Current Opinion in Psychiatry最新文献_第10页

Social contagion, violence, and suicide among adolescents. 青少年的社会传染、暴力和自杀。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000858

Vania Martínez, Álvaro Jiménez-Molina, Mónica M Gerber

{"title":"Social contagion, violence, and suicide among adolescents.","authors":"Vania Martínez, Álvaro Jiménez-Molina, Mónica M Gerber","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000858","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000858","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Social Contagion is defined as the spread of behaviors, attitudes, and affect through crowds and other types of social aggregates from one member to another. Adolescents are prone to social contagion because they may be especially susceptible to peer influence and social media.In this article, we provide a brief review of the most recent findings on social contagion, violence, and suicide among adolescents.Recent findings: Recent evidence support social contagion in gun violence, bullying, cyberbullying, violent offending, and suicide, but is inconclusive on the role of violent video game exposure on aggressive behavior.Summary: The mechanisms underlying the contagion effect of violence and suicide are currently unclear. It has been argued that social learning, identification with significant others, and the normalization of specific norms play a role. All these mechanisms require understanding social contagion as a complex interaction between individual, relational and social factors. This is key if the social contagion perspective is to be used not only to investigate negative outcomes, but also as a framework for promoting prosocial attitudes and behaviors. Additionally, more research is needed on psychosocial interventions and public policies to minimize the potential spillover effect of violence and suicide.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"237-242"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/b7/coip-36-237.PMC10090320.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9298895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Lived experience of psychosis: challenges and perspectives for research and care. 精神病的生活经历：研究和护理的挑战和前景。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000847

Jordan Sibeoni

{"title":"Lived experience of psychosis: challenges and perspectives for research and care.","authors":"Jordan Sibeoni","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000847","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000847","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: There is currently a recognition of the first-personal knowledge of people with lived experience of schizophrenia as an epistemic privilege that can influence and improve the quality of research and care. This review aims to identify and better understand the actual challenges and perspectives of this field.Recent findings: Two main themes are present in the recent literature: first, the direct involvement of persons with lived experience of psychosis both in research (first person accounts, lived experience and participatory research) and care with the development of new professional positions such as expert patients and peer workers ; second, the field of research on lived experience of psychosis based mostly on phenomenological psychiatry and qualitative research.Summary: Both involvement of persons with lived experience in care and research, and research on lived experience of psychosis have direct impact and outcomes such as leading to a better understanding of psychotic phenomena and to reduced stigma and providing more person-centered and holistic care and better social support. This review also highlights the conceptual and ethical challenges to overcome, especially the risk of tokenism.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9254503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in schizophrenia: a review. 精神分裂症2019冠状病毒病大流行的教训：综述。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000855

Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer

{"title":"Lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in schizophrenia: a review.","authors":"Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000855","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000855","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Multiple countries have reported increased COVID-19 mortality in patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this review was to synthetize the consequences of the pandemic on patients with schizophrenia including vaccination data.Recent findings: We have synthetized data on the increased risk of infection and increased mortality, the impact of the pandemic and lockdowns on psychiatric care, vaccination policies, unwillingness to vaccine in patients and the rates of vaccination.Summary: Schizophrenia has been confirmed at increased risk of both COVID-19 infection and developing a severe/lethal form of the infection. Patients with schizophrenia should, therefore, be prioritized for vaccination whenever possible and should be prioritized for psychiatric and somatic care access. Psychotic symptomatology may be a barrier to vaccination in some patients, and heterogenous vaccination rates were identified in national databases. The COVID-19 pandemic has been also a unique opportunity to develop telehealth. A mixed face-to-face and distance model should be encouraged, whenever possible, to improve the experience of patients, relatives and healthcare professionals. No major change of long-acting antipsychotics has been reported in most countries, and there was no consistent evidence for clozapine prescription to increase the risk of COVID-19 infection or severe outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"179-183"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9254998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Update on genetics of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: current status 2023. 注意力缺陷/多动障碍的遗传学更新：现状2023。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000852

Thorsten M Kranz, Oliver Grimm

{"title":"Update on genetics of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: current status 2023.","authors":"Thorsten M Kranz, Oliver Grimm","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000852","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000852","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows consistently high heritability in genetic research. In this review article, we give an overview of the analysis of common and rare variants and some insight into current genetic methodology and their link to clinical practice.Recent findings: The heritability of about 80% is also high in comparison to other psychiatric diseases. However, recent studies estimate the proportion of heritability based on single nucleotide variants at 22%. The hidden heritability is an ongoing question in ADHD genetics. Common variants derived from mega genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) and subsequent meta-analyses usually display small effect sizes and explain only a small fraction of phenotypic variance. Rare variants, on the contrary, not only display large effect sizes but also rather explain, due to their rareness, a small fraction on phenotypic variance. Applying polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis is an improved approach of combining effect sizes of many common variants with clinically relevant measures in ADHD.Summary: We provide a concise overview on how genetic analysis, with a focus on GWAS and PRS, can help explain different behavioural phenotypes in ADHD and how they can be used for diagnosis and therapy prediction. Increased sample sizes of GWAS, meta-analyses and use of PRS is increasingly informative and sets the course for a new era in genetics of ADHD.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"257-262"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9254501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective interventions to reduce loneliness in big cities. 减少大城市孤独感的有效干预措施。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000844

Ronald Fischer, Larissa Hartle

{"title":"Effective interventions to reduce loneliness in big cities.","authors":"Ronald Fischer, Larissa Hartle","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000844","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000844","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Loneliness is a state of distress or discomfort between the desired and experienced level of connectedness to others. These feelings may be particular salient in urban environments that seemingly offer more opportunities for social contact, highlighting the discrepancy. The topic of loneliness has received increased attention because of its negative impact on mental and physical health combined with concerns of increased loneliness due to lockdowns and social distancing regulations during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We provide a bibliometric and random-effects meta-analysis of clinical trials published since 2020 and available via PubMed.Recent findings: Loneliness interventions have predominantly focused on elderly in the community. Adolescents and young adults as a second group at risk have received much less attention. On average across 44 effect sizes studied in 38 trials, interventions show moderate levels of effectiveness but are characterized by high heterogeneity and trials are often underpowered and use low quality designs. Multidimensional interventions show promise for alleviating loneliness, but the intervention context needs greater attention.Summary: Scalable and effective interventions for the general population and at-risk groups of loneliness are still scarce. Some promising interventions have been trialled and merit further attention.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9254502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Impact of urbanization on mental health and well being. 城市化对心理健康和幸福的影响。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000864

Uriel Halbreich

引用次数: 0

Update on current animal models for schizophrenia: are they still useful? 当前精神分裂症动物模型的更新：它们仍然有用吗？

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000854

Daniela L Uliana, Felipe V Gomes, Anthony A Grace

{"title":"Update on current animal models for schizophrenia: are they still useful?","authors":"Daniela L Uliana, Felipe V Gomes, Anthony A Grace","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000854","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000854","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that has a significant socioeconomic impact worldwide. Antipsychotic drugs targeting dopamine transmission alleviate psychotic symptoms but with limited efficacy and tolerability. Animal models have long proven useful for drug discovery. The continued need for new treatment highlights the importance of animal models to study schizophrenia. The lack of new therapeutic compounds combined with the shortcomings of clinical design studies potentially decreased the enthusiasm for animal model use.Recent findings: In the current review, we discuss the central role of animal models for schizophrenia in providing new insights into neurobiological features and therapeutic development. The US National Institute of Mental Health released the Research Domain Criteria to guide preclinical model studies. Here, we point out the advances of this approach and debate its potential limitations when using animal models to study schizophrenia from the drug discovery perspective.Summary: Cross-validated animal models for schizophrenia are crucial to comprehend the cause, pathophysiology, and behavioral and biological features of the disease, to advance prevention and treatment, and the need to carefully evaluate and select appropriate paradigms when investigating novel therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"172-178"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9248860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Is climate change affecting mental health of urban populations? 气候变化是否影响城市人口的心理健康？

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000859

Paolo Cianconi, Batul Hanife, Daniele Hirsch, Luigi Janiri

{"title":"Is climate change affecting mental health of urban populations?","authors":"Paolo Cianconi, Batul Hanife, Daniele Hirsch, Luigi Janiri","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000859","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000859","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: In this article, we outline an up-to-date overview of the climate change impact on mental health of urban population, conducted by searching the PubMed database for relevant studies published in the past 12-18 months, in English.Recent findings: Climate change is part of a larger systemic ecological problem in which human demands are exceeding the regenerative capacity of the biosphere. We are witnessing a 'climate chaos', a phase of instability and transformation, which is leading humans into a psychological condition of 'systemic insecurity' and a shared feeling of uncertainty. Currently, one of the places where our species is particularly exposed to climate change are cities, due to build-up in urban infrastructure, rapid and chaotic urbanization, high densities and recent rapid growth, social inequality, and 'heat island effect'.The impact of climate change on cities exposes vulnerable groups to the worse mental health consequences. These groups include the homelessness, slum dwellers for whom the 'neighbourhood effects' are being discussed, climate refugees and migrants, young people, and finally those who assist these people.Summary: In order to realize broader mental health prevention in cities exposed to climate change phenomena, public health approaches are needed. Institutions must avoid reinforcing inequalities among the more vulnerable groups or create new inequalities.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"213-218"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9248863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Editorial introductions. 编辑介绍。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000865

引用次数: 0

Meta-analysis of insomnia, suicide, and psychopathology in schizophrenia. 精神分裂症患者失眠、自杀和精神病理学的荟萃分析。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000856

Brian J Miller, William V McCall

{"title":"Meta-analysis of insomnia, suicide, and psychopathology in schizophrenia.","authors":"Brian J Miller, William V McCall","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000856","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000856","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Insomnia is common in schizophrenia. Insomnia has been associated with suicidal ideation and behavior, as well as greater severity of psychopathology, in schizophrenia. This review performs a meta-analysis of associations between insomnia, suicide, and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia.Recent findings: We searched major electronic databases from inception until November 2022 for studies of insomnia, suicide, and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia. Random effects meta-analysis calculating odds ratios (ORs, for suicide) and effect sizes (ESs, for psychopathology) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 3428 patients with schizophrenia. Insomnia was associated with a significant increased odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.28-2.65, P < 0.01) and suicide attempt or death (OR = 5.83, 95% CI 1.61-2.96, P < 0.01). Insomnia was also associated with total (ES = 0.16, 95% CI 0.09-0.23, P < 0.01), positive (ES = 0.14, 95% CI 0.08-0.20, P = 0.02), and general (ES = 0.17, 95% CI 0.08-0.27, P < 0.01) psychopathology. In meta-regression analyses, BMI was negatively associated with suicidal ideation. Otherwise, age, sex, and study year were all unrelated to the associations.Summary: Insomnia is associated with suicide and psychopathology in schizophrenia. Formal assessment and treatment of insomnia appears relevant to the clinical care of schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":"36 3","pages":"156-165"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9255000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1