Current Opinion in Psychiatry最新文献_第3页

Systematic review of the epidemiology of eating disorders in the Arab world. 阿拉伯世界饮食失调流行病学系统回顾。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000960

Bernou Melisse, Eric van Furth, Hans W Hoek

{"title":"Systematic review of the epidemiology of eating disorders in the Arab world.","authors":"Bernou Melisse, Eric van Furth, Hans W Hoek","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000960","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000960","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The Arab world is dealing with modernization and sociocultural changes both associated with eating disorders. The present review provides an update of 'Eating disorders in the Arab world: a literature review', which was published in 2020.Recent findings: There are 22 recent epidemiological studies on eating disorders in five different countries in the Arab world. A large-scale national mental health survey reported a 12-month eating disorder prevalence of 3.2% and an eating disorder lifetime prevalence of 6.1%. Binge-eating disorder was the most common eating disorder (12-month prevalence = 2.1%, lifetime prevalence = 2.6%), 1.6% was at high risk for binge-eating disorder. Overall, between 23.8 and 34.8% was at high risk for any eating disorder. Body-shape dissatisfaction, a high BMI and separated/widowed/single marital status were associated with eating disorder pathology.Summary: Although there is still a lack of studies compared to the western world, the number of epidemiological studies on eating disorders in the Arab world is growing and there is an increase in studies using appropriate assessment-tools and norms. It is recommended to offer specialized treatment and to implement preventive programs.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"388-396"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11426976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early intervention for eating disorders. 饮食失调的早期干预。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000963

Regan Mills, Lucy Hyam, Ulrike Schmidt

{"title":"Early intervention for eating disorders.","authors":"Regan Mills, Lucy Hyam, Ulrike Schmidt","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000963","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000963","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Research on early intervention for eating disorders has started to gain traction and examples of this in practice are increasing. This review summarizes findings over the past 3 years, focusing on the clinical effectiveness of early intervention in practice and the barriers and facilitators to its implementation.Recent findings: Recent developments in early intervention for eating disorders can be divided into three broad themes: research that has examined the efficacy of early intervention pathways in practice, research that has informed understanding of the target patient groups of early intervention (via clinical staging models, e.g.), and research that has suggested new ways to progress early intervention, towards becoming a standard part of best practice care.Summary: Early intervention pathways have shown promising clinical outcomes and are viewed positively by patients, clinicians and other stakeholders. However, more robust trials of their efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness are needed. Additionally, barriers to early intervention have been identified (e.g. delayed help-seeking); research must now develop and evaluate strategies to address these. Finally, the early intervention models in practice are underpinned partly by clinical staging models for eating disorders, which require further development, especially for eating disorders other than anorexia nervosa.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"397-403"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11426982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness and predictors of psychotherapy in eating disorders: state-of-the-art and future directions. 饮食失调症心理治疗的效果和预测因素：最新进展和未来方向。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000961

Alessio Maria Monteleone, Giovanni Abbate-Daga

{"title":"Effectiveness and predictors of psychotherapy in eating disorders: state-of-the-art and future directions.","authors":"Alessio Maria Monteleone, Giovanni Abbate-Daga","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000961","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000961","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Psychotherapy is the cornerstone of the multidisciplinary treatment approach for eating disorders. This review examines recent evidence regarding effectiveness, predictors, and mechanisms of change of psychotherapy in eating disorders, providing a road map for clinicians and researchers.Recent findings: Family-based treatments (FBT) are effective in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Evidence-based psychotherapies for anorexia nervosa have no evidence of superiority compared with treatment as usual (TAU) in adults with anorexia nervosa. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is the first-choice psychotherapy recommended for adults with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (BED). Self-help interventions have some evidence of effectiveness in nonunderweight individuals with eating disorders. Early symptom improvement and adolescent age predict more favourable outcomes.Summary: Evidence-based psychotherapies can be suggested for eating disorders, although follow-up data are needed. Beyond anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and BED, there is no evidence of psychotherapy effectiveness in other eating disorders. The effectiveness of novel (e.g. 'third-wave') psychotherapies, treatment delivery modality (e.g. internet-delivered), and adjunctive interventions (e.g. virtual reality) needs to be further explored. A broader definition of recovery is recommended, including behavioural, physical, and psychological criteria. Predictors and mechanisms of changes have not been studied enough: quantitative and qualitative studies are needed to promote more tailored and individualized psychotherapy interventions.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"417-423"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eating disorders: etiology, risk factors, and suggestions for prevention. 饮食失调症：病因、风险因素和预防建议。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000965

Anna Keski-Rahkonen

{"title":"Eating disorders: etiology, risk factors, and suggestions for prevention.","authors":"Anna Keski-Rahkonen","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000965","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000965","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The incidence of eating disorders has increased worldwide. This narrative review gives an overview of research on etiology and risk factors of eating disorders published in 2022-2024.Recent findings: Eating disorders arise from a complex set of risk factors. The recent increase in incidence of eating disorders can be linked to root causes that include sociocultural pressure to conform to unrealistic and gendered body ideals, rise in obesogenic environments, and the global COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies have shown that screen time and social media intensify sociocultural pressure to look a certain way. Individual-specific risk factors also increase the likelihood of onset of eating disorders. These include sports, stressful and traumatic life events, family factors, and psychological factors, including disgust sensitivity, aversive experiences, low self-esteem, perfectionism, neuroticism, obsessive-compulsive and impulsive features, and emotional dysregulation. Preexisting mental health conditions, particularly anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder, and neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism and attention-deficit hyperactive disorder, are also associated with increased eating disorder risk. Genetic and biological factors contribute both to risk and resiliency.Summary: The risk factors of eating disorders are well established. Future studies should focus on increasing resilience and preventive interventions.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"381-387"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treatment escalation for people with anorexia nervosa: setting, therapies and nutritional interventions. 神经性厌食症患者的治疗升级：环境、疗法和营养干预。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000964

Hubertus Himmerich, Johanna Louise Keeler, Kate Tchanturia, Janet Treasure

{"title":"Treatment escalation for people with anorexia nervosa: setting, therapies and nutritional interventions.","authors":"Hubertus Himmerich, Johanna Louise Keeler, Kate Tchanturia, Janet Treasure","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000964","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000964","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Adult patients with severe anorexia nervosa often receive the same unsuccessful treatment without changes regarding the setting, the therapies, or nutritional interventions.Recent findings: Settings where people with anorexia nervosa are treated include their general practitioner, an independent psychiatric practice, a community mental health team (CMHT), a specialized eating disorder outpatient service, eating disorder early intervention services, a highly intensive eating disorder outpatient or home treatment programme, eating disorder daycare, an inpatient eating disorder service, a general hospital or a general psychiatric hospital, or residential treatment. At a specialized eating disorder service, patients should be offered evidence-based psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa, dietary advice and physical health monitoring as a first step. Additionally, they may be allocated to a specific treatment pathway, family interventions and creative therapies. As a second step, clinicians may consider integrating interventions targeting psychiatric or physical comorbidities, medication for anorexia nervosa or noninvasive neurostimulation. After several years of futile treatment, deep brain stimulation (DBS) should be considered to prevent a chronic course of anorexia nervosa. Nutritional interventions can be escalated from nutritional counselling to nasogastric tube feeding. Patients who rely on nasogastric tube feeding might benefit from percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Patients who vomit despite a nasogastric tube, might need nasojejunal tube feeding.Summary: Treatment for people with anorexia nervosa should be regularly reviewed and, if necessary, escalated to avoid a chronic and longstanding disease course.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"404-416"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11426991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A narrative review of community-based dementia care in India: experiences, challenges, and policy initiatives. 印度社区痴呆症护理回顾：经验、挑战和政策倡议。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000944

Trisha Thomas, Jayashree Dasgupta

{"title":"A narrative review of community-based dementia care in India: experiences, challenges, and policy initiatives.","authors":"Trisha Thomas, Jayashree Dasgupta","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000944","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000944","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: India is facing a significant increase in the aging population who are at risk for dementia. This review evaluates recent literature on community-based care, focusing on caregiver experiences, challenges and policy initiatives.Recent findings: Dementia care in India is traditionally provided by family members who take on the role of caregivers. Studies on caregiver experiences have reflected high caregiving burden and related impact on their mental health. During the pandemic, caregivers experienced several unprecedented challenges in providing care, emphasizing the need for more research on community-based dementia care across the country. Telehealth and online caregiver training were identified as viable alternatives to support community dementia care. However, it may not be a feasible mode of delivery suitable across the Indian context, underscoring the need for culturally relevant and acceptable interventions. India is currently undertaking concerted policy efforts for dementia care through multiple initiatives like the National Program for Healthcare of the Elderly, the Mental Healthcare Act, and initiatives like the Atal Vayo Abhyuday Yojna. These initiatives aim to address the healthcare requirements of the elderly; nevertheless, a comprehensive evaluation of their impact is yet to be discerned.Summary: There is a need for comprehensive research, to inform evidence-based policy and improve dementia care systems in India. Addressing gaps in existing dementia care capacities and healthcare initiatives, along with tailoring interventions to India's diverse contexts are critical for effective community care for dementia.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"370-375"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of human involvement and support in digital mental health interventions for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a critical review. 人类参与和支持在针对精神分裂症谱系障碍患者的数字心理健康干预中的作用：评论性综述。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000957

Urska Arnautovska, Alyssa Milton, Mike Trott, Rebecca Soole, Dan Siskind

{"title":"The role of human involvement and support in digital mental health interventions for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a critical review.","authors":"Urska Arnautovska, Alyssa Milton, Mike Trott, Rebecca Soole, Dan Siskind","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000957","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000957","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SDD) are characterized by a complex array of psychosis symptoms, and typically require ongoing and long-term support, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological management. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have been suggested as a novel therapeutic approach to enable low-cost, scalable improvements in quality of care for adults living with SSD. However, the types and role of human involvement and support within DMHIs is currently unknown.Recent findings: Several recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have investigated the potential efficacy of DMHIs for people with SSD, with scant yet emerging systematic evidence on the effects of human support within DMHIs on mental health outcomes. Further, several recent individual studies examined the efficacy of DMHIs with human support among people with SSD and provided valuable insights into the potential key elements of such support on outcomes relevant to this population.Summary: The current critical review provides the first narrative synthesis of available evidence to guide clinicians and intervention develops in designing DMHIs with adequate human support that may enhance long-term outcomes of people living with SSD.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"356-362"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychotropic drugs, eating behaviour and weight gain. 精神药物、饮食行为和体重增加。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000953

Shalika Arniotis-Streat, Anthony Fonte, Hisham Ziauddeen

引用次数: 0

Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation in reducing depressive symptoms during the peripartum period. 经颅磁刺激和经颅直流电刺激在减少围产期抑郁症状方面的作用。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000954

Ana Ganho-Ávila, Mónica Sobral, Mijke Lambregtse-van den Berg

{"title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation in reducing depressive symptoms during the peripartum period.","authors":"Ana Ganho-Ávila, Mónica Sobral, Mijke Lambregtse-van den Berg","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000954","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000954","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To present the latest data on the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in peripartum depression (PPD), complemented by notes emerging from our clinical and research experience.Recent findings: TMS and tDCS show promising results to manage mild to moderate depressive symptoms in the peripartum period. Evidence of TMS efficacy during pregnancy and the postpartum comes from two small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with encouraging but still inconsistent results. Evidence of tDCS efficacy during pregnancy comes from one small RCT and in the postpartum the first RCT is just now being conducted and results are highly expected. The safety profile (with transient mild adverse effect to women and no known risk to the foetus/newborn) and acceptability by women seems overall good. However, the perspectives from health professionals and managers are unclear.Summary: Whereas TMS accelerated protocols (e.g., more than one session/day) and shorter sessions (e.g., theta burst stimulation) could address the need for fast results in PPD, home-based tDCS systems could address accessibility issues. Currently, the evidence on the efficacy of TMS and tDCS in PPD is limited warranting further research to support stronger evidence-based clinical guidelines.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"337-349"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex and gender differences in cancer in individuals with severe mental disorders. 严重精神障碍患者罹患癌症的性别差异。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000958

Žarko Bajić, Sandra Vuk-Pisk, Igor Filipčić, Ivona Šimunović Filipčić

{"title":"Sex and gender differences in cancer in individuals with severe mental disorders.","authors":"Žarko Bajić, Sandra Vuk-Pisk, Igor Filipčić, Ivona Šimunović Filipčić","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000958","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000958","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Although cancer incidence is similar between individuals with severe mental disorders (SMD) and the general population (GP), survival rates are lower, particularly in those with schizophrenia. While the scientific and medical communities acknowledge sex differences in cancer mechanisms, including risk factors and cancer types, less is known about sex and gender disparities in incidence, mortality, and care pathways among those with SMD. This review aims to explore these differences in cancer among individuals with SMD.Recent findings: Current evidence on sex and gender differences in cancer care for SMD is limited. It is unclear how these factors affect cancer incidence and mortality in the SMD population, and if they correspond to those in the GP. The literature frequently omits detailed information on sex-based differences in SMD-related cancer rates, complicating conclusive analysis. Moreover, people with SMD experience significant challenges in accessing cancer screenings compared to the GP, and findings on sex and gender disparities in this context remain inconclusive.Summary: This review emphasizes that while significant sex and gender-based differences in cancer mechanisms, incidence, and survival exist within the GP, they have not been fully integrated into clinical practice. It underscores the need of addressing these differences in cancer incidence, outcomes, mortality, and care pathways to enhance treatment for individuals with SMD.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"350-355"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0