Current topics in medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"The Use of Virus-like Particles as Immunogens to Treat Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Paulo Ricardo da Silva Sanches, Eduardo Maffud Cilli","doi":"10.2174/0115680266364554250628134050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266364554250628134050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a promising approach to developing vaccines for infectious diseases. These nanostructures mimic the organization and conformation of native viruses but lack viral genetic material, rendering them non-infectious. VLPs can induce potent immune responses, making them ideal immunogens. This review provides an overview of VLP technology, its application in combating infectious diseases, and its potential to shape future vaccine development. Specific emphasis is placed on current clinical applications, emerging infectious disease targets, and the challenges in optimizing VLP-based immunogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Cutting-Edge Strategies for the Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Through Drug Repurposing.","authors":"Sandhya Chaudhary, Kalpana Rahate, Ritam Mondal, Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115680266360882250702093727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266360882250702093727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal kind of illness, causing the cancer to spread to other regions of the body and eventually resulting in death. The lack of licensed, targeted drugs that can completely eliminate TNBC is a challenge to the present level of therapeutic options. Developing novel uses for already-approved drugs expedites the lengthy and expensive process of creating new ones. Drug repositioning has been made possible by developments in cheminformatics, genomics, and systems biology. Here we provide what is presumably the first thorough taxonomy of approaches to in silico drug repurposing, classifying them into four categories: structure-based, data-mining-based, transcription signature-based, and physiological networksbased. The most relevant studies from preclinical and clinical contexts are highlighted in this review, which focusses on molecular processes and signalling pathways such as adrenergic receptor, androgen receptor, STAT3, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, or AXL. Its main objective is to repurpose existing medications for the treatment of TNBC. We also focus on repurposing and modifying medications that particularly target this cell type in order to combat metastases and recurrence linked to TNBC. The reason for this is that CSCs are very important and may play a major role in tumour aggressiveness and unfavourable clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Compounds in Functional Foods and Traditional Medicine for Stress Mitigation, Disease Prevention, and Management.","authors":"Renu Wadhwa, Sunil C Kaul, Vijay Rani Rajpal","doi":"10.2174/0115680266417202250702075243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266417202250702075243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Evidence of Traditional Medicines in Modulating the Immune Response and Diabetic Wound Healing.","authors":"Jyotsana Dwivedi, Pranjal Sachan, Pranay Wal, Ankita Wal, Shanmugam Vippamakula, Rajesh K S, Mukesh Chandra Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0115680266359349250707102203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266359349250707102203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes affects over 537 million people, with 20% developing chronic wounds. These wounds are made worse by inflammation, stress, immune problems, and poor blood vessel growth. Plants like Aloe barbadensis, Nigella sativa, and Moringa oleifera contain compounds that help heal wounds by reducing inflammation, stress, and boosting tissue growth.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review explains why diabetic wounds heal slowly, focusing on factors like ROS, NO, and immune problems. It also looks at natural compounds that help healing and how traditional medicines can work with modern treatments for better wound care.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science for studies published between 2000 and 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised clinical trials, preclinical studies, and ethnopharmacological research related to diabetic wound healing, pathophysiology, herbal medicine, active constituents, and mechanisms of action. Studies lacking diabetic wound specificity or methodological clarity were excluded. PRISMA guidelines were followed for study selection and synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Numerous studies demonstrated that traditional medicines enhance diabetic wound healing by regulating cytokine levels, promoting macrophage polarization, reducing oxidative damage, and remodelling the extracellular matrix. Flavonoids and polyphenols notably improved angiogenesis and tissue repair, while alkaloids and saponins exhibited antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Traditional medicinal plants, through their diverse bioactive constituents, offer significant therapeutic potential for diabetic wound care. By targeting key molecular pathways involved in immune regulation and tissue repair, they present a viable adjunct to conventional therapies, potentially improving clinical outcomes in diabetic wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine Species, Metabolites and Macromolecules as Potential Therapeutics Against Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Pervej Alom Barbhuiya, Smitakshi Talukdar, Nur Shaid Mondal, Punam Kumari, Muskaan Ahmed, Manash Pratim Pathak","doi":"10.2174/0115680266370869250630062043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266370869250630062043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Many metabolic diseases, such as Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), are largely caused by obesity, a complicated ailment characterized by excessive fat buildup. By 2030, obesity is expected to have increased in prevalence, affecting over 1 billion people worldwide. MASLD, formerly known as NAFLD, is a broad category of liver illnesses caused by metabolic dysfunction and frequently linked to obesity. Drugs are available for obesity, but long-term use causes serious adverse effects, as reported. Currently, there are no FDA-approved therapies for MASLD. Interest in marine animals and their metabolites for their potential as therapeutics is growing, given the shortcomings of traditional medicines. This review emphasizes different marine species and metabolites, and macromolecules and tabulates all the pre-clinical studies targeting obesity and MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>For this review, the authors have gone through a vast number of article sources from different scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Algae, fungi, and bacteria found in the ocean are abundant in bioactive chemicals that have anti-obesity and anti-MASLD properties. A variety of studies have reported the anti-obesity and anti-MASLD effects of marine species such as Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, Caulerpa okamurae, and bioactive macromolecules like dieckol, fucosterol, fucoxanthin, sodium alginate and paramylon.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These marine-derived substances have a variety of pharmacological characteristics, including lipid-modulating, anti-adipogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. These qualities are crucial for treating the underlying mechanisms that underlie obesity and MASLD. These marine species may be useful as natural supplements or therapeutic agents in the management and treatment of metabolic diseases associated with obesity. Some of these bioactive phytoconstituents have been identified for their potential against obesity and MASLD; however, more investigation is necessary to identify the precise bioactive substances causing these advantageous effects and assess their safety and effectiveness in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Indicators for the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Strategy.","authors":"Nidgurthi Guggulla Raghavendra Rao, Pranshul Sethi, Savita Shrikant Deokar, Ruchi Tiwari, Hunsur Nagendra Vishwas, Gaurav Tiwari","doi":"10.2174/0115680266349627250626142221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266349627250626142221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary malignancy of the liver, ranks among the top five most common cancers globally and is associated with high mortality due to its poor prognosis, late-stage detection, and limited therapeutic success. Early diagnosis is essential to improve treatment outcomes and survival rates. Biomarkers have emerged as vital tools for the early detection, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring of HCC, with many detectable in serum or urine at quantifiable levels. These biomarkers may be overexpressed, downregulated, or involved in regulatory pathways affecting other proteins and molecules, thereby serving as potential indicators of tumor development. This review aims to provide an updated overview of promising HCC biomarkers, highlighting their diagnostic value and clinical utility. A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, evaluated for quality, and thematically categorized according to the type and function of biomarkers. The review emphasizes the translational potential of these indicators in developing more effective diagnostic strategies for HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diagnostic Role and Potential Pharmacological Value of DDR1 in Pan-Cancer.","authors":"Yi Yu, Yonggang Tian, Dekui Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0115680266358586250617044509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266358586250617044509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer remains a devastating global health burden. Despite the identification of numerous biological targets, effective therapeutic agents remain limited. As a highly promising novel target, the role of Discoid Domain Receptors (DDRs) in pan-cancer biology is still poorly characterized. Thus, this study aims to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and diagnostic potential of DDR1 across different cancer types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, we used UCSC, SangerBox, GEPIA, GSCA, and GeneMANIA online databases to analyze the expression and role of DDR1 in pan-cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression levels of DDR1 showed significant differences in some tumour T, N, and M stages. Importantly, DDR1 expression was associated with clinical prognosis in five cancers. In addition, DDR1 was inversely correlated with most immune checkpoint pathways, immunomodulatory genes, and immune cell infiltration in a few cancers. Furthermore, in most cancers, DDR1 promotes cancer progression by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting cell cycle and EMT, activating hormone AR activity, activating PI3K/AKT pathway, RASMAPK pathway, and RTK pathway. Finally, we also found that the DDR1 gene was positively associated with stemness scores in most tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that DDR1 exhibits diagnostic utility and holds promising translational potential as a therapeutic target across multiple cancer types.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae and Human Disorders: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential.","authors":"Santheraleka Ramanathan, Hemamalini Rawindran, Subash C B Gopinath, Chai Pui Van","doi":"10.2174/0115680266365289250701180840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266365289250701180840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae, which are primarily autotrophic organisms, have caught the spotlight due to their impressive growth rates and broad distribution. They're particularly exciting because of their biocompatibility and the wide range of biological activities they offer. Species like Spirulina and Chlorella exhibit high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-lipidemic, and anti-diabetic properties, making them a promising element in therapeutics. This review discusses the bioactive compounds present in microalgae, including peptides, polysaccharides, and lipids, and their mechanisms of action in disease diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, emerging reports on the synergistic effects of microalgae bioactive compounds in enhancing immune and gut health are discussed. Despite this, challenges in the extraction, cultivation, and commercialization of microalgae-based bioactive compounds remain significant hurdles for a great extent of application. This review examines the challenges and proposes relevant approaches to improve bioavailability and to optimize the cultivation of microalgae. The review underscores the significance of microalgae-derived bioactive agents for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telomere Maintenance Characteristics Predict Prognosis and Therapeutic Response in Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Yanpin Ma, Xiangjie Fang, Penghui Li","doi":"10.2174/0115680266397024250710105241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266397024250710105241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The link between telomere length and Colorectal Cancer (CRC) risk and survival has been established. This study aims to investigate Telomere Maintenance-related Genes (TMGs) for predicting immunotherapy response and prognosis in CRC patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, gene expression data and clinical information of CRC patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and TMG-related scores were calculated for the samples. Subsequently, Weighted Gene Co- Expression Analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify gene modules that were highly correlated with the TMG score and intersected with differentially expressed genes to screen for potential functionally relevant candidate genes. The key genes significantly associated with prognosis were further analyzed using Cox regression analysis, from which key genes were identified, and a risk score model was constructed. Finally, the survival prediction ability of the model was evaluated across multiple cohorts, and differences in immune cell infiltration characteristics and drug sensitivity were analyzed within different risk groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher TMG score was noticed in CRC, and the TMG score was negatively correlated with the StromalScore, ImmuneScore, and ESTIMATEScore. Gene modules significantly associated with the TMG score were identified using WGCNA. Two key genes, CDC25C and USP39, which were closely associated with prognosis, were screened through differential expression analysis, and a risk score model was constructed. The model showed good survival prediction in both TCGA and GSE17537 independent cohorts. The scores of activated CD4 T cells, Type 17 T helper cells, Type 2 T helper cells, and neutrophils in the high-risk patients were lower, while the score of macrophages was higher in high-risk patients. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between the risk score and the IC50 values of most drugs, as well as the enriched pathways of patients at high risk, which included epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and myogenesis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study unveiled a TMG-related signature that predicts prognosis and immunotherapy in CRC. Based on the 2 prognostically relevant genes CDC25C and USP39, a reliable risk score model was established for the prognostic prediction, and the correlation between the drug sensitivity and the risk score was also explored.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the significant value of TMGs in CRC prognostic assessment and immunotherapy response prediction, providing a new molecular basis for the development of individualized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced M1-type Macrophages Enhance T Cell Activity and Promote the Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.","authors":"Mengchen Song, Tian Yang, Manzhen He, Guohong Cao","doi":"10.2174/0115680266394539250707102011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266394539250707102011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. M1 macrophages exhibit dual roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME), but the specific mechanisms underlying their involvement in HCC remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>M1-polarized macrophages were differentiated from THP-1 monocytes employing Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA) and LPS. Then, macrophage activity was determined based on Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI), and their metabolic capacity was assessed according to extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR). Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess the expression of polarization-related genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that LPS at a concentration higher than 10 ng/mL significantly affected the viability of macrophages differentiated from THP-1 monocytes but promoted the MFI of CD86. At the same time, LPS treatment notably enhanced the M1 polarization of macrophages, as evidenced by the upregulated expression of markers related to the M1 phenotype. Moreover, the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism of M1 macrophages shifted toward aerobic glycolysis under LPS treatment. When T-cells and HCC cells were co-cultured with M1 macrophages, the reactivity of T cells was enhanced, and the level of Bax (an apoptosis-enhancer) was increased. At the same time, the expression of Bcl-2 (an apoptosis-suppressor) was suppressed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>LPS-induced M1 macrophages exert antitumor effects through metabolic reprogramming and immune modulation, though further mechanistic studies are needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>M1 macrophages inhibit HCC progression by activating T cells and inducing tumor cell apoptosis, offering novel insights for HCC immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}