{"title":"Recent approaches lead to a deeper understanding of diverse segmentation mechanisms in insects, with a focus on the pair-rule genes","authors":"Katie Reding, Leslie Pick","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The division of the insect embryo into repeated units — segments — is a fundamental feature of the body plan. The genes controlling this process in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> were identified in genetic screens and characterized in that species in numerous studies in the 1980s and 1990s. These genes form a well-established hierarchy and have been leveraged to examine gene regulation, transcriptional machinery, chromatin structure, and more. Much of the genetic toolkit identified in <em>Drosophila</em> is highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom, spearheading the field of evolutionary developmental biology or Evo-Devo. Accordingly, a ‘<em>Drosophila</em>-centric’ approach has examined the evolutionary conservation of orthologs of <em>Drosophila</em> segmentation genes in closely and distantly related insects. Here, we report on progress in both <em>Drosophila</em> and emerging model insects in recent years (2022 to present), with much of the new research related to the pair-rule subset of segmentation genes. We highlight new findings on ‘classic’ <em>Drosophila</em> genes, revealing unexpected roles of genes and cis-regulatory elements in this species. We further report on the expanding knowledge about mechanisms regulating to segmentation in emerging model insects that are distantly related to <em>Drosophila</em>, including those that pattern segments sequentially. We also describe technical advances in both <em>Drosophila</em> and nonmodel species that are currently progressing research in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101317"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcelo G Lorenzo, Sharon R Hill, Rickard Ignell, Claudio R Lazzari
{"title":"Editorial overview: Special section on vector sensory ecology (2024)","authors":"Marcelo G Lorenzo, Sharon R Hill, Rickard Ignell, Claudio R Lazzari","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101316"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the role of chemical ecology in plant-pathogen, vector, and secondary consumer interactions and their consequences for integrated pest management","authors":"Xavier Martini , Lukasz L. Stelinski","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytopathogens modify chemical communication between host plants and herbivorous vectors of those pathogens. These chemical cues often attract vectors to sources of inoculum and facilitate the further spread of the pathogens. Recent investigations have demonstrated that secondary consumers also respond to the same pathogen-induced cues that affect the behavior of vectors. Therefore, efforts to manipulate the behavior of natural enemies to improve biological control may yield unpredictable outcomes since coincident volatiles are induced by herbivory and pathogen attacks. We suggest that case-specific analyses of the costs and benefits of these multitrophic interactions are required to translate biological findings into integrated pest management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101307"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Like a moth to a flame: the effect of megafires on pollinators and pollination systems","authors":"Tanya Latty, Caitlyn Forster","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire is a natural part of many ecosystems; however, as a consequence of climate change, unusually large ‘megafires’ are expected to increase in occurrence. Given their large spatial extent, the impacts of megafire on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning could differ substantially from the impacts of typically sized fires, even in fire-adapted ecosystems. In this review, we investigate the potential impacts of megafires on pollination systems. The extensive spatial extent of megafires can lead to large amounts of habitat being exposed to high-severity fires, which may increase insect mortality, especially for taxa that cannot take refuge in underground nests or other refuges. In the most extreme cases, megafires may result in the local — or global — extinction of plant and pollinator species, which, in turn, can trigger co-extinctions and lessen the resilience of pollination networks. In addition, smoke can exacerbate initial mortality by interfering with insect sensory systems, decreasing foraging behaviours, and negatively impacting insect health and immunity. Worryingly, smoke can impact pollination systems thousands of kilometres away from the fire. The negative effects of megafires may be exacerbated by inter-connected nonlinear feedback loops such as extinction cascades, colony collapse and Allee effects, which may make the response of pollination systems to fires harder to predict. Since megafires will almost certainly become a feature of our future, understanding how interconnected stressors will impact pollinators and pollination systems is key to safeguarding global pollination systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101304"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drashti R Parmar , Nikolas P Johnston , James F Wallman , Krzysztof Szpila
{"title":"Blowfly genomics: current insights, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives","authors":"Drashti R Parmar , Nikolas P Johnston , James F Wallman , Krzysztof Szpila","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blowflies (Calliphoridae) form a diverse, species-rich group, yet publicly available genome assemblies are limited to only 16 species, despite recent genomic advances. This knowledge gap extends to mitogenomes and barcode databases, which mainly focus on medically and veterinary-important species. While blowfly phylogenetics has progressed, additional genome sequencing is crucial for various subfamilies, given their diverse life histories. This review presents a quantitative overview of available genetic information for blowflies, highlighting substantial gaps in public databases. DNA barcodes, mitogenomes, and genomes represent only 16.5% (342 species), ∼3% (53 species), and <1% (16 species) of known family diversity, respectively. While 183 genomics-related calliphorid BioProjects are recorded by NCBI, many subfamilies and genera have limited or no genomic representation, impacting studies on identification, systematics, phylogenetics, and evolution. We stress the urgent need for high-quality reference genomes and highlight target species representing all blowfly subfamilies to support a new era of rapid, low-cost genomic research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101305"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anthropogenic influences on parasitoid wasps’ biocontrol of invasive insect pest species in Africa","authors":"Fathiya M Khamis, Inusa J Ajene","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable agriculture is crucial to ensuring food and nutritional security and improving livelihoods of millions across Africa. However, agricultural production is constrained by native and invasive pests. Indiscriminate insecticide use is often the first line of action to manage these pests, harming human and animal health, and impacting biodiversity. Thus, shifting to more ecologically sustainable alternatives is key to biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture. Biological control is a core component of integrated pest management strategies, and natural enemies, like parasitoid wasps, are considered one of the most environmentally sustainable means of managing pests. However, the Anthropocene plays a significant role in the success and sustainability of this approach. Therefore, here, we provide a look at the influence of anthropological activities, the scope of the application of parasitoids as biocontrol agents of invasive pests, and the current trends in parasitoid utilization in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anticipating evolutionary responses of mosquito mating systems to population suppression with mass-reared males","authors":"Lauren J Cator , Michael B Bonsall","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strategies that rely on the mass release of males to suppress mosquito populations will exert selective pressure on natural mating systems. Here, we investigate how mass releases might affect the mating behaviors of wild target populations. We highlight gaps in our understanding of both variation in these aspects of mosquito behavior and the evolutionary forces that maintain variation within and between populations. We provide a mathematical framework for integrating mosquito mating ecology into models of population suppression. Given that these strategies are being increasingly deployed, anticipating and managing evolutionary responses of target population behavior should be a priority for research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101302"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margarita M López-Uribe , Eduardo AB Almeida , Denise Araujo Alves
{"title":"Adapting to change: bee pollinator signatures in anthropized environments","authors":"Margarita M López-Uribe , Eduardo AB Almeida , Denise Araujo Alves","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bees are essential pollinators for wild, ornamental, and agricultural plants, but human activities have disrupted their habitats, threatening their persistence. Although bees face numerous challenges in habitats heavily modified by human activities, certain species persist and thrive there. This review synthesizes recent literature on two types of traits that help bees survive in human-modified environments: preadaptive traits, which evolved before these environments existed, and adaptive traits, which have evolved in response to new conditions. This review highlights our limited understanding of adaptive traits and examines how trait combinations, including those influenced by epigenetics, contribute to bees’ success in these altered habitats. Additionally, we discuss the promising use of genomic tools to reveal signatures of adaptation in these important pollinators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101297"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Olfactory coding in the mosquito antennal lobe: labeled lines or combinatorial code?","authors":"Abin Thomas , Madhurima Roy , Nitin Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Odors serve as important cues for many behaviors in mosquitoes, including host-seeking, foraging, and oviposition. They are detected by olfactory receptor neurons present in the sensory organs, whose axons take this signal to the antennal lobe, the first olfactory processing center in the insect brain. We review the organization and the functioning of the antennal lobe in mosquitoes, focusing on two populations of interneurons present there: the local neurons (LNs) and the projection neurons (PNs). LNs enable information processing in the antennal lobe by providing lateral inhibition and excitation. PNs carry the processed output to downstream neurons in the lateral horn and the mushroom body. We compare the ideas of labeled lines and combinatorial codes, and argue that the PN population encodes odors combinatorially. Throughout this review, we discuss the observations from <em>Aedes</em>, <em>Anopheles</em>, and <em>Culex</em> mosquitoes in the context of previous findings from <em>Drosophila</em> and other insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101299"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genomics of insect natural enemies in agroecosystems","authors":"Xinhai Ye , Yi Yang , Qi Fang , Gongyin Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cois.2024.101298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, a wealth of genomic data are now accessible for numerous insect natural enemies, serving as valuable resources that deepen our understanding of the genetic basis of biocontrol traits in these organisms. We summarize the current state of genome sequencing and highlight candidate genes related to biocontrol traits that hold promise for genetic improvement. We also review the recent population genomic studies in biological control and the discovery of potential insecticidal genes in parasitoid wasps. Collectively, current genomic works have shown the powerful ability to identify candidate genes responsible for desirable traits or promising effectors. However, further functional study is necessary to gain a mechanistic understanding of these genes, and future efforts are also needed to develop suitable approaches to translate genomic insights into field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11038,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in insect science","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}