Cognitive disorders in patients with neuroimmunological disease.

IF 7.5 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-24 DOI:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000977
Miguel Restrepo-Martinez, Vaughan Bell, Jesus Ramirez-Bermudez
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and autoimmune encephalitis can directly and indirectly affect brain function, leading to cognitive dysfunction or well characterized neurocognitive syndromes. However, these are often poorly characterized in the literature. Here, we review evidence on clinical manifestations, risk factors, their assessment and outcomes, and evidence for underlying mechanisms and associated biomarkers, if available.

Recent findings: Significant advances have been made in neurocognitive disorders associated with four categories of autoimmune disease: neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune connective tissue diseases, neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the CNS, neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune encephalitis, and neurocognitive disorders due to cerebrovascular disease of autoimmune origin.

Summary: Autoimmune diseases should be considered as critical causal factors underlying new cases of neurocognitive disorder, especially in young patients. These diseases are mediated by immune system reactions involving antibody production, T-cell-mediated damage, and demyelination. Although the prognosis seems favourable in most conditions after immunotherapy, the magnitude of the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy on cognitive functioning remains unclear.

神经免疫疾病患者的认知障碍。
综述目的:自身免疫性疾病如系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、多发性硬化症(MS)和自身免疫性脑炎可直接或间接影响脑功能,导致认知功能障碍或特征明确的神经认知综合征。然而,这些在文献中往往没有得到很好的描述。在这里,我们回顾了临床表现、危险因素、评估和结果的证据,以及潜在机制和相关生物标志物的证据(如果有的话)。近期发现:在与四类自身免疫性疾病相关的神经认知障碍方面取得了重大进展:自身免疫性结缔组织疾病引起的神经认知障碍、中枢神经系统自身免疫性脱髓鞘疾病引起的神经认知障碍、自身免疫性脑炎引起的神经认知障碍和自身免疫性脑血管疾病引起的神经认知障碍。自身免疫性疾病应被视为神经认知障碍新发病例的关键病因,尤其是在年轻患者中。这些疾病是由免疫系统反应介导的,包括抗体产生、t细胞介导的损伤和脱髓鞘。尽管在大多数情况下,免疫治疗后的预后似乎是有利的,但免疫治疗对认知功能的治疗效果的大小仍不清楚。
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来源期刊
Current Opinion in Psychiatry
Current Opinion in Psychiatry 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
12.20
自引率
1.40%
发文量
76
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Current Opinion in Psychiatry is an easy-to-digest bimonthly journal covering the most interesting and important advances in the field of psychiatry. Eight sections on mental health disorders including schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental disorders and eating disorders, are presented alongside five area-specific sections, offering an expert evaluation on the most exciting developments in the field.
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