Progress of terahertz nonlinearities on graphene plasmonic structures

Abstract

As graphene is patterned into micron-sized periodic structures, i.e., plasmonic structures, the carriers in graphene can be induced by the collective oscillation in response to incident terahertz (THz) light, known as localized plasmon. Utilizing this phenomenon, light-matter interactions can be significantly enhanced at the plasmon frequency and therefore the strongest light-matter frequency can be tailored in the THz frequency range by manipulating ω_p. Consequently, various types of THz nonlinearities have been reported on graphene plasmonic structures. In this review, we discuss the progress of research on the THz nonlinearities emerging in graphene plasmonic structures. Firstly, we introduce THz nonlinearities reported in the graphene sheet. In the later part, we discuss the recently reported two types of THz nonlinearities, i.e., thermal and plasmonic nonlinearities, emerging on the graphene plasmonic structure and its application.