Current Opinion in Psychiatry最新文献_第2页

The Relationship of glutamate signaling to cannabis use and schizophrenia. 谷氨酸信号与大麻使用和精神分裂症的关系。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000001003

Margaret Niznikiewicz, Alexander Lin, Lynn E DeLisi

{"title":"The Relationship of glutamate signaling to cannabis use and schizophrenia.","authors":"Margaret Niznikiewicz, Alexander Lin, Lynn E DeLisi","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000001003","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000001003","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review examines the literature associating cannabis with schizophrenia, glutamate dysregulation in schizophrenia, and cannabis involvement in glutamate pathways. Cannabis use is widespread among adolescents world-wide and is sold legally in many countries for recreational use in a variety of forms. Most people use it without lasting effects, but a portion of individuals have negative reactions that manifest in acute psychotic symptoms, and in some, symptoms continue even after the use of cannabis has ceased. To date, there is a huge gap in our understanding of why this occurs.Recent findings: Recent studies have focused on abnormalities in the glutamate pathway in schizophrenia, the effect of cannabis on the glutamate system, and the role of glutamate in the brain Default Mode Network.Summary: Given these observations, we hypothesize that perturbance of glutamate neuronal connectivity by cannabis in the brains of individuals genetically at high risk for psychosis will initiate a schizophrenia-like psychosis. Future studies may tie together these diverse observations by combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the default resting state network in patients with new onset schizophrenia who do and do not use cannabis compared with nonpsychotic individuals who do and do not use cannabis.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtual reality as a novel therapeutic tool in psychiatry: will virtual reality intervention for families rescue hikikomori? 虚拟现实作为一种新的精神病学治疗工具：虚拟现实会干预家庭拯救“隐蔽青年”吗？

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000996

Taisei Kubo, Takahiro A Kato

{"title":"Virtual reality as a novel therapeutic tool in psychiatry: will virtual reality intervention for families rescue hikikomori?","authors":"Taisei Kubo, Takahiro A Kato","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000996","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000996","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Digital technology is beginning to revolutionize psychiatry. Virtual reality (VR) allows users to experience a virtual space through their three primary senses. In psychiatry, social skills training (SST), including role-play, has been introduced in occupational therapy to improve patients' social abilities. In face-to-face SST, the therapist's leadership skills and the patient's ability to deal with situations are necessary. VR could resolve such limitations. Herein, we introduce recent advances in VR for psychiatry.Recent findings: The introduction of VR has improved the social skills of patients with schizophrenia, social anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder. We have introduced VR not only for psychiatric patients themselves but also for their family members to improve their skills in intervening with the patients, especially hard-to-reach patients such as hikikomori (social withdrawal). A pilot trial was conducted involving several family cases living with people with hikikomori, and this approach showed promising effectiveness.Summary: VR has the potential to overcome the problems of conventional treatments by enabling experiential learning. In the future, VR is expected to support not only patients with mental disorders but also to improve the skills of therapists and caregivers, including family members. Empirical research through industry-academia collaboration is desirable for spreading VR-based interventions in psychiatry.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: when, what, and is it remediable? 精神分裂症的认知障碍：何时、何事以及是否可以补救？

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000991

Ashlee Guzman, Philip D Harvey

{"title":"Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: when, what, and is it remediable?","authors":"Ashlee Guzman, Philip D Harvey","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000991","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000991","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SCZ) is very common and functionally relevant, being a consistent predictor of the ability to perform critical functional skills and real-world activities, such as residential independence, self-care, productive, and social activities. These impairments are not exclusive to individuals with SCZ; they are also observed in people with bipolar disorder and other mood disorders. Here, we review recent findings in the nature, determinants, and treatment of cognitive impairments with a focus on SCZ and linkage to other closely related conditions.Recent findings: Recent studies have identified multiple levels of similarity in cognitive functioning across psychiatric conditions and identified a number of efficacious treatments. So much successful work has taken place in training-focused treatment domains that multiple meta-analyses have catalogued the level of gains, the predictors of gains, the optimal strategies, and the durability of improvement. There is also convincing evidence for the first time of pharmacological cognitive enhancement with a mechanism that is plausible for cross-diagnostic impact.Summary: Clinicians need to consider cognitive functioning and not just in people with SCZ. Available treatments should be considered, including suggesting computerized cognitive and skills training across the full spectrum of conditions and the lifespan. Attending to new developments in pharmacological interventions will be critical, as there is at least one very promising candidate compound approved for the general treatment of SCZ with evidence of wide-ranging benefits. Other medications are in phase 2 and 3 trials and may be approved.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"154-158"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bacteria in the brain: do they have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease? 大脑中的细菌：它们在阿尔茨海默病的发病机制中起作用吗？

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000989

Arnav Bhattacharya, Claire Shepherd, Fatima El-Assaad, Karen A Mather

{"title":"Bacteria in the brain: do they have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease?","authors":"Arnav Bhattacharya, Claire Shepherd, Fatima El-Assaad, Karen A Mather","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000989","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000989","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Worldwide efforts continue to unravel the complex pathological pathways that lead to Alzheimer's disease. The gut-brain-microbiome axis, a communication pathway between the gut, brain and microorganisms, is emerging as a potential mechanism involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. While the gut microbiome's role in Alzheimer's disease has gained significant attention, the brain microbiome remains relatively unexplored. This review summarizes the latest research on the brain microbiome in Alzheimer's disease.Recent findings: In the past 4 years, four out of five studies have found bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae , in postmortem samples of both control and Alzheimer's disease brains, supporting the idea that the brain is not a sterile environment. Two studies report the overabundance of several bacterial phyla, including Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes, in postmortem Alzheimer's disease brains versus controls. One study reported the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi in a subset of Alzheimer's disease cases compared to controls.Summary: Limitations and challenges persist in studying the brain microbiome, including the lack of standardized assays and data analysis methods, small sample sizes, and inconsistent use of controls for environmental microbial contamination during sample processing. Well designed studies that employ reproducible and rigorous methods are required to elucidate whether microbes are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"252-257"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11957443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global prevalence of internet addiction among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 大学生网络成瘾的全球流行：一项系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000994

Xin Liu, Zhen Gui, Zi-Mu Chen, Yuan Feng, Xiao-Dan Wu, Zhaohui Su, Teris Cheung, Gabor S Ungvari, Xuan-Chen Liu, Yi-Ran Yan, Chee H Ng, Yu-Tao Xiang

{"title":"Global prevalence of internet addiction among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xin Liu, Zhen Gui, Zi-Mu Chen, Yuan Feng, Xiao-Dan Wu, Zhaohui Su, Teris Cheung, Gabor S Ungvari, Xuan-Chen Liu, Yi-Ran Yan, Chee H Ng, Yu-Tao Xiang","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000994","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000994","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The prevalence of internet addiction among university students has been extensively studied worldwide, however, the findings have been mixed. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the global prevalence of internet addiction in university students and identify its potential moderators.Recent findings: A total of 101 eligible studies, comprising 128020 participants across 38 countries and territories, were included. The pooled global prevalence of internet addiction among university students was 41.84% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 35.89-48.02]. Significant differences in the prevalence were observed across different income levels, regions, periods of COVID-19 pandemic, and cut-off values of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Sample size was negatively associated with internet addiction prevalence, while depression prevalence was positively associated with internet addiction prevalence. Male students had a significantly higher risk of internet addiction compared to female students [pooled odd ratio (OR): 1.32, 95% CI: 1.19-1.46].Summary: This meta-analysis found that the prevalence of internet addiction was high among university students, which has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Screening and intervention measures to address internet addiction should prioritize students with an increased risk including male students, those from lower-income regions and those with depression.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"182-199"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suicide in later life: the role of frailty and depression. 自杀在晚年生活中的作用：虚弱和抑郁。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000001009

Brian Draper, Anne P F Wand

{"title":"Suicide in later life: the role of frailty and depression.","authors":"Brian Draper, Anne P F Wand","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000001009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000001009","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Depression and physical illnesses have long been recognized as risk factors for suicidal behaviour in late life. Qualitative studies have previously identified frailty as being an issue in late life suicidal behaviour, but quantitative studies have been lacking. Establishing the role frailty plays in suicidal behaviour in late life has implications for suicide prevention.Recent findings: Depression and frailty are closely linked in late life, with genetic and social factors suggesting bidirectional causality. Frailty is associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts that is likely enhanced by chronicity, depression, and social factors, such as living and eating alone. In contrast, suicide is associated with lower levels of frailty.Summary: Suicide rates peak in late life with depression a consistently identified risk factor along with numerous diverse factors that include physical health and social issues. In investigating the relationship between physical health and suicidal behaviour, frailty has been neglected until recently. Interventions that reduce or prevent frailty and associated depression, such as physical training and nutritional management interventions, might have a role in preventing suicidal behaviour. Further research is required to elucidate the different associations reported between frailty and suicidal ideation/attempts and frailty and suicide.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Substantiating policy recommendations for reducing gambling-related harms with perspectives from individuals with lived experience. 从有亲身经历的个人角度，证实减少赌博相关危害的政策建议。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000001008

Li Yan McCurdy, Jennifer J Park, Marc N Potenza

{"title":"Substantiating policy recommendations for reducing gambling-related harms with perspectives from individuals with lived experience.","authors":"Li Yan McCurdy, Jennifer J Park, Marc N Potenza","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000001008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000001008","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Changes in gambling regulation have been linked to public health concerns, with system- and population-level approaches suggested to prevent and reduce gambling-related harms in societies. This review utilizes recent qualitative studies on individuals with lived experience of gambling-related harms to substantiate and inform refinement of current policy-level recommendations.Recent findings: Recent policy recommendations are well poised to address issues faced by individuals with lived experience of gambling-related harms, as reflected in several recent qualitative studies. Pertinent topics include increased accessibility to gambling via digitization, limitations of self-exclusion, and difficulty adhering to self-imposed financial limits. A range of barriers, including stigma, aggressive advertising by gambling operators, and gambling opportunities in video games, may undermine the effectiveness of some policies (e.g., self-exclusion, deposit limits, and age restrictions, respectively).Summary: The perspectives of individuals with lived experience of gambling-related harms can be invaluable in complementing, strengthening, and contextualizing quantitative results to substantiate policy recommendations and provide insight into potential limitations of the recommendations to refine population-level strategies. Individuals with lived experience should be involved in future research involving monitoring of the gambling industry and assessing the impact of regulatory measures to strengthen the process of evaluating and adapting policies.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Schizophrenia in women: a review of unique aspects regarding course, management, and challenges across the lifespan. 女性精神分裂症：回顾病程、管理和生命周期挑战的独特方面。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000998

Marcela Almeida, Sun Fletcher, Melisa Granoff

{"title":"Schizophrenia in women: a review of unique aspects regarding course, management, and challenges across the lifespan.","authors":"Marcela Almeida, Sun Fletcher, Melisa Granoff","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000998","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000998","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review of the latest literature aims to underscore some unique characteristics of schizophrenia in women and to explore the role of hormonal fluctuations and life-stage stressors in its pathogenesis and management. It summarizes the emerging evidence-based recommendations on biological and psychosocial interventions, with the goal to raise awareness of some gender-specific issues and the ultimate intent to optimize outcomes for this patient population.Recent findings: Schizophrenia affects men and women differently due to gender-specific biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Hormonal changes through the woman's reproductive life are associated with differences in disease expression, response to treatment, and treatment adjustments.Summary: Schizophrenia is a chronic and serious mental illness associated with significant personal and societal burden and with important sexual differences in presentation, course, and management, attributed at least in part to hormonal changes and other factors (e.g. medication compliance, drug interactions, social and cultural characteristics). Periods of high hormonal flux, such as pregnancy, postpartum, and the menopause transition, pose additional challenges concerning psychiatric stability and treatment efficacy and safety. Becoming familiar with important gender-specific characteristics including biological, psychological and sociocultural determinants can lead to adjustments in management and, ultimately, to improved outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biofluid biomarkers in distinguishing young-onset dementia from primary psychiatric disorders. 生物流体生物标志物在区分年轻发病痴呆和原发性精神疾病中的作用。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000979

Samantha M Loi, Dhamidhu Eratne, Alexander F Santillo, Dennis Velakoulis

{"title":"Biofluid biomarkers in distinguishing young-onset dementia from primary psychiatric disorders.","authors":"Samantha M Loi, Dhamidhu Eratne, Alexander F Santillo, Dennis Velakoulis","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000979","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000979","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: There has been growing interest in the role of biofluid biomarkers to aid the diagnosis of dementia in older people. However, less attention has been given to younger people who have dementia (young-onset dementia), who frequently experience misdiagnoses of primary psychiatric disorders diagnostic delay and challenges accessing appropriate care.Recent findings: We describe 12 studies from the previous 2 years of which the majority have investigated the role of neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in distinguishing young-onset dementia from primary psychiatric disorders. Synaptic and astrocytic biomarkers were also investigated. Sample sizes ranged from n = 46 to n = 999 and studies were mostly from Australia and the Netherlands.Summary: The major finding from this review was that NfL has very high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating a range of young-onset dementias (Alzheimer's dementia, behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia) from PPD (schizophrenia, bipolar affective and major depressive disorders). NfL is easily accessible via the blood, so there is significant potential that a blood test could be available to make this dichotomisation. Further research is required to support clinical translation such as changes of NfL with disease progression and standardising analytic techniques.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"134-143"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introductions. 编辑介绍。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000982

引用次数: 0