Current Opinion in Psychiatry最新文献

Biofluid biomarkers in distinguishing young-onset dementia from primary psychiatric disorders.

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000979

Samantha M Loi, Dhamidhu Eratne, Alexander F Santillo, Dennis Velakoulis

{"title":"Biofluid biomarkers in distinguishing young-onset dementia from primary psychiatric disorders.","authors":"Samantha M Loi, Dhamidhu Eratne, Alexander F Santillo, Dennis Velakoulis","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000979","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: There has been growing interest in the role of biofluid biomarkers to aid the diagnosis of dementia in older people. However, less attention has been given to younger people who have dementia (young-onset dementia), who frequently experience misdiagnoses of primary psychiatric disorders diagnostic delay and challenges accessing appropriate care.Recent findings: We describe 12 studies from the previous 2 years of which the majority have investigated the role of neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in distinguishing young-onset dementia from primary psychiatric disorders. Synaptic and astrocytic biomarkers were also investigated. Sample sizes ranged from n = 46 to n = 999 and studies were mostly from Australia and the Netherlands.Summary: The major finding from this review was that NfL has very high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating a range of young-onset dementias (Alzheimer's dementia, behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia) from PPD (schizophrenia, bipolar affective and major depressive disorders). NfL is easily accessible via the blood, so there is significant potential that a blood test could be available to make this dichotomisation. Further research is required to support clinical translation such as changes of NfL with disease progression and standardising analytic techniques.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"134-143"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetics of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: 2024 update. Prader-Willi综合征和Angelman综合征的遗传学：2024年更新。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000981

David E Godler, Deepan Singh, Merlin G Butler

{"title":"Genetics of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: 2024 update.","authors":"David E Godler, Deepan Singh, Merlin G Butler","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000981","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000981","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Prader-Willi (PWS) and Angelman (AS) syndromes arise from errors in 15q11-q13 imprinting. This review describes recent advances in genomics and how these expand our understanding of these rare disorders, guiding treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.Recent findings: PWS features include severe infantile hypotonia, failure to thrive, hypogonadism, developmental delay, behavioral and psychiatric features, hyperphagia, and morbid obesity, if unmanaged. AS presents severe intellectual disability, motor dysfunction, seizures, absent speech, and a characteristic happy demeanor. Standard-of-care testing involves SNRPN promoter methylation, microarray and genomic analyses for individuals presenting with these features. These tests identify syndromic-specific DNA methylation patterns and molecular genetic classes responsible for disease etiology. This review provides an update on studies of genotype-phenotype relationships and novel genomic technologies used for diagnostic purposes.Summary: We give an overview and update on the genetics and underlying mechanisms associated with symptoms and potential treatments with focus on features reported to be different between specific molecular genetic classes. The review also describes laboratory testing methods for diagnosis of these imprinting disorders with implications for clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introductions.

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000982

引用次数: 0

Monogenic causes of cerebral small vessel disease- models for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia? 脑血管疾病的单基因原因——血管性认知障碍和痴呆的模型？

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000978

Danit G Saks, Perminder S Sachdev

{"title":"Monogenic causes of cerebral small vessel disease- models for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia?","authors":"Danit G Saks, Perminder S Sachdev","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000978","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000978","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Recent advancements in molecular biomarkers and therapeutic options for Alzheimer's disease have brought into focus the need for greater progress in the second most common cause of dementia, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). We examine how the study of monogenic causes of VCID has contributed to the understanding of its pathophysiology and potential biomarker and treatment research.Recent findings: It is widely accepted that conditions which disrupt the cerebral small vessels contribute to vascular pathologies including stroke and cerebral microbleeds, ultimately leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Among these conditions are a range of monogenic small vessel diseases (SVDs) such as CADASIL, CARASIL, Fabry disease and COL4A-related disorders.Summary: This review indicates the importance of furthering research into monogenic SVDs in order to gain insight into the pathomechanisms of VCID more broadly. Monogenic conditions are easier to model than sporadic VCID and can serve as a guide for identifying biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring and intervention outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"112-118"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive disorders in patients with neuroimmunological disease.

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000977

Miguel Restrepo-Martinez, Vaughan Bell, Jesus Ramirez-Bermudez

{"title":"Cognitive disorders in patients with neuroimmunological disease.","authors":"Miguel Restrepo-Martinez, Vaughan Bell, Jesus Ramirez-Bermudez","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000977","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and autoimmune encephalitis can directly and indirectly affect brain function, leading to cognitive dysfunction or well characterized neurocognitive syndromes. However, these are often poorly characterized in the literature. Here, we review evidence on clinical manifestations, risk factors, their assessment and outcomes, and evidence for underlying mechanisms and associated biomarkers, if available.Recent findings: Significant advances have been made in neurocognitive disorders associated with four categories of autoimmune disease: neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune connective tissue diseases, neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the CNS, neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune encephalitis, and neurocognitive disorders due to cerebrovascular disease of autoimmune origin.Summary: Autoimmune diseases should be considered as critical causal factors underlying new cases of neurocognitive disorder, especially in young patients. These diseases are mediated by immune system reactions involving antibody production, T-cell-mediated damage, and demyelination. Although the prognosis seems favourable in most conditions after immunotherapy, the magnitude of the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy on cognitive functioning remains unclear.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban air pollution and child neurodevelopmental conditions: a systematic bibliometric review. 城市空气污染与儿童神经发育状况：系统文献计量回顾。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000984

Rosalyn Kefas, Raymond Roy, Amedeo D'Angiulli

{"title":"Urban air pollution and child neurodevelopmental conditions: a systematic bibliometric review.","authors":"Rosalyn Kefas, Raymond Roy, Amedeo D'Angiulli","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000984","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000984","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Using advanced bibliometric analysis, we systematically mapped the most current literature on urban air pollution and neurodevelopmental conditions to identify key patterns and associations. Here, we review the findings from the broader literature by discussing a distilled, validated subset of 44 representative studies.Recent findings: Literature highlights a complex relationship between environmental toxins, neurodevelopmental disorders in children, and neurobehavioral pathways involving oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and protein aggregation. Chronic prenatal and postnatal exposure to airborne pollutants - such as particulate matter and heavy metals - may contribute to early formation of amyloid plaques through preadolescence. These processes may compromise synaptic plasticity and neural integrity, which can progressively induce cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dysregulation, sharing some pathological features traditionally associated with adult neurodegenerative diseases.Summary: The interactions between air pollution exposure levels, developmental timing, and factors such as genetic vulnerability associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are still undetermined. However, accelerated neurodegenerative processes leading to cognitive decline and suboptimal mental health in children and adolescents seem most likely linked with pollutants penetrating the blood-brain barrier, and inducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Urgent precautionary action might reduce environmental exposures during critical early developmental periods, thereby safeguarding children's cognitive function and mental health.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autoimmune dementia.

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000980

Alessandro Dinoto, Eoin P Flanagan

{"title":"Autoimmune dementia.","authors":"Alessandro Dinoto, Eoin P Flanagan","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000980","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this review is to summarize clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in autoimmune dementia, to help clinicians in promptly identify this elusive condition.Recent findings: The rapid advances in the field of autoimmune neurology have led to the discovery of novel antibodies and associated disorders, which are more frequent than previously hypothesized. The correct and prompt identification of cognitive decline of autoimmune origin is vital to ensure early treatment and better outcomes. The diagnosis of autoimmune dementia relies on specific clinical and radiological features and on the detection of specific autoantibodies. Autoantibody specificities predict response to treatment and the occurrence of cancer. In recent years, the differential diagnosis of autoimmune dementia has become more relevant, as the overinterpretation of antibody results, clinical and radiological findings may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of autoimmune dementia, with potential harm to patients due to inappropriate exposure to immunosuppressants.Summary: Autoimmune dementia is a potentially treatable condition and should not be missed in clinical practice given the potential for reversibility with immunotherapy. The diagnosis of autoimmune dementia relies on a comprehensive review of clinical, radiological and laboratory data, and exclusion of other causes of dementia.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electroconvulsive therapy in autism spectrum disorders: an update to the literature. 自闭症谱系障碍的电痉挛治疗：文献更新。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000985

Lee Wachtel, James Luccarelli, John Michael Falligant, Joshua Ryan Smith

{"title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in autism spectrum disorders: an update to the literature.","authors":"Lee Wachtel, James Luccarelli, John Michael Falligant, Joshua Ryan Smith","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000985","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000985","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Over the last quarter century, the clinical evidence surrounding the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has expanded. This review provides the most up-to-date findings on the usage of ECT in ASD and discusses these results within the historical context and direct patient care experience.Recent findings: ECT is typically implemented for psychotropic-refractory catatonic, affective, psychotic, and combined pathology for individuals across the lifespan. Although highly stigmatized, ECT is well tolerated, efficacious, and potentially lifesaving for select individuals. A case presentation of an individual with autism as well as a summary of legal restrictions hampering his ECT access is presented.Summary: ECT is increasingly used in individuals with ASD who present with a wide range of ECT-responsive psychopathology, as well as repetitive self-injury and late, autistic-like regression for which no cause is found. ECT is well tolerated and offers real hope for many ASD individuals with devastating, treatment-refractory conditions.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dementia prevalence and dementia risk in Indigenous Peoples: recent findings, current developments, and future directions. 土著人民的痴呆患病率和痴呆风险：最近的发现、当前的发展和未来的方向。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000987

Joyla A Furlano, Maira Okada de Oliveira, Maritza Pintado-Caipa, Susanne Röhr

{"title":"Dementia prevalence and dementia risk in Indigenous Peoples: recent findings, current developments, and future directions.","authors":"Joyla A Furlano, Maira Okada de Oliveira, Maritza Pintado-Caipa, Susanne Röhr","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000987","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000987","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To highlight recent findings on the prevalence and risk and protective factors for dementia in Indigenous Peoples, who are disproportionately affected by health inequities driven by social determinants of health and historical injustices. With increasing numbers of Indigenous individuals entering older age, there is a growing need for research to better understand dementia and opportunities for prevention in Indigenous Peoples.Recent findings: Recent studies highlight a wide range of dementia prevalence across Indigenous Peoples, with estimates varying significantly by methodology, socio-cultural context, and region with stark gaps in regional representation. Studies suggested that Indigenous Peoples show distinct profiles of dementia risk factors, including higher rates of cardiovascular disease, lower educational attainment, and socioeconomic disadvantage. However, traditional lifestyles, strong social ties, and culturally grounded practices are suggested to offer protective effects against cognitive decline.Summary: Despite growing research attention, significant limitations remain in understanding dementia in Indigenous Peoples. The available evidence points to the need for culturally sensitive approaches in research and dementia prevention, as well as greater consideration of the social and environmental factors shaping brain health. Future research should aim to incorporate Indigenous knowledge systems and address the social determinants of dementia risk in Indigenous Peoples.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mortality in people with mental disorders in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide, register-based cohort study. COVID-19 大流行期间波兰精神障碍患者的死亡率：一项基于登记簿的全国性队列研究。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000975

Tomasz M Gondek, Tomasz Adamowski, Jolanta Janus, Ewelina Cichoń, Sylwia Paciorek, Mariusz Zięba, Alicja Bukowska, Agata Todzia-Kornaś, Andrzej Kiejna

{"title":"Mortality in people with mental disorders in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide, register-based cohort study.","authors":"Tomasz M Gondek, Tomasz Adamowski, Jolanta Janus, Ewelina Cichoń, Sylwia Paciorek, Mariusz Zięba, Alicja Bukowska, Agata Todzia-Kornaś, Andrzej Kiejna","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000975","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000975","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: People with mental disorders in Poland have increased standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). This is the first study to assess all-cause mortality in people with mental disorders in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic.Recent findings: A nationwide, register-based cohort study utilizing data from the registry of healthcare services (2011-2020) and the all-cause death registry (2021) in Poland was conducted. Individuals who were consulted or hospitalized in public mental healthcare facilities and received at least one diagnosis of mental disorders (ICD-10) from 2011 to 2020 were identified. SMRs were compared between people with a history of mental disorder and the general population. SMRs for the pandemic period were also compared with prepandemic SMRs calculated for 2019.No significant differences in SMRs were observed overall between 2021 and 2019. A minor increase in SMR was observed in 2021 for people treated only in outpatient mental health clinics. In 2021, a significant decrease in SMRs was shown for individuals with diagnoses from groups F10-F19 and F20-F29, and a significant increase in SMRs was observed for those with diagnoses from group F40-F48.Summary: SMRs for people with any mental disorder in Poland in 2021 remained at comparable levels to those in 2019.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"3-34"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0