyer, Konstantinos I Fortounas, Edward A Fisher","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000943","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000943","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review examines the evolving role of the fat-inducing transcript 2 (FIT2) protein in lipid droplet (LD) biology and its broader implications in cellular physiology and disease. With recent advancements in understanding FIT2 function across various model systems, this review provides a timely synthesis of its mechanisms and physiological significance.Recent findings: FIT2, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein, has been established as a critical regulator of LD formation in diverse organisms, from yeast to mammals. It facilitates LD biogenesis by sequestering diacylglycerol (DAG) and potentially influencing ER membrane dynamics. Beyond its role in lipid metabolism, FIT2 intersects with the ER-associated degradation (ERAD), is critical for protein homeostasis, and is linked to the unfolded protein response (UPR). Dysregulation of FIT2 has also been linked to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and lipodystrophy, highlighting its clinical relevance.Summary: Insights into FIT2 function underscore its pivotal role in LD formation and lipid homeostasis. Understanding its involvement in ER proteostasis and very low density lipoprotein biogenesis has broad implications for metabolic diseases and cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting FIT2 may offer novel approaches to modulate lipid metabolism and mitigate associated pathologies. Further research is needed to elucidate the full spectrum of FIT2's interactions within cellular lipid and protein networks, potentially uncovering new therapeutic avenues for metabolic and ER stress-related disorders.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"248-252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11387134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 as a drug target for abdominal aortic aneurysm. 作为治疗腹主动脉瘤药物靶点的 Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000945

Jonathan Golledge, Hong S Lu, Sonia Shah

{"title":"Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 as a drug target for abdominal aortic aneurysm.","authors":"Jonathan Golledge, Hong S Lu, Sonia Shah","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000945","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000945","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: There are no current drug therapies to limit abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth. This review summarizes evidence suggesting that inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) may be a drug target to limit AAA growth.Recent findings: Mendelian randomization studies suggest that raised LDL and non-HDL-cholesterol are causal in AAA formation. PCSK9 was reported to be upregulated in human AAA samples compared to aortic samples from organ donors. PCSK9 gain of function viral vectors promoted aortic expansion in C57BL/6 mice infused with angiotensin II. The effect of altering PCSK9 expression in the aortic perfusion elastase model was reported to be inconsistent. Mutations in the gene encoding PCSK9, which increase serum cholesterol, were associated with increased risk of human AAA. Patients with AAA also have a high risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke. Recent research suggests that PCSK9 inhibition would substantially reduce the risk of these events.Summary: Past research suggests that drugs that inhibit PCSK9 have potential as a novel therapy for AAA to both limit aneurysm growth and reduce risk of cardiovascular events. A large multinational randomized controlled trial is needed to test if PCSK9 inhibition limits AAA growth and cardiovascular events.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"241-247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11387138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategies for management of patients with elevated lipoprotein(a). 脂蛋白（a）升高患者的管理策略。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000950

Charlotte C Ellberg, Harpreet S Bhatia

{"title":"Strategies for management of patients with elevated lipoprotein(a).","authors":"Charlotte C Ellberg, Harpreet S Bhatia","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000950","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000950","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: There is growing literature that supports the testing of Lp(a). However, few patients are tested, including those with a personal or family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). One often noted barrier to more widespread testing is uncertainty regarding what to do with an elevated Lp(a) level. Although guidelines vary, there is agreement on the use of Lp(a) as a risk enhancer to guide medical care and shared decision-making. This review will discuss a clinical approach with supporting evidence for management of patients with elevated Lp(a).Recent findings: At the minimum, elevated Lp(a) increases cardiovascular risk and can be incorporated into existing risk stratification paradigms. The cornerstone of management is aggressive management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). More recent studies have highlighted the potential role for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i), aspirin in primary prevention, and prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy in secondary prevention.Summary: Although there is optimism for Lp(a)-targeted therapies in the near future, an elevated Lp(a) level is actionable today, and uncertainty regarding the management of patients with elevated Lp(a) should not be a barrier to more widespread testing.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"234-240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11387124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of cascade screening for elevated lipoprotein(a), an underdiagnosed family disorder. 对脂蛋白（a）升高（一种诊断不足的家族性疾病）进行级联筛查的效果。

IF 4.4 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000951

Maxim E Annink,Emma S Janssen,Laurens F Reeskamp

{"title":"Effectiveness of cascade screening for elevated lipoprotein(a), an underdiagnosed family disorder.","authors":"Maxim E Annink,Emma S Janssen,Laurens F Reeskamp","doi":"10.1097/mol.0000000000000951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mol.0000000000000951","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE OF REVIEWElevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a prevalent, independent, genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Though crucial for adequate risk assessment, detection of individuals at increased risk because of elevated Lp(a) is severely lacking in practice. In this light, several consensus statements have recommended familial cascade screening strategies to increase detection of elevated Lp(a). This review aims to synthesize findings from recent research into the effectiveness of cascade screening for elevated Lp(a).RECENT FINDINGSCascade screening is an effective method for identifying individuals with elevated Lp(a) and is superior to opportunistic screening. Cascade screening identifies approximately one new case of elevated Lp(a) ≥ 125 nmol/L for every two first-degree relatives screened. The number needed to screen (NNS) ranged from 1.3 to 2.9, depending on Lp(a) threshold values and selected population.SUMMARYCascade screening appears to be a promising strategy for identifying individuals with elevated Lp(a). However, several challenges persist regarding the implementation of this strategy in clinical practice. Deciding on threshold values for initiating cascade screening, considering the implications of ethnicity-related variability of Lp(a) levels, and further research into the clinical relevance of cascade screening are crucial steps. Understanding these factors will be essential for optimizing cascade screening protocols and enhancing its effectiveness in clinical practice.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACThttp://links.lww.com/COL/A31.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000941

引用次数: 0

How safe are proprotein convertase subtilisinekexin type 9 inhibitors in diabetes? 糖尿病患者使用 9 型蛋白转化酶枯草酶抑制剂的安全性如何？

IF 4.6 3区医学

Current opinion in lipidology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000934

Tian Chen, Naifeng Liu

{"title":"How safe are proprotein convertase subtilisinekexin type 9 inhibitors in diabetes?","authors":"Tian Chen, Naifeng Liu","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000934","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000934","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To examine the safety of proprotein convertase subtilisinekexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in patients with diabetes, specifically focusing on their impact on glucose metabolism.Recent findings: Patients with diabetes often require intensified lipid-lowering therapy. PCSK9 inhibitors can reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations by approximately 60%, and significantly reduce cardiovascular risk when added to statin therapy. Some studies have suggested an association between low LDL-C levels and an increased risk of new-onset diabetes, and genetics has almost consistently shown an increased glucose concentration and risk of diabetes. Most clinical trials have not demonstrated a deterioration in glycaemic control in patients with diabetes after the use of PCSK9 inhibitors, and they do not lead to other significant treatment-emergent adverse events.Summary: Although the majority of patients with diabetes are undergoing background statin therapy, which may mask potential adverse effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on glycaemic control, current data suggest that the benefits outweigh the risks for diabetic patients using PCSK9 inhibitors. Considering the different nature of genetic studies and of clinical trials, close monitoring of glucose parameters is necessary, especially in individuals with prediabetes.","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":"187-194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140287162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0