Anna Paula de Oliveira Souza, Lucas Alves de Lima, Paula Angélica Burgos Ferreira, Rosa Fireman Dutra
{"title":"Advances in Cervical Cancer Diagnostics Based on Immunosensors: Innovative Approaches and Tumor Biomarkers.","authors":"Anna Paula de Oliveira Souza, Lucas Alves de Lima, Paula Angélica Burgos Ferreira, Rosa Fireman Dutra","doi":"10.2174/0115680266366335250314081522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266366335250314081522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunosensors are promising analytical tools for screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer (CC) due to being practical, rapid and economical as compared with conventional methods. Choosing a sensible and specific tumor marker (TM) serving as target which is immobilized on sensor surface is a crucial step for a CC immunosensor. In addition, the transducer design involving optical, piezoelectric or electrochemical converting of antigen-antibody interaction in the analytical signals could be projected to achieve a maximal sensitivity, guarantying accuracy in the detection of CC. This review aims to describe more important TMs and transducers used for the development of immunosensors for CC. An overview of experimental articles published in the last decade designed to detect TM associated with CC, using optical, electrochemical and piezoelectric transductions mode are discussed. Although serological TM, such as SCCa, CEA and CA125 are still predominantly used, new biomarkers including the P16, MCM5 and PP1γ2 have been considered specific and reliable for CC diagnostic. Recently, new strategies such as multiplex assays and samples obtained directly from tumor tissue, as well self-sampling, have been proposed to overcome several limitations. Optical and electrochemical are the most popular transducers, and nanoparticles as electrochemical probes and sandwich assays have been the strategies for increasing the limit of detection and sensitivity of immunosensors for CC diagnostic.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laccaic Acid A: A Natural Anthraquinone with Potent Anticancer Activity against MDA-MB-231 Cells.","authors":"Pankaj Dagur, Suddhasattya Dey, Rajdeep Dey, Hardik Bhatt, Manik Ghosh","doi":"10.2174/0115680266338478250314231400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266338478250314231400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to isolate and evaluate the anticancer potential of laccaic acids from lac dye by utilizing polarity-based fractionation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, polarity-based fractionation of lac dye was performed to isolate its constituents. A novel HPLC method was developed for the chromatographic separation of lac dye components, utilizing gradient elution with two solvents: 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in LCMS-grade water (A) and 90:10 acetonitrile HPLC-grade (B) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. This method facilitated the isolation of four key constituents: laccaic acid D, laccaic acid B, laccaic acid C, and laccaic acid A.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The purity of these compounds was confirmed via LCMS methods. The anticancer activity of the isolated constituents was evaluated against the MDA-MB-231 cell line using the MTT assay. Notably, laccaic acid A demonstrated significant anticancer activity with an IC50 value of less than 100 nM, comparable to that of Adriamycin. Further investigations into the apoptotic activity of laccaic acid A were conducted using flow cytometry, revealing that laccaic acid A is a non-necrotic and apoptotic inducer. Additionally, considering that an effective anticancer agent may also exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenesis properties, the isolated laccaic acids were accessed for these biological activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results were promising, indicating that laccaic acids could offer a multifaceted approach to cancer treatment. This study highlights the potential of laccaic acids as valuable candidates for anticancer therapy and warrants further investigation into their mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmet Güneş, Furkan Meletli, Özkan Danış, Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş, Bahattin Yalçın
{"title":"Synthesis of New Axially Coumarin Disubstituted Silicon(IV) Phthalocyanines, Investigation of their DNA-Binding Properties and Inhibitory Activities on Ache and Buche.","authors":"Ahmet Güneş, Furkan Meletli, Özkan Danış, Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş, Bahattin Yalçın","doi":"10.2174/0115680266368541250311084659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266368541250311084659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, we report on the synthesis and characterization of new silicon (IV) phthalocyanine compounds (SiPcs) axially substituted with coumarin-linked derivatives, designed for potential application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their photophysical properties.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Characterization was carried out using FT-IR, UV-Vis, MALDI-TOF-MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the SiPcs produced singlet oxygen with quantum yields of 0.17 to 0.19, assessed by the DPBF quenching method. DNA binding studies via UV-Vis spectroscopy and molecular docking suggested high binding affinities (ΔG0 values between -9.90 to -10.4 kcal/mol) and stable interactions with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Furthermore, the compounds showed promising inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), with IC50 values indicating higher potency and selectivity compared to galantamine, a known cholinesterase inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined singlet oxygen generation, DNA binding, and enzyme inhibition data underscore the potential of these SiPc-coumarin derivatives as multifunctional agents for PDT and neuroprotective applications such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Applications of Computational Tools in PROTAC Development.","authors":"Wangqiu He, Kejia Yan, Zhou Chen, Lianhua Piao, Shan Chang, Ren Kong","doi":"10.2174/0115680266365625250313061523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266365625250313061523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing importance of PROTACs (proteolysis-targeting chimeras) has attracted significant attention from both the academic community and industry. PROTACs are heterobifunctional small molecules that can bind to both the protein of interest (POI) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3), inducing ubiquitinated degradation of POI. The unique mechanisms of PROTACs, such as event-driven pharmacology and modulation of protein degradation, provide novel therapeutic modalities for various diseases, including oncology, antiviral therapies, neurodegenerative diseases, acne, and others. Numerous computational methods, including structural prediction, molecular generation, and molecular dynamics simulation, have been applied in the development of PROTAC molecules. This review introduces the fundamental principles of computational tools used in PROTAC design, as well as typical examples validated by experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances in Di-, Tri-Substituted Mono-Thiazoles, and Bis-Thiazoles: Factors Affecting Biological Activities, Future Aspects, and Challenges.","authors":"Minakshi -, Poonam Kaswan, Karan Singh, Devi -, Rashmi Singh, Nitish Yadav, Mantesh Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0115680266334873250316102556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266334873250316102556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thiazole, a five-membered heterocycle containing sulfur and nitrogen, is a pivotal component in the design and synthesis of organic derivatives. Its prevalence in natural sources and its integral role in the structure of drug molecules has made it a focal point for researchers. In this study, we compiled and reviewed research from the past decade and categorized the synthesized thiazole compounds into three groups (di-substituted mono-thiazoles, tri-substituted monothiazoles, and bis-thiazoles) based on how the substituents are attached to the thiazole scaffold and additionally discussed the different techniques used by researchers to measure the antimicrobial activity of newly created compounds. Additionally, we discussed various methodologies employed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of related compounds, aiming to validate the potency of these compounds. This research holds promise in aiding the development of antibiotic replacement amidst the antibiotic resistance crisis, consolidating knowledge of antimicrobial properties of thiazole- based compounds and their potential in combating antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yake Jin, Xuan Lei, Ying Zhang, Rong Gao, Xin Ke, Xi Duan, Xiao Song
{"title":"Guchang Zhixie Pill: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Applications, Toxicological Profile, and Quality Markers.","authors":"Yake Jin, Xuan Lei, Ying Zhang, Rong Gao, Xin Ke, Xi Duan, Xiao Song","doi":"10.2174/0115680266328765250217050926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266328765250217050926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study systematically reviews the clinical applications, toxicological profile, and quality markers of Guchang Zhixie Pill, offering a reference for its rational clinical use, as well as its quality and safety assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant literature on the historical development, clinical applications, toxicology, and molecular characteristics of Guchang Zhixie Pill was retrieved from CNKI (https://www. cnki.net/), VIP (https://www.cqvip.com/), Sci-Hub (https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/), TCMSP (https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php), Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.cz/schhp?hl=zh-CN), and PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Quality markers were predicted and analyzed based on established criteria to provide a scientific basis for ensuring clinical safety and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Formulated based on Wumei Pill, Guchang Zhixie Pill is widely used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Quality marker prediction and analysis, conducted in accordance with the \"five principles\" of quality marker identification, indicated that ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, citric acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, coptisine, berberine hydrochloride, (+)-magnoflorine, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, dehydrocostus lactone, papaverine, noscapine, palmatine, and corydaline serve as potential Q-markers for this formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a classical prescription for intestinal astringency and antidiarrheal therapy, ensuring its rational clinical application is essential. The identification of 16 quality markers provides a scientific reference for quality control in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flaviana Alves Dos Santos, Joelson Germano Crispim, Eduardo Davi Lima da Silva, Arsênio Rodrigues Oliveira, Aldilane Gonçalves da Fonseca, Telma Maria Araújo Moura Lemos, Ana Cristina Lima Leite, Michelle Melgarejo da Rosa, Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta, Michelly Cristiny Pereira, Ivan Rocha Pitta, Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo
{"title":"Multimodal Activity of a Novel Compound against Prostate and Pancreatic Cancer.","authors":"Flaviana Alves Dos Santos, Joelson Germano Crispim, Eduardo Davi Lima da Silva, Arsênio Rodrigues Oliveira, Aldilane Gonçalves da Fonseca, Telma Maria Araújo Moura Lemos, Ana Cristina Lima Leite, Michelle Melgarejo da Rosa, Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta, Michelly Cristiny Pereira, Ivan Rocha Pitta, Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo","doi":"10.2174/0115680266351687250309020134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266351687250309020134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate and pancreatic cancers pose significant global health challenges. This study explored the potential of compound 5b, a novel phthalimido-1,3-thiazole derivative, as an anticancer agent against these malignancies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vitro, compound 5b exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against both prostate (DU-145 and PC-3) and pancreatic (Panc-1 and Mia Paca-2) cancer cell lines. Notably, it significantly reduced colony formation in PC-3 cells, potentially hindering tumor growth. Furthermore, treatment with compound 5b suppressed cell migration and induced cell cycle arrest in the PC-3 line. Additionally, it triggered cell death through late apoptosis and necrosis at higher concentrations. Safety evaluations in mice revealed no mortality or adverse effects after a 30-day treatment with compound 5b. Key blood parameters (hematology) and biochemical markers of liver and kidney function remained unaltered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compound 5b significantly reduced colony formation, suppressed cell migration, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis/necrosis in prostate cancer cells. In vivo, safety evaluations showed no adverse effects in treated mice, with blood and biochemical markers remaining normal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that compound 5b holds promise for further development as a therapeutic option for prostate and pancreatic cancers. Its multimodal activity profile, targeting cell viability, migration, cell cycle progression, and cell death, warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inflecting Factors on Alzheimer's Disease Progression: The Interaction of Gut Microbiome, Oxidative Stress, and Nutritional Interventions.","authors":"Melih Dagdeviren, Elif Bozcal","doi":"10.2174/0115680266342624241127071044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266342624241127071044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurological condition caused by various factors. Diet, oxidative stress, and the gut microbiota all play critical roles in the development of AD. Recent studies suggested a bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain, emphasizing the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in influencing cognitive functions. For instance, dysbiosis, a disruption in the balance of gut microbial communities, has been linked to neuroinflammation and the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, hallmark features of AD. Oxidative stress, arising from an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, contributes significantly to AD pathology. The molecular mechanisms through which oxidative stress impacts neuronal health and exacerbates the cognitive decline in AD patients are also relevant. Moreover, nutritional interventions emerge as promising strategies to modulate these inflecting factors. Dietary components, such as antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and polyphenols, exhibit neuroprotective effects, potentially mitigating AD progression. In contrast, the Western diet has a high potential to abet AD onset. Mediterranean diet and/or intermittent fasting are more valuable diets that may help delay the AD onset or progression. Limitations like individual differences affect the efficacy of nutritional interventions. As a supporting therapy, personalized diets should be applied according to the patients' special needs/microbiomes in the future. To gather current knowledge on the interconnected roles of the gut microbiome, oxidative stress, and nutritional interventions in AD is crucial. Understanding these interactions may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches, as well as disputing the potential diets that can help improve AD patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Abdullah Gilani, Zakira Naureen, Javid Hussain, Thuraya Saud Saif Al Naabi, Basma Saad Amin, Fazal Mabood, Quazi Mohammed Imranul Haq, Dawood Ahmad, Ajmal Khan
{"title":"Ethnobotanical Study of Knowledge and Herbal Recipes of Medicinal Plants in Ancient Izki, Al Dakhliya Region, Sultanate of Oman.","authors":"Syed Abdullah Gilani, Zakira Naureen, Javid Hussain, Thuraya Saud Saif Al Naabi, Basma Saad Amin, Fazal Mabood, Quazi Mohammed Imranul Haq, Dawood Ahmad, Ajmal Khan","doi":"10.2174/0115680266356922250305073400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266356922250305073400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The medicinal plants of Izki hold significant ethnopharmacological relevance, serving as primary healthcare resources for generations. These plants exhibit known pharmacological properties, making them crucial for traditional and modern therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary goal of this study was to record, conserve, and analyze the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Izki. It also aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these plants for treating various ailments while identifying their pharmacological relevance for modern applications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved interviews with 300 local residents to record their traditional knowledge of therapeutic herbs. Quantitative methods were employed. Plant specimens were collected, identified, and submitted to the herbarium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study recorded 65 medicinal plants (22 cultivated, 43 wild) used for 62 disease categories. Eye diseases (0.721; 13 taxa) and bone fractures (0.700; 13 taxa) showed higher consensus among respondents. FL% analysis highlighted Tephrosia apollinea (69.2%), Trachyspermum ammi (62.5%), and Azadirachta indica (53.3%) as culturally significant. Rhazya stricta emerged as an antirheumatic agent, reflecting shared ethnobotanical practices between India and Oman. Plants like Rhazya stricta, Fagonia indica, Trachyspermum ammi, and Ziziphus spina-christi demonstrated consistent regional applications, underscoring their potential for pharmacological investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores Izki's rich ethnobotanical knowledge, with extensive use of leaves, fruits, and whole plants for medicinal, dietary, and hygienic purposes. Conservation efforts, sustainable harvesting, and collaborations with pharmaceutical sciences are essential to validate the pharmacological potential of Rhazya stricta, Fagonia indica, Trachyspermum ammi, and Ziziphus spina-christi and bridge traditional knowledge with modern medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fahad Khan, Prashant Chauhan, Seema Ramniwas, Meenakshi Verma, Shivam Pandey, Suhas Ballal, Sanjay Kumar, Mahakshit Bhat, Shilpa Sharma, M Ravi Kumar, Sorabh Lakhanpal, Pratibha Pandey
{"title":"Natural Compounds and their Nano-formulations in Combating Autophagy-mediated Drug Resistance in Human Cancers.","authors":"Fahad Khan, Prashant Chauhan, Seema Ramniwas, Meenakshi Verma, Shivam Pandey, Suhas Ballal, Sanjay Kumar, Mahakshit Bhat, Shilpa Sharma, M Ravi Kumar, Sorabh Lakhanpal, Pratibha Pandey","doi":"10.2174/0115680266345188250304064600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266345188250304064600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagy is a crucial mechanism that maintains cellular homeostasis and has emerged as a pivotal factor in cancer progression and drug resistance. Despite autophagic regulations being a complex process, convincing evidence shows that PI3K-Akt-mTOR, LKB1-AMPK-mTOR, and p53 pathways are the primary upstream regulators of the autophagy process. Currently, there is an immense amount of evidence demonstrating that autophagy plays a crucial role in cancer. It is worth noting that autophagy increases cancer cells' resistance to chemotherapy and anticancerous drugs. According to studies, cancer cells employ autophagy to evade the cytotoxic impacts of several anticancer drugs, resulting in autophagy-mediated drug resistance. This resistance brings a significant challenge to cancer management, emphasising the need for improved therapeutic strategies to overcome this obstacle and enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments. Therefore, this review gathers current data and findings to understand the intricate mechanism between autophagymediated drug resistance and cancer progression. Moreover, this study highlights the intriguing role of natural compounds and nano-formulations in combating autophagy-mediated drug resistance in various carcinomas, presenting a promising avenue for the effective management of cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}