Current Applied PhysicsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.010
Bongkeon Kim, Yong-Joo Doh
{"title":"Two-level system loss characterization of NbTi superconducting resonators on Si/SiO2 substrates","authors":"Bongkeon Kim, Yong-Joo Doh","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superconducting coplanar waveguide (SCPW) resonators, key components for quantum computing and sensing applications, require a high internal quality factor (<em>Q</em><sub>i</sub>) for effective qubit readout and quantum sensing applications. Minimizing two-level system (TLS) losses, particularly at material interfaces, is critical for gatemon and topological qubits operating at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields. NbTi, a superconducting alloy with a high upper critical field, enables SCPW resonators resilient to such conditions. We fabricated NbTi SCPW resonators on Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates and systematically characterized their TLS-limited quality factors as functions of temperature and microwave photon number. Our results demonstrate that NbTi-based SCPWs on Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates provide a promising platform for developing next-generation quantum circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 354-361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current Applied PhysicsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.011
Lanusubo Walling , P. Chinnamuthu , J.P. Borah , A. Elayaperumal , Salam Jimkeli Singh
{"title":"Self-cleaning properties of sol-gel spin-coated In2O3 thin films with varying molarity","authors":"Lanusubo Walling , P. Chinnamuthu , J.P. Borah , A. Elayaperumal , Salam Jimkeli Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indium oxide (In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) thin films were synthesized using the sol-gel spin-coating method with precursor concentrations of 0.15 M, 0.25 M, and 0.55 M, tailored for self-cleaning applications. The UV–Vis absorption spectra showed a strong absorption edge around 300 nm, with absorption intensity increasing from 0.15 M to 0.25 M and then slightly decreasing at 0.55 M. This indicates that 0.25 M film offers better light absorption. Wettability analysis revealed a decrease in water contact angle with increasing molarity: 60.2°, 41.6°and 27.1° for 0.15 M, 0.25 M and 0.55 M, respectively. Upon UV illumination, the contact angle further decreased to 42.2°, 31.3°and 23.1° confirming photo-induced hydrophilicity. This trend suggests that higher molarity films promote better water spreading, which is beneficial for self-cleaning applications. These characteristics establish In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films as promising materials for water-based self-cleaning applications, demonstrating their potential in environmental remediation and surface maintenance technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current Applied PhysicsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.022
Liyan Li , Daifeng Zou , Weiyao Jia , Shuhong Xie
{"title":"Polarization-mediated electromagnetic and transport properties of multiferroic MnSe2/Al2S3 van der Waals heterostructures","authors":"Liyan Li , Daifeng Zou , Weiyao Jia , Shuhong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, combining ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, offer unprecedented opportunities for next-generation spintronic and memory devices. However, achieving strong magnetoelectric coupling and room-temperature stability remains a significant challenge. Here, we investigate the polarization-mediated electromagnetic and transport properties of the MnSe<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> vdW heterostructure using first-principles density functional theory calculations. Our results demonstrate robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and electrically tunable interfacial charge transfer, enabling reversible switching between Schottky-barrier-limited and metallic conduction regimes. Remarkably, the ferroelectric polarization reversal in Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> induces a substantial tunneling electroresistance (TER) effect, with a ratio reaching 3.18 × 10<sup>3</sup> %, highlighting its potential for non-volatile memory applications. Furthermore, the system exhibits enhanced thermal stability, with Curie temperatures of ∼203 K and ∼153 K under up polarized and down polarized states, surpassing those of many 2D ferromagnetic materials. These findings establish the MnSe<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> heterostructure as a promising platform for multifunctional spintronic devices, providing critical insights into the design of high-performance, energy-efficient nanoelectronics through interfacial magnetoelectric coupling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 234-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current Applied PhysicsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.010
L. Marini , P. Chithra Lekha , Roop L. Mahajan , T. Devasena
{"title":"Flexible screen-printed graphene oxide-based biosensor for sweat sodium detection","authors":"L. Marini , P. Chithra Lekha , Roop L. Mahajan , T. Devasena","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sweat contains valuable biomarkers indicative of physiological health conditions such as electrolyte imbalance, stress, and disease, enabling continuous, non-invasive monitoring through miniaturized wearable electrochemical biosensors. Here, a flexible, cost-effective electrochemical sweat Na<sup>+</sup> ion sensor is fabricated using a screen-printing method on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The sensor incorporates a low-cost Ion-Selective Layer (ISL) and graphene oxide (GO) enhancing sensitivity and electrochemical performance across a broad range of Na<sup>+</sup> ions. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 1.213 mA/mM.cm<sup>2</sup>, low limit detection of 14.49 mM, and good stability. Real-time sweat analysis demonstrated Na<sup>+</sup> ion levels of 19 mM in the morning and 23 mM in the evening aligning with the analytical range of Na<sup>+</sup> ion concentration in sweat. This work addresses challenges in precision and individual variability in Na<sup>+</sup> ion concentration highlighting the potential of scalable, affordable sensors in wearables technology for personalized health monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 145-150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-performance PVDF-HFP/ZnO/SrFe12O19 nanogenerators with enhanced dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetoelectric coupling for powering low-power electronics","authors":"Sobi K. Chacko , Raneesh Balakrishnan , B.S. Athira , Achu Chandran","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of wearable and portable electronics necessitates the development of sustainable, self-powered energy solutions. Herein, we report a high-performance, lead-free piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on electrospun fiber mats of a ternary composite comprising poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) embedded with ZnO and SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (SFO) nanoparticles. The synergistic interaction between the electroactive polymer matrix and multifunctional fillers significantly enhanced the β-phase content, resulting in superior dielectric and ferroelectric behaviour. Furthermore, the incorporation of magnetic SFO nanoparticles induced magnetoelectric coupling, with the optimised composite exhibiting a magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of 25 mV/cm·Oe. The resulting PENG delivered a fourfold enhancement in open-circuit voltage (20 V<sub>pp</sub>) compared to pristine PVDF-HFP (5 V<sub>pp</sub>), under low mechanical excitation. The device efficiently powered low-energy electronics and charged capacitors through simple biomechanical motions, highlighting its promise for next-generation energy harvesting in flexible and wearable electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 26-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current Applied PhysicsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.018
Nishtha Sagta, Ajay Kumar Mishra
{"title":"Tuning growth parameter for the controlled synthesis of 2D WS2","authors":"Nishtha Sagta, Ajay Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) synthesis of high-quality 2D WS<sub>2</sub> (tungsten disulfide) critically depends on the precise timing of sulfur vapor introduction. This study investigates the role of sulfur-rich environment and growth time on the surface morphology of 2D WS<sub>2</sub> films on the silicon substrate. Three different varying sets of parameters, designated as SP<sub>1</sub>, SP<sub>2</sub>, and SP<sub>3</sub>, were examined to optimize the time of sulfur vapor introduction. This process enabled the formation of large mono- and bi-layer triangular islands, with flake sizes ranging from ∼70 to 164 μm, as well as long few-layer structures. The atomically thin WS<sub>2</sub> exhibited strong photoluminescence (PL) at ∼1.93 eV, with a ∼70-fold enhancement and a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼12 nm. The optimized SP<sub>3</sub> parameters were applied using the sapphire substrate, and the results were consistent. Thus, this study highlights the crucial role of sulfur vapor synchronization in WS<sub>2</sub> synthesis, enabling control over their morphology, growth and size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 182-193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced AlN/SiO2/AlN multilayer coatings for protecting gold-like decorative surfaces: Improved hardness and color stability","authors":"Sitanan Raengroeng , Nattharika Theekhasuk , Aparporn Sakulkalavek , Rachsak Sakdanuphab , Nuttakrit Somdock","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the development of multilayer AlN/SiO<sub>2</sub>/AlN thin film coatings to enhance tarnish resistance, surface hardness, and color stability of gold-coated silver substrates for decorative use. Gold films were deposited via electroplating, followed by multilayer coatings using reactive magnetron sputtering. The SiO<sub>2</sub> thickness was systematically varied while maintaining fixed AlN layers. Optical evaluations using CIE Lab parameters confirmed that the specimen with a 110-min SiO<sub>2</sub> layer exhibited acceptable color difference (ΔE < 5). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed stable Al–N and Si–O bonds with minimal oxidation. Nanoindentation tests showed a significant hardness increase, reaching 7.02 ± 0.62 GPa. After 240 days of ambient exposure, multilayer-coated samples showed no visible discoloration or sulfur-induced degradation, unlike uncoated and electrochemically coated samples. These results confirm that AlN/SiO<sub>2</sub>/AlN multilayers effectively improve the durability and aesthetic stability of gold-like surfaces, offering a promising solution for long-term decorative applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current Applied PhysicsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.024
Muhammad Arif , Donghun Han , Won Chan Shin , Seunghun Cha , Young-Kwang Kim , Sang Woo Kim , Bo Wha Lee , Muhammad Awais , Dongwhi Choi , Jong-Soo Rhyee
{"title":"Extremely low core-loss and enhanced permeability stability in hot press sintered FeSi soft magnetic composites by TiO2 and Fe nanopowders air gap filling","authors":"Muhammad Arif , Donghun Han , Won Chan Shin , Seunghun Cha , Young-Kwang Kim , Sang Woo Kim , Bo Wha Lee , Muhammad Awais , Dongwhi Choi , Jong-Soo Rhyee","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft magnetic materials are essential components in applications of motors, generators, transformers, and many electronic devices. Here we present the improved soft magnetic properties in Fe-6.5 wt%Si/(TiO<sub>2</sub>:Fe)(nano powder; NP) soft magnetic composite (SMC) cores with varying concentrations of Fe nanopowders (0–4 wt%) synthesized by hot-press sintering. Increasing Fe nanopowder concentration significantly increases the density and electrical resistivity by filling the airgap and grain boundary scattering of carriers, respectively. Furthermore, adding Fe nanopowders leads to remarkably low coercivity (<15 Oe) and high saturation magnetization (189.5 emu/g). Notably, the FeSi/(TiO<sub>2</sub>:Fe)(NP) SMCs exhibited excellent soft magnetic characteristics, including high permeability with good frequency stability ranging from 0 to 1 MHz and ultra-low eddy current loss (8.16 kW/m<sup>3</sup> decreased by 83.47 %) at the 2 wt% doping concentration of Fe nanopowder. The composite with 3 wt% Fe nanopowder showed a significant decrease in hysteresis loss <em>P</em><sub>h</sub> with a minimum value of around 0.677 kW/m<sup>3</sup>. Therefore, the appropriate incorporation of Fe nanopowders, combined with the hot-press sintering technique, effectively reduces core loss, particularly eddy current loss, indicating that the Fe NP composites with FeSi matrix are highly promising for high-power and high-frequency electronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current Applied PhysicsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.006
Kyungmin Park, Garam Bae
{"title":"Proton doping of graphene FETs enabled by ionic modulation from polysilazane dielectrics","authors":"Kyungmin Park, Garam Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene field-effect transistors offer great potential for next-generation electronics due to graphene's high carrier mobility and atomic-scale thickness. However, stable device operation requires precise control of the dielectric interface, which impacts carrier transport and doping. In this study, we use solution-processed polysilazane (PSZ)-derived dielectrics as both gate insulators and active ionic environments for modulating graphene's electronic properties. The PSZ films, processed under humid conditions, generate hydroxyl-rich surfaces that serve as proton reservoirs. Electrical characterization and in-situ Raman spectroscopy show that gate bias induces proton doping of graphene, manifesting as hysteresis, Dirac point shifts, and D-band enhancement arising from phonon activation and interfacial Coulombic perturbations. The device also exhibits characteristic doping and relaxation times, revealing proton migration dynamics. Our findings suggest that PSZ dielectrics provide both gate insulation and dynamic electrochemical modulation of the graphene channel, offering a new strategy for dielectric interface engineering in 2D electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 346-353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current Applied PhysicsPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.004
Hyunjin Ji
{"title":"Precise analysis of electrical properties in MoS2 devices via H-TFSI ion reactions","authors":"Hyunjin Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cap.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of bistriflimide (H-TFSI) treatment and its reaction mechanisms for improving device performance in MoS<sub>2</sub> devices are investigated. The H-TFSI solution contains both H cations and TFSI anions, which interact with MoS<sub>2</sub> device. In monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> FETs, H-TFSI reaction residues are adsorbed on the channel surface as p-doping agents and scattering centers, leading to performance degradation. In multilayer MoS<sub>2</sub> FETs, the centroid of the channel charge is located near the gate oxide, allowing the impact of H<sup>+</sup> ion reactions on device performance to be examined without the influence of surface-adsorbed H-TFSI residues. Electrical hysteresis analysis and low-frequency noise modeling were performed on two types of multilayer MoS<sub>2</sub> devices with the same structure, which exhibited contrasting outcomes―performance enhancement and degradation―following H-TFSI treatment. Additionally, comprehensive analysis, including the electrical property changes after H<sup>+</sup> insertion promotion and acetone rinsing, provides insights into the correlation between device performance variations and the underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11037,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Physics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}