{"title":"Endocrine-disrupting effects of contaminants on communication and behaviors of insects: from molecular effects to ecological consequences","authors":"David Siaussat , Amandine Avilès","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An increasing number of studies have highlighted the insidious effects of endocrine disruptors on insect endocrinology, development, and behavior, prompting concerns regarding the ecological consequences of these pollutants. This review explores the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on insect communication and behavior, focusing on the molecular mechanisms and ecological consequences. This study underscores the importance of addressing EDC risks in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning under stress: how the insect brain copes","authors":"Jean-Marc Devaud","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insects can adjust their behaviours through learning and memory, but this rather costly capacity is often impacted by stressors. Here, we address how this impact can be mediated by hormones and neuropeptides that are part of the insect physiological response to stress. While we only have a partial view of the involved regulatory interactions, recent work has contributed to unravel how these signals can modulate neural activity in response to stress. By targeting different neuron populations and/or processes, they appear to participate in a coordinated modulation that can either downregulate or preserve different aspects of learning and memory. However, our current knowledge is based on studies restricted to fruit flies and honey bees, usually focusing on a single stressor at a time. Thus, we call for comparative studies between responses to multiple stressors, and across a larger panel of species since these two models already appear to have notable specificities, possibly be related to solitary or social lifestyle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ice queens: bumble bee social organization shaped by adaptations to cold climates","authors":"Margarita Orlova","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bumble bees are an economically and ecologically important group of social insects distributed primarily in boreal and temperate zones. Their social organization is distinct from that of other obligately eusocial taxa, likely because of their climatic adaptations. Queens differ from workers in physiological traits related to cold tolerance, such as size and lipid reserves. They directly manipulate the development of their offspring, reducing its size and developmental time. Manipulation of brood development and variance in body size among adults are important organizing features of bumblebee sociality. Investigation of these traits and of their diversity across species offers an insight into proximate mechanisms underlying evolutionary changes. Here, I review the recent body of work on bumble bee social organization, as well as open questions and directions for future study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genetic control strategies for population suppression in the Anopheles gambiae complex: a review of current technologies","authors":"Alekos Simoni , Ignacio Tolosana , Federica Bernardini","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malaria continues to pose a critical public health threat, with mosquitoes from the <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> complex acting as the main vectors of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa, where approximately 95% of malaria-related deaths occur. Despite significant advancements in vector control, such as insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor spraying, the effectiveness of these interventions is increasingly compromised by various challenges, including rising levels of insecticide and pathogen resistance, mosquito behavioural adaptations, and persistent funding gaps. In this context, genetic vector control strategies have shown considerable promise, primarily based on findings from controlled laboratory studies. This review explores the development of these genetic approaches within the <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> complex and outlines future directions for their advancement and potential integration into malaria control efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Klammsteiner , Carina D Heussler , Heribert Insam , Jeffery K Tomberlin , Birgit C Schlick-Steiner , Florian M Steiner
{"title":"Exploring interkingdom communication: the case of black soldier fly mass-rearing","authors":"Thomas Klammsteiner , Carina D Heussler , Heribert Insam , Jeffery K Tomberlin , Birgit C Schlick-Steiner , Florian M Steiner","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interkingdom communication through volatile organic compounds influences interactions among organisms at a level often imperceptible to humans. Artificial settings that depend on the biotechnical exploitation of biological processes, such as the rapidly expanding sector of insect farming, are strongly affected by this often-overlooked multiway communication. Here, we aim to portray the significance of interkingdom communication influencing insect behavior. We use the black soldier fly (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) as a model system to introduce the necessary actions to improve our understanding of communication between insects and microbes. Successful exploration of this phenomenon could transform the bioeconomy by improving insect mass-rearing processes and enhancing insect welfare. By interlocking behavioral and molecular ecology, chemistry, microbiology, and bioinformatics, we can uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions and develop practical applications for improved industrial practices. Future work should focus on pursuing research avenues to untangle the interwoven nature of insect behavior and microbial communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando G Noriega , Guy Bloch , Martin Moos , Petr Simek , Marek Jindra
{"title":"Approaches to quantify and manipulate insect hormone signals","authors":"Fernando G Noriega , Guy Bloch , Martin Moos , Petr Simek , Marek Jindra","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hormones play a decisive role in many aspects of insect biology. To study processes controlled by hormones, one needs methods to identify and quantify hormone titers and tools to enhance or suppress hormonal signaling experimentally. In this review, we focus on the key lipidic insect hormones, the juvenile hormones (JHs), and the ecdysteroids. The lipophilic nature of JH and ecdysteroids in combination with their low endogenous titers makes handling and quantification challenging but feasible owing to the improvement of analytical detection methods. Chemical and genetic approaches to modulate hormonal homeostasis have been developed based on knowledge of hormone biosynthetic and biodegrading enzymes, transporters, and receptors and enabled by advances in reverse genetics techniques. Here, we overview contemporary methods available to detect and quantify JHs and ecdysteroids from insect samples and to manipulate endocrine homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei-Jiun Lin , Po-Wei Hsu , Edward L Vargo , Chin-Cheng Scotty Yang
{"title":"Microbial, genetic, and urban drivers of ant invasions","authors":"Wei-Jiun Lin , Po-Wei Hsu , Edward L Vargo , Chin-Cheng Scotty Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive ants are among the most destructive invaders worldwide, causing ecological disruption, economic losses, and public health risks. While classic traits such as polygyny, colony budding, and supercoloniality are well-known contributors to their success, emerging research reveals a broader suite of mechanisms driving their invasiveness. This review synthesizes recent findings on the microbial, genetic, and behavioral factors that facilitate ant invasions. Microbial interactions play a crucial role; invasive ants often exhibit a loss of natural enemies, including microbial pathogens such as <em>Wolbachia</em>. However, <em>Wolbachia</em> has received growing attention for its potential mutualistic role in enhancing colony productivity and nutrient provisioning. The bridgehead effect, wherein invasive populations establish strategic hubs that facilitate secondary invasions, has been increasingly recognized as a key driver of global ant spread and may promote genetic intermixing among invasive lineages. Genetic mechanisms such as double clonality, sexually antagonistic selection, and tolerance to inbreeding help invasive ants maintain genetic diversity despite founding populations often consisting of relatively few individuals. Additionally, urban environments impose unique selective pressures that may lead to adaptations favoring success across all stages of the invasion process. This framework aligns with the Anthropogenically Induced Adaptation to Invade (AIAI) hypothesis and helps explain why many urban-adapted ants become globally invasive. As urbanization continues to expand, human-modified landscapes may inadvertently serve as breeding grounds for future invasive species. Understanding these multifaceted invasion dynamics provides critical insights for managing invasive ant populations and mitigating their widespread impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucio Navarro-Escalante , A H M Zuberi Ashraf , Sean P Leonard , Jeffrey E Barrick
{"title":"Protecting honey bees through microbiome engineering","authors":"Lucio Navarro-Escalante , A H M Zuberi Ashraf , Sean P Leonard , Jeffrey E Barrick","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honey bees are indispensable insects. Their pollination services support modern agriculture and natural ecosystems. Managed honey bee colonies face increasing threats to their survival, ranging from environmental stressors that include agrochemicals to infestations of arthropod pests and infections with microbial pathogens. Like humans, honey bees have a native gut microbiome that supports their health. However, the bee gut microbiome has a simpler composition than the gut microbiome of mammals, and its main constituent bacterial species can be easily cultured outside of the host. This experimental tractability and the need for new methods for protecting hive health have made honey bees a testbed for synthetic microbiomes augmented with probiotic bacteria and engineered DNA. Here, we discuss the natural benefits of bee gut bacteria, recent progress in genetically modifying these bacteria, and how symbiont-mediated RNA interference and other microbiome engineering approaches can boost bee immunity and suppress bee pathogens and parasites. Finally, we discuss how emerging methods for microbiome engineering and biocontainment could be applied to honey bees and used to address challenges in translating these proof-of-principle achievements into safe and effective technologies for field applications at scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To each their own: the diversity of primary sex determination signals in insects.","authors":"Filippo Guerra, Eveline C Verhulst","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2025.101414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In insects, sex is defined via a cascade of signals constituted by an initial primary signal, an autoregulatory signal, and an actuator that causes sexual differentiation. The cascade is conserved at the level of the actuator, Doublesex, whilst primary signals are hypervariable. These primary sex-determination signals evolve and diversify under the pressure of environmental and genomic forces and within the context of the diverse insect sex-determination systems. We report the known primary sex-determination signals and provide an overview of the forces that drive their evolution. We highlight that closely related species can have different primary sex determination signals, yet these are often functionally conserved in either kick-starting (loop starters) or interrupting (loop breakers) the default sex determination cascade.</p>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":" ","pages":"101414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}