{"title":"Effects of Peripubertal Experiences on Competitive Behavior in Male Rats at Different Stages of Adulthood","authors":"Jinkun Huang, Wenjia Yang, Lili Bao, Bin Yin","doi":"10.1002/dev.22544","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dev.22544","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Past studies in animal models have extensively investigated the impact of early life experiences on behavioral development, yet relatively few have specifically examined the implications of peripubertal experiences on the evolution of competitive behavior across distinct stages of adulthood. In the current research, we probed potential differences in competitive behavior during emerging adulthood (3 months old) and middle adulthood (12 months old) in 81 Sprague-Dawley male rats exposed to three different peripubertal (postnatal Days 37–60) environments: an enriched environment (EE), a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) condition, and a control condition. Anxiety-like behavior served as a positive control in our study. Results revealed significant variations in competitive behavior among the groups during emerging adulthood. The EE group displayed the least anxiety and outperformed their peers in food-reward-oriented competition, whereas the CUMS group excelled in status-driven, agonistic competition. However, these behavioral differentiations gradually attenuated by middle adulthood, at which point the control group began to show an advantage. Our findings suggest that although peripubertal experiences significantly shape competitive behavior in the emerging adulthood stage, this effect diminishes over time and is nearly non-detectable during mid-adulthood, underscoring the fluidity of behavioral development and demonstrating that the effects of peripubertal experiences can be modulated by subsequent life experiences.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11086,"journal":{"name":"Developmental psychobiology","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sejal Mistry-Patel, Tristin Nyman-Mallis, Jessica M. Dollar, Jeffrey R. Gagne, Rebecca J. Brooker
{"title":"Cognitive Control Moderates Associations Between Domains of Temperamental Reactivity and Preschoolers’ Social Behaviors","authors":"Sejal Mistry-Patel, Tristin Nyman-Mallis, Jessica M. Dollar, Jeffrey R. Gagne, Rebecca J. Brooker","doi":"10.1002/dev.22545","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dev.22545","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Temperamental characteristics and emerging cognitive control are meaningful predictors of children's development of adaptive and maladaptive social behaviors during the preschool period. However, knowledge of the interplay of these pathways, when examined concurrently to highlight their individual contributions, is limited. Using a cross-sectional sample of 3-year-old children, we examined parent-reported discrete traits of negative (anger, fear, sadness, and shyness) and positive (low- and high-intensity pleasure) temperamental reactivity as predictors of children's prosociality and physical aggression. Further, we tested whether the effects of discrete temperament were moderated by cognitive control, as indexed by the <i>N</i>2 event-related potential, during a go/no-go task. Analyses focus on a subsample of children with an observable <i>N</i>2 (<i>n </i>= 66). When controlling for other relative temperament traits, several significant main effects emerged. Moreover, at low cognitive control (smaller <i>N</i>2), fear was negatively associated with aggression, whereas at high cognitive control, sadness was positively associated with aggression. Heightened anger was linked to reduced prosocial behavior when cognitive control was low but linked to greater prosocial behavior when cognitive control was high. The results highlight that discrete temperament traits predict individual differences in child outcomes but that associations depend on concurrent levels of cognitive control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11086,"journal":{"name":"Developmental psychobiology","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dev.22545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew S. Binder, Zachary J. Pranske, Samantha L. Hodges, Paige D. Womble, Eliesse M. Kwok, Saul I. Quintero, Andrew D. Kim, David A. Narvaiz, Joaquin N. Lugo
{"title":"Agomelatine Is Unable to Attenuate Kainic Acid–Induced Deficits in Early Life Communicative Behavior","authors":"Matthew S. Binder, Zachary J. Pranske, Samantha L. Hodges, Paige D. Womble, Eliesse M. Kwok, Saul I. Quintero, Andrew D. Kim, David A. Narvaiz, Joaquin N. Lugo","doi":"10.1002/dev.22543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22543","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early life seizures are associated with a variety of behavioral comorbidities. Among the most prevalent of these are deficits in communication. Auditory communicative behaviors in mice, known as ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), can be used to assess potential treatments. Agomelatine is a melatonin agonist that effectively reduces behavioral comorbidities of seizures in adults; however, its ability to attenuate seizure-induced communicative deficits in neonates is unknown. To address this, we administered C57 mice either saline or kainic acid (KA) on postnatal day (PD) 10. The mice then received either agomelatine or saline 1-h post-status epilepticus. On PD 11, we assessed the quantity of USVs produced, the duration, peak frequency, fundamental frequency, and amplitude of the vocalizations, as well as the call type utilization. We found that KA increased vocal production and reduced USV variability relative to controls. KA also increased USV duration and amplitude and significantly altered the types of calls produced. Agomelatine did not attenuate any of the deficits. Our study is the first to assess agomelatine's efficacy to correct USVs and thus provides an important point of context to the literature, indicating that despite its high therapeutic efficacy to attenuate other behavioral comorbidities of seizures, agomelatine's ability to correct neonatal communicative deficits is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":11086,"journal":{"name":"Developmental psychobiology","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dev.22543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developmental Changes in How Head Orientation Structures Infants’ Visual Attention","authors":"John M. Franchak, Linda Smith, Chen Yu","doi":"10.1002/dev.22538","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dev.22538","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most studies of developing visual attention are conducted using screen-based tasks in which infants move their eyes to select where to look. However, real-world visual exploration entails active movements of both eyes and head to bring relevant areas in view. Thus, relatively little is known about how infants coordinate their eyes and heads to structure their visual experiences. Infants were tested every 3 months from 9 to 24 months while they played with their caregiver and three toys while sitting in a highchair at a table. Infants wore a head-mounted eye tracker that measured eye movement toward each of the visual targets (caregiver's face and toys) and how targets were oriented within the head-centered field of view (FOV). With age, infants increasingly aligned novel toys in the center of their head-centered FOV at the expense of their caregiver's face. Both faces and toys were better centered in view during longer looking events, suggesting that infants of all ages aligned their eyes and head to sustain attention. The bias in infants’ head-centered FOV could not be accounted for by manual action: Held toys were more poorly centered compared with non-held toys. We discuss developmental factors—attentional, motoric, cognitive, and social—that may explain why infants increasingly adopted biased viewpoints with age.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11086,"journal":{"name":"Developmental psychobiology","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darren E. Ginder, Carolyn E. Tinsley, Mara E. Kaiser, Miranda M. Lim
{"title":"Sex-Specific Impacts of Early Life Sleep Disruption: Ethanol Seeking, Social Interaction, and Anxiety Are Differentially Altered in Adolescent Prairie Voles","authors":"Darren E. Ginder, Carolyn E. Tinsley, Mara E. Kaiser, Miranda M. Lim","doi":"10.1002/dev.22541","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dev.22541","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early life sleep is important for neuronal development. Using the highly social prairie vole rodent model, we have previously reported that early life sleep disruption (ELSD) during the preweaning period results in interference with social bonding and increases ethanol consumption following a stressor in adulthood. Furthermore, ELSD increases parvalbumin expression and reduces glutamatergic neurotransmission in cortical regions in adult prairie voles. To understand the impact of ELSD on the lifespan, an examination of an earlier time in life is necessary. The aim of the present study was to examine behavioral outcomes of ELSD on adolescent prairie voles. Given the known effects of ELSD on development of neuronal systems involved in mood and social motivation, we hypothesized that anxiety, risk, and reward-related behaviors would be impacted by ELSD in adolescent prairie voles. We report that both male and female adolescent prairie voles that experienced ELSD showed heightened anxiety-like behavior compared to age-matched controls (CONs) as measured by a light–dark box. Additionally, both male and female ELSD voles showed reductions in both ethanol preference and consumption, and affiliative behavior compared to CONs. These results suggest that adolescent prairie voles of both sexes experience heightened anxiety-like behavior and reduced reward-seeking behaviors after ELSD. These results further suggest that early life sleep is critically important for neurotypical behaviors in adolescence.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11086,"journal":{"name":"Developmental psychobiology","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eunkyung Shin, Marisa N. Lytle, Anna M. Zhou, Vanessa LoBue, Kristin A. Buss, Koraly Pérez-Edgar
{"title":"Bidirectional Relations Among Maternal Positive Emotion, Infant Positive Emotionality, and Infant Physiological Regulation Across the First 18 Months of Life","authors":"Eunkyung Shin, Marisa N. Lytle, Anna M. Zhou, Vanessa LoBue, Kristin A. Buss, Koraly Pérez-Edgar","doi":"10.1002/dev.22537","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dev.22537","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a marker of self-regulation, has been linked to developmental outcomes in young children. Although positive emotions may have the potential to facilitate physiological self-regulation, and enhanced self-regulation could underlie the development of positive emotions in early childhood, the relation between positive emotions and physiological self-regulation in infancy has been relatively overlooked. The current study examined the bidirectional associations among maternal positive emotion, infant positive emotionality, and infant resting RSA across the first 18 months of life. We used data from the Longitudinal Attention and Temperament Study (LanTs; <i>N</i> = 309 in the current analysis) to test the within- and between-person relations of study variables over time using a random-intercepts cross-lagged panel model. We found that infants with higher overall levels of positive emotionality also displayed greater resting RSA, and their mothers exhibited higher levels of positive emotion. However, there were negative cross-lagged associations within-person; higher than average infant positive emotionality predicted lower levels of infant resting RSA at the subsequent timepoint during early infancy, whereas higher than average infant RSA subsequently predicted decreased levels of infant positive emotionality later in infancy. Results highlight the importance of considering transactional relations between positive emotion and physiological self-regulation in infancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11086,"journal":{"name":"Developmental psychobiology","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dev.22537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paige L. Graney, Evelyn L. Sarno, Jessie E. Miller, Christine K. Wagner
{"title":"Implications of Developmental 17-OHPC Exposure on the Mesocorticolimbic Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Pathways and Adolescent Mood–Related Behavior in Rats","authors":"Paige L. Graney, Evelyn L. Sarno, Jessie E. Miller, Christine K. Wagner","doi":"10.1002/dev.22536","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dev.22536","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The synthetic progestin, 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC), is administered to pregnant individuals at risk for recurrent preterm birth during a critical period of fetal mesocorticolimbic serotonergic and dopaminergic pathway development. These pathways play an important role in regulating cognitive behaviors later in life. Despite this, there has been very little research regarding the potential long-term effects of 17-OHPC on the behavioral and neural development of exposed children. In rodents, developmental exposure to 17-OHPC disrupts serotonergic and dopaminergic innervation of the medial prefrontal cortex and impairs decision-making in complex cognitive tasks in adulthood. The present study tested the hypothesis that developmental exposure to 17-OHPC similarly disrupts the development of serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways within limbic targets and subsequent mood-related behaviors. Developmental 17-OHPC exposure significantly increased the density of serotonin transporter–IR fibers in CA1, CA2/3, and the suprapyramidal blade of dentate gyrus in hippocampus and significantly reduced the density of TH-IR fibers within the nucleus accumbens shell in males but had no effect in females during adolescence. Irregular microglia activational phenotype and number were also observed in the hippocampus of 17-OHPC-exposed males. Developmental 17-OHPC reduced the latency to immobility in males in the forced swim test but did not affect sucrose consumption in a sucrose preference test. These findings suggest that 17-OHPC exerts sex-specific effects on the development of mesocorticolimbic pathways and mood-related behavior in adolescence and highlight the need to investigate effects in adolescent children.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11086,"journal":{"name":"Developmental psychobiology","volume":"66 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiffany S. Leung, Guangyu Zeng, Sarah E. Maylott, Arushi Malik, Shuo Zhang, Emily C. McNamara, Krisztina V. Jakobsen, Elizabeth A. Simpson
{"title":"Emerging Adults Mirror Infants’ Emotions and Yawns","authors":"Tiffany S. Leung, Guangyu Zeng, Sarah E. Maylott, Arushi Malik, Shuo Zhang, Emily C. McNamara, Krisztina V. Jakobsen, Elizabeth A. Simpson","doi":"10.1002/dev.22539","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dev.22539","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infants’ nonverbal expressions—a broad smile or a sharp cry—are powerful at eliciting reactions. Although parents’ reactions to their own infants’ expressions are relatively well understood, here we studied whether adults more generally exhibit behavioral and physiological reactions to <i>unfamiliar</i> infants producing various expressions. We recruited U.S. emerging adults (<i>N</i> = 84) prior to parenthood, 18–25 years old, 68% women, ethnically (20% Hispanic/Latino) and racially (7% Asian, 13% Black, 1% Middle Eastern, 70% White, 8% multiracial) diverse. They observed four 80-s audio–video clips of unfamiliar 2- to 6-month-olds crying, smiling, yawning, and sitting calmly (emotionally neutral control). Each compilation video depicted 9 different infants (36 clips total). We found adults mirrored behaviorally and physiologically: more positive facial expressions to infants smiling, and more negative facial expressions and pupil dilation—indicating increases in arousal—to infants crying. Adults also yawned more and had more pupil dilation when observing infants yawning. Together, these findings suggest that even nonparent emerging adults are highly sensitive to unfamiliar infants’ expressions, which they naturally “catch” (i.e., behaviorally and physiologically mirror), even without instructions. Such sensitivity may have—over the course of humans’ evolutionary history—been selected for, to facilitate adults’ processing of preverbal infants’ expressions to meet their needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11086,"journal":{"name":"Developmental psychobiology","volume":"66 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dev.22539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana C. Lopera-Perez, Jelena Obradović, Aisha K. Yousafzai, Brandon Keehn, Saima Siyal, Charles A. Nelson, Amanda R. Tarullo
{"title":"Early Family Experiences and Neural Activity in Rural Pakistani Children: The Differential Role of Gender","authors":"Diana C. Lopera-Perez, Jelena Obradović, Aisha K. Yousafzai, Brandon Keehn, Saima Siyal, Charles A. Nelson, Amanda R. Tarullo","doi":"10.1002/dev.22534","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dev.22534","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adversity within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) poses severe threats to neurocognitive development, which can be partially mitigated by high-quality early family experiences. Specifically, maternal scaffolding and home stimulation can buffer cognitive development in LMIC, possibly by protecting underlying neural functioning. However, the association between family experiences and neural activity remains largely unexplored in LMIC contexts. This study explored the relation of early family experiences to later cognitive skills and absolute gamma power (21–45 Hz), a neural marker linked to higher-order cognitive skills. Drawing data from the PEDS trial, a longitudinal study in rural Pakistan, we examined maternal scaffolding at 24 months and home stimulation quality at 18 months as predictors of verbal IQ, executive functions, and absolute gamma at 48 months for 105 mother-child dyads (52 girls). Maternal scaffolding interacted with gender to predict absolute gamma power, such that higher maternal scaffolding was related to higher gamma more strongly for girls. Maternal scaffolding also interacted with absolute gamma to predict executive functions, such that higher gamma was related to better executive functions only when maternal scaffolding was average to high. Individual differences in early family experiences may partially buffer the neural underpinnings of cognitive skills from adversity in LMIC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11086,"journal":{"name":"Developmental psychobiology","volume":"66 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helena J. Bentil, Enya M. Daang, Amanda E. Guyer, Haiying Yuan, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Benjamin Amponsah, Adom Manu, Mavis Osipi Mensah, Maku E. Demuyakor, Charles D. Arnold, Brietta M. Oaks, Elizabeth Prado, Paul D. Hastings
{"title":"Assessing Children's Autonomic Nervous System Activity During Structured Tasks: A Feasibility and Reliability Study in Ghana","authors":"Helena J. Bentil, Enya M. Daang, Amanda E. Guyer, Haiying Yuan, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Benjamin Amponsah, Adom Manu, Mavis Osipi Mensah, Maku E. Demuyakor, Charles D. Arnold, Brietta M. Oaks, Elizabeth Prado, Paul D. Hastings","doi":"10.1002/dev.22535","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dev.22535","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The significance of physiological regulation in relation to behavioral and emotional regulation is well documented, but primarily in economically advantaged contexts. Few studies have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the feasibility and reliability of measuring autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and behavior during challenge tasks in 30 children aged 8–10 years in Ghana during two visits, 1 week apart. Completeness of ANS data ranged from 80% to 100% across all tasks. There was low-to-moderate test–retest reliability of video mood induction (VMI) emotion ratings and balloon analog risk task (BART) pumps (<i>r</i> = 0.34–0.52). VMI elicited higher targeted emotion ratings in Visit 2 than Visit 1. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was higher, and pre-ejection period (PEP) was longer at Visit 2 than Visit 1 for baseline and both tasks. RSA was higher at baseline than during the VMI anger scene at Visit 1, whereas PEP was shorter at baseline than during all VMI emotion scenes at Visit 2. RSA was higher at baseline than during BART at both visits. In conclusion, ANS data collection within evocative and arousing challenge tasks was feasible in Ghana, and the tasks were generally reliable and effective in eliciting target emotions and risk-taking behavior in this sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":11086,"journal":{"name":"Developmental psychobiology","volume":"66 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dev.22535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}