Current Applied Physics最新文献

{"title":"Scalable assembly of algorithmic DNA lattices using combined 3-input logic rules","authors":"Thi Bich Ngoc Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thi Hong Nhung Vu ,&nbsp;Anshula Tandon,&nbsp;Sungjin Lee,&nbsp;Yeonju Nam,&nbsp;Sung Ha Park","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA-based algorithmic self-assembly provides a versatile platform for parallel computation and nanoscale pattern generation. Logic gates constructed from DNA rule tiles enable programmable lattices capable of performing complex mathematical operations. Here, we present a combinatorial method for generating diverse algorithmic patterns using 3-input 1-output logic rules. By combining complementary rule sets (e.g., {R017, R238}) and non-complementary sets (e.g., {R019, R238}), we designed specific rule and operator tiles that reduce the number of unique tiles required while expanding the range of implementable logic functions. The resulting DNA lattices were experimentally validated using atomic force microscopy, and observed patterns closely matched theoretical predictions, demonstrating high fidelity and reliability. This approach improves scalability and efficiency compared with conventional single-rule assemblies and provides a practical route toward constructing complex computational architectures at the nanoscale, with potential applications in molecular computing, programmable nanomaterials, and DNA-based information processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 333-340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of optoelectrical properties of silicon heterojunction solar cells by using ITO/SiOx DLARC with NH3 plasma treatment","authors":"Seok Jin Jang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar ,&nbsp;Hasnain Yousuf ,&nbsp;Alamgeer ,&nbsp;Junhan Bae ,&nbsp;Yeojin Jeong ,&nbsp;Yunhui Jang ,&nbsp;Youngkuk Kim ,&nbsp;Sangheon Park ,&nbsp;Woo Kyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Junsin Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells have attracted significant interest due to their high efficiency and low temperature coefficient. Anti-reflective coating (ARC) is used to increase light absorption and short circuit current density (<em>J</em>_<em>sc</em><em>)</em> of SHJ solar cell. Indium Tin Oixde (ITO) is commonly used ARC coating for SHJ solar cell because ITO has high conductivity and low resistance properties. To enhance the characteristics of the ARC, an additional transparent electrode with a lower refractive index than ITO was deposited. This increases the amount of light refracted into the solar cell, allowing for greater light absorption. This study focuses on enhancing the optical and electrical properties and J_sc by improving the ITO layer and ITO/SiO_x double layer ARC on the solar cell. Since SiO_x has low moisture stability and a refractive index is lower than 1.5, it is difficult to use it directly in solar cells. Therefore, NH₃ plasma post-treatment was applied to develop an ARC suitable for solar cell applications. Using RF/DC power sputtering for ITO and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for SiO_x to make Double Layer of Antireflective coating (DLARC) and NH₃ plasma treatment. This structure increased transmittance from 86.73 % to 89.6 % between 300 and 1100 nm spectrum. This resulted in a higher <em>J</em>_<em>sc</em> of 39.85 mA/cm² and a conversion efficiency of 21.8 %. Both simulations and experiments demonstrated that ITO/SiO_x DLARC with NH₃ plasm post treatment structure offers superior anti-reflection properties compared to single-layer ITO coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 72-81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel 2T0C DRAM architecture using feedback field-effect transistors for reliability improvement","authors":"Dahee Jin ,&nbsp;So Won Son ,&nbsp;Woojoo Lee ,&nbsp;Seongjae Cho ,&nbsp;Il Hwan Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scaling challenges of conventional one-transistor one-capacitor (1T1C) dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), such as increased refresh power consumption and the manufacturing complexities of high-aspect-ratio capacitors, have highlighted the need for alternative memory architectures. This work introduces a novel two-transistor (2T) DRAM architecture employing a feedback field-effect transistor (FBFET) as the read transistor in the memory cell. By eliminating the need for a charge-storage capacitor, the 2T structure effectively addresses scalability limitations. The positive feedback mechanism instrinsically expected in a FBFET enables a high ON/OFF current ratio, rapid switching, and stable read operations without requiring additional voltage sources. Through a series of Sentaurus technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations, the proposed 2T DRAM cell demonstrated significant improvements in retention time, storage node voltage stability, and read current accuracy compared with previous 2T DRAM cells composed of only metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). The influence of critical parameters including write bitline voltage (V_WBL) and channel length (L_CH) have been systematically analyzed. The results show that a shorter channel length enhances the positive feedback, while longer one degrades retention time due to elevation of energy barrier. Furthermore, the impact of the read transistor's gate oxide thickness has also been evaluated. Thicker oxide layers weaken gate control over the channel, leading to faster voltage decay at the storage node (SN) and reduced read current. The proposed 2T DRAM cell design achieves superior data retention, reduced refresh dependency, and enhanced energy efficiency, overcoming the limitations of conventional DRAM cell. These findings underscore the potential of the FBFET-embedded 2T DRAM cell for the next-generation memory applications in the data storage and hardware-oriented artificial intelligence (AI) chips.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arecanut organic residue-enhanced polymer films: An efficient catalyst for amidation reactions","authors":"Jasmine Jose ,&nbsp;Binish C J ,&nbsp;Jobish Johns ,&nbsp;Sony J. Chundattu ,&nbsp;Vijayasankar A V","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research introduces an innovative approach to repurpose agricultural by-products as catalysts in chemical synthesis, addressing waste disposal challenges. Composite films were developed using arecanut organic residue, an underexploited by-product, blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan. The films were synthesized through solvent casting and thermal curing, with experimental parameters systematically optimized. Physicochemical characterization confirmed successful integration of components and revealed structural properties. The catalytic efficiency of the films was evaluated in amide synthesis, a key reaction in pharmaceuticals. A blend of 1.5 g PVA, 0.3 g chitosan, and 1 mL arecanut residue achieved a 95 % yield in ester-amine reactions, attributed to synergistic interactions between the polymer matrix and reactive sites. The films exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining catalytic efficiency over three cycles. This study highlights the potential of arecanut residue-based composites as sustainable, efficient catalysts for industrially relevant transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La3+ doped at A-position improves the energy storage density of BNT-based lead-free energy storage ceramics","authors":"Yanchun Hu,&nbsp;Ying Zhao,&nbsp;Wenke Ma,&nbsp;Xianwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important energy storage device, dielectric capacitor plays an irreplaceable role in modern electronic and power systems because of its characteristics of fast charging, high output, long life and high temperature stability. Among various dielectric materials, Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-based energy storage ceramics with high saturation polarization are limited due to high conductivity and high residual polarization. In this paper, Bi_(0.5-x)Na_0.5La_xTiO₃ (denoted as BNL_xT) ceramic was prepared by solid state reaction method. By introducing La³⁺ at A position, the Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-based lead-free ceramic was modified to improve its relaxation characteristics and breakdown strength, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing energy storage density and energy storage efficiency. The introduction of La³⁺ at A position creates a wide temperature platform between dielectric anomalies, indicating that La³⁺ can effectively induce the relaxation characteristics of BNT ceramics. The breakdown strength is increased from 136 kV/cm of pure BNT ceramics to 198 kV/cm of Bi_0.455Na_0.5La_0.045TiO₃ ceramics, which is 1.46 times higher than before. The residual polarization decreased from 49.24 μC/cm² to 35.29 μC/cm², and the effective energy storage density increased from 0.80J/cm³ to 2.07J/cm³, an increase of 2.58 times than before. In addition, the energy storage efficiency achieved a transformation of 10.39 %–26.87 %, which is 2.59 times higher than pure BNT. The results show that La³⁺ can effectively induce the relaxation characteristics of BNT ceramics, improve the effective energy storage density and energy storage efficiency, and is a good dopant to optimize the energy storage performance of BNT-based ceramics, providing feasibility for optimizing the energy storage performance of BNT-based ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 204-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-twisted hybrid LC polarization rotator with ultra-broadband and low-voltage operation","authors":"Sang-Hee Lee,&nbsp;Seung-Won Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report an ultra-broadband and voltage-tunable polarization rotator based on a hybrid aligned nematic (HAN) liquid crystal cell with an intentional pre-twisted configuration. By employing a rubbing angle of ∼130° between the planar and vertical alignment layers, an initial twist angle of ∼30° is formed even in the absence of an external field. Applying a vertical electric field gradually lowers the polar angle of the LC molecules while preserving their azimuthal twist, thereby increasing their contribution to polarization rotation. The proposed structure achieves a continuous rotation of the polarization vector from 0° to 90° over a wavelength range of 200–2000 nm with a degree of linear polarization (DoLP) exceeding 0.9. Compared with previous approaches, this design operates at a significantly lower driving voltage (∼10 V) and eliminates the need for patterned electrodes, enhancing its compatibility with large-area and low-cost fabrication. The optical response is supported by director simulations and Jones matrix calculations, highlighting the physical mechanisms underlying its broadband and tunable polarization control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 219-223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydrothermal treatment on optical properties of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Lepidium sativum seeds and their applications","authors":"Mawlood Maajal Ali ,&nbsp;Jalal Abdulkareem Abbas ,&nbsp;Mustafa Nadhim Owaid ,&nbsp;Tahseen Ali Zaidan","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized through a green synthesis method using <em>Lepidium sativum</em> seeds, followed by hydrothermal treatment and cooling to form hydrothermally treated AuNPs (H-AuNPs). The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. Upon hydrothermal treatment, the color of the AuNPs shifted from red-purple to bright yellow. The AuNPs synthesized with <em>L. sativum</em> exhibited a typical surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) around 561 nm, indicating well-dispersed nanoparticles. However, the SPR in H-AuNPs was absent, suggesting potential structural changes, aggregation, or oxidation. The particle sizes of H-AuNPs ranged from 23 nm to 35 nm, while AuNPs exhibited a wider range of diameters. SEM analysis revealed that the AuNPs aggregated into spherical, ovoid, and uniform shapes. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature. Moreover, H-AuNPs demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity compared to AuNPs and the seed extract alone. Additionally, H-AuNPs showed superior catalytic activity in the decolorization of methylene blue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of soft magnetic properties in surface-oxidized Fe/Fe3O4 composites via Co-nanoparticle doping and hot pressing","authors":"Muhammad Arif ,&nbsp;Donghun Han ,&nbsp;Seunghun Cha ,&nbsp;Changsun Pak ,&nbsp;Young-Kwang Kim ,&nbsp;Sang Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Bo Wha Lee ,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais ,&nbsp;Dongwhi Choi ,&nbsp;Jong-Soo Rhyee","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft magnetic composites are essential to power electronics technologies, including transformers, motors, and generators. However, as electronic devices advance, SMCs should have excellent soft magnetic properties, such as high permeability, high saturation magnetization, and reduced core loss at high frequencies. In this study, we found exceptionally high soft magnetic properties for Co nanopowder distribution in Fe₃O₄-coated Fe SMCs prepared via the hot-pressing technique. Incorporating Co nano-powders leads to a notable increase in density, with the most compact structure observed in the sample containing the highest Co concentration. Electrical resistivity increases to 55.54 mΩ cm for a sample containing 1 wt% Co nanopowder, compared to 15 mΩ cm for a pristine sample. The SMCs exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties, with high saturation magnetization (<em>M</em>_s ∼216 emu/g), high permeability (<em>μ</em>_e∼237.42) (144 % higher than the undoped sample), high DC bias performance (71.45 % at 100 kOe), and reduced core loss (<em>P</em>_cv, <em>P</em>_h, and <em>P</em>_e), compared to the other state-of-the-art samples. It indicates that Fe/Fe₃O₄-Co SMCs are highly promising for miniaturization and high-energy efficiency of electronic components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 256-264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospun zinc sulfide/cellulose acetate nanofiber composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity and reusability for methylene blue degradation","authors":"R. Castelo ,&nbsp;M. Cota-Leal ,&nbsp;J.A. Reynoso-Hernández ,&nbsp;C. Vásquez-López ,&nbsp;A. Olivas","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles were synthesized via a gas-liquid sulfidation process and incorporated into cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers through electrospinning to fabricate composite photocatalytic materials for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in water. The nanoparticles and resulting nanofibers were characterized to confirm their structural, morphological, and chemical properties. The ZnS/CA nanofibers exhibited high photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and retained their activity over multiple degradation cycles. Toxicity assays using fibroblast cells demonstrated that the composite nanofibers did not induce toxic effects, highlighting their potential for environmentally safe water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 273-281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilayer graphene metasurface with dynamically reconfigurable terahertz perfect absorption","authors":"Zhiyong Chen ,&nbsp;Mengsi Liu ,&nbsp;Shubo Cheng ,&nbsp;Junqiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yougen Yi ,&nbsp;Boxun Li ,&nbsp;Chaojun Tang ,&nbsp;Fan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tunable terahertz perfect absorber based on a bilayer graphene metamaterial achieves breakthrough performance through an innovative design that combines a square array-box composite resonant cavity unit structure with dynamic Fermi level control. By adjusting the graphene Fermi level (0–0.5 eV), the absorption peak can dynamically switch from a single wide peak to a double-peak U-shaped depression, covering a tuning range of 3.99–8.91 THz. After optimization, the average absorption rate in the target frequency band reaches 97 %. This structure, through the synergistic mechanism of localized field enhancement and impedance matching, achieves the first active reconstruction of the absorption peak shape within a wide bandwidth (from a wide peak to a U-shaped peak), providing a new solution for terahertz stealth communication and high-sensitivity sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 282-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}