Current oncology最新文献

{"title":"Rural Versus Urban Genitourinary Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Pennsylvania: 1990-2019.","authors":"Jonathan Pham, Ahmad N Alzubaidi, Jay D Raman, Tullika Garg","doi":"10.3390/curroncol31120597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our aim was to describe the incidence and mortality of genitourinary (GU) cancers in rural and urban Pennsylvania counties. We calculated age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of GU (prostate, bladder, and kidney) cancers from 1990 to 2019 in the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. We defined rurality using the Center for Rural Pennsylvania's population density-based definition. We modeled average annual percent changes (AAPC) in age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates using joinpoint regression. Overall GU cancer incidence decreased in rural and urban counties (AAPC -7.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.04 and AAPC -6.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.02, respectively). Prostate cancer incidence decreased in rural and urban counties by -10.5% (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and -9.1% (<i>p</i> = 0.01), respectively. Kidney cancer incidence increased in both rural and urban counties, respectively (AAPC = +11.2, <i>p</i> = 0.002 and +9.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.01). GU cancer mortality decreased in rural and urban counties (AAPC = -11.6, <i>p</i> = 0.047 and AAPC -12.2, <i>p</i> = 0.01, respectively). Prostate cancer mortality decreased at similar rates in rural and urban counties (AAPC -15.5, <i>p</i> = 0.03 and -15.4, <i>p</i> = 0.02, respectively). Kidney cancer mortality decreased in urban (AAPC -6.9% <i>p</i> = 0.03) but remained stable in rural counties. Bladder cancer incidence and mortality were unchanged in both types of counties. Over three decades, GU cancer incidence and mortality decreased across Pennsylvania counties.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"31 12","pages":"8110-8117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Complete Response of Metastatic Oncogene-Negative, PDL1-Negative Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Chemo-Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy: A Case Report.","authors":"Alessia Surgo, Valerio Davì, Maria Paola Ciliberti, Roberta Carbonara, Morena Caliandro, Fiorella Cristina Di Guglielmo, Nicola Sasso, Roberto Calbi, Maria Annunziata Gentile, Tiziana Talienti, Isabella Bruno, Michele Troia, Ilaria Bonaparte, Giuseppe Mario Ludovico, Giammarco Surico, Alba Fiorentino","doi":"10.3390/curroncol31120598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 71-year-old male ex-smoker presented in October 2021 to our department with a brain and bone metastatic adenocarcinoma NSCLC. PDL1, ROS, EGFR, and ALK were negative. He underwent stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases. In November 2021, he started a chemotherapy (CHT) regimen with cisplatin (75 mg/m² every 21 days) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m² every 21 days), and ICI with Atezolizumab (1200 mg every 21 days). In July 2022, RT to the lung tumor and mediastinal nodal was performed with a total dose of 45 Gy in 15 fractions. He continued with immunotherapy until December 2022, when a grade 3-4 toxicity from immunotherapy was observed (hypothyroidism, psoriasis, and cystitis). He achieved a complete clinical response to the therapy. To date, the patient is alive, with a complete metabolic response, without treatment at 37 months from diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"31 12","pages":"8118-8126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let It Grow: The Role of Growth Factors in Managing Chemotherapy-Induced Cytopenia.","authors":"Ruah Alyamany, Ahmed Alnughmush, Hazzaa Alzahrani, Mansour Alfayez","doi":"10.3390/curroncol31120596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy-induced cytopenia (CIC) is characterized by neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, which are common and serious complications in cancer treatment. These conditions affect approximately 60% of patients undergoing chemotherapy and can significantly impact quality of life, treatment continuity, and overall survival. The use of growth factors, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (GCSFs), erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs), and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), has emerged as a promising strategy for managing CIC. However, the use of these growth factors must be approached with caution. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of growth factors in the management of CIC. Additionally, we discuss predictive markers for treatment response, potential risks, and highlight areas for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"31 12","pages":"8094-8109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting TOP2A in Ovarian Cancer: Biological and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Fulvio Borella, Stefano Fucina, Ylenia Seminara, Pietro Denti, Domenico Ferraioli, Luca Bertero, Niccolò Gallio, Jessica Cusato, Giorgio Valabrega, Alberto Revelli, Luca Marozio, Stefano Cosma","doi":"10.3390/curroncol31120594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enzyme topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) plays a critical role in DNA replication and cell proliferation, making it a promising target for cancer therapy. In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), TOP2A overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to conventional treatments. This review explores the biological functions of TOP2A in EOC and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target. We highlight studies on the mechanisms through which TOP2A contributes to tumor progression and recurrence. Additionally, we evaluate the clinical implications of targeting TOP2A, including the use of TOP2A inhibitors and their combination with novel drugs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding and future directions for targeting TOP2A in the management of EOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"31 12","pages":"8054-8074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Longitudinal Multimodal Imaging Study in Patients with Temporo-Insular Diffuse Low-Grade Tumors: How the Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus Provides Information on Cognitive Outcomes.","authors":"Barbara Tomasino, Cinzia Baiano, Giuseppe Kenneth Ricciardi, Marta Maieron, Andrea Romano, Ilaria Guarracino, Miriam Isola, Maria De Martino, Serena D'Agostini, Daniele Bagatto, Teresa Somma, Miran Skrap, Tamara Ius","doi":"10.3390/curroncol31120595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tractography allows the in vivo study of subcortical white matter, and it is a potential tool for providing predictive indices on post-operative outcomes. We aim at establishing whether there is a relation between cognitive outcome and the status of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus's (IFOF's) microstructure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The longitudinal neuropsychological data of thirty young (median age: 35 years) patients operated on for DLGG in the left temporo-insular cortex along with pre-surgery tractography data were processed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A degraded integrity of the left (vs. right) IFOF (lower fractional anisotropy and length, <i>p</i> < 0.001; higher mean and axial diffusivity, <i>p</i> < 0.01) was found, with lower microstructural variables in the infiltration (vs. dislocation) group. Significant decreases immediately post-surgery vs. pre-surgery mainly occurred in lexico-semantics (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with significant improvements at follow-up in all the tests (<i>p</i> < 0.01 to <i>p</i> < 0.001), despite values in the range of 44% to 47.82% of patients with below cut-off scores regarding naming verbs and making visual lexical decisions. The status of left and right IFOFs is predictive of a decrease in immediate post-surgery performance for several tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05); similarly, it is predictive of better recovery in the follow-up performance for naming nouns, naming verbs, making phonological fluency lexical decisions, and the token test (<i>p</i> < -0.05). For the ROC analysis, a significant result was obtained for the verb-naming test, with a cut-off of 79%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study supports the role of the predictive value of pre-operative tractography for assessing the immediate post-operative result and at follow-up the risk of developing a cognitive deficit.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"31 12","pages":"8075-8093"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Skin Cancer Risk and Sun Safety Practices Among LGBTQ+ Communities in Canada.","authors":"François Lagacé, Farhan Mahmood, Santina Conte, Lorena A Mija, Amina Moustaqim-Barrette, Jonathan LeBeau, Alyson McKenna, Mahan Maazi, Johnny Hanna, Alexandra Sarah Victoria Kelly, Raquel Lazarowitz, Elham Rahme, Travis J Hrubeniuk, Ellen Sweeney, Ivan V Litvinov","doi":"10.3390/curroncol31120593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin cancer prevention relies on effective sun safety practices. Previous studies have shown that LGBTQ+ individuals exhibit lower sunscreen use and higher tanning bed usage compared to their non-LGBTQ+ counterparts. This study is the first to assess skin cancer risk factors, sun-protective behaviors, and skin cancer concerns among LGBTQ+ individuals across Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A national survey study was conducted between July 2020 and March 2024 and included LGBTQ+ respondents aged ≥ 16 years who had completed the survey. Responses were summarized using frequency counts/percentages for categorical variables and means/standard deviations for continuous variables. Logistic regression models were used to calculate age- and gender-adjusted odds ratios for subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 700 LGBTQ+ participants included (59.3% women; median age 38 years), the majority had a Fitzpatrick skin phototype (FSP) I-III (76.4%). Concerningly, 60% reported >10 lifetime sunburns, 58% reported ≥1 blistering sunburn, 34% had used a tanning bed ≥1 time in their lifetime, and 69% reported having a tan in the last 12 months. Sunscreen was worn regularly by only half of the respondents, and half of the participants agreed or strongly agreed with \"I look better and/or healthier with a tan\". Additional comparisons are presented based on gender, FSP, education, and income.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study highlight the need for public health campaigns tailored to the LGBTQ+ community, emphasizing culturally sensitive sun safety education, particularly for LGBTQ+ men, individuals with FSP IV-VI, and those with lower education levels, to help reduce future skin cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"31 12","pages":"8039-8053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a National Colorectal Cancer Screening Research Agenda: An Initiative of the Canadian Screening for Colorectal Cancer Research Network (CanSCCRN).","authors":"Cynthia Kendell, Robin Urquhart, Akua Kyei, Steven J Heitman, Jill Tinmouth","doi":"10.3390/curroncol31120591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Canadian Screening for Colorectal Cancer Research Network (CanSCCRN) recently set out to develop a national CRC screening research agenda and identify priority research areas. The specific objectives were to (1) identify evidence gaps relevant to CRC screening and the barriers and facilitators to evidence generation and uptake by CRC screening programs, (2) establish high-priority collaborative research ideas to inform best CRC screening practices, and (3) identify one to two research topics for grant development and submission within 12 to 18 months. Three focus groups were conducted with network members and relevant parties (<i>n</i> = 15) to identify evidence gaps, barriers, and facilitators to evidence generation and uptake. Three workshops were subsequently held to discuss focus group findings and develop an action plan for research. An electronic survey was used to prioritize the evidence gaps to be addressed. Overall, five categories of barriers and six categories of facilitators to evidence uptake and generation were identified, as well as 23 evidence gaps to be addressed. Screening participation, post-polypectomy surveillance, and screening age range were identified as research priority research areas. Adequate resourcing and infrastructure, as well as partnerships with knowledge end users, are integral to addressing these research areas and advancing CRC screening programs in Canada and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"31 12","pages":"8010-8022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Implementing Comprehensive Precision Medicine Screening for Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Laura R Moffitt, Nazanin Karimnia, Amy L Wilson, Andrew N Stephens, Gwo-Yaw Ho, Maree Bilandzic","doi":"10.3390/curroncol31120592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precision medicine has revolutionised targeted cancer treatments; however, its implementation in ovarian cancer remains challenging. Diverse tumour biology and extensive heterogeneity in ovarian cancer can limit the translatability of genetic profiling and contribute to a lack of biomarkers of treatment response. This review addresses the barriers in precision medicine for ovarian cancer, including obtaining adequate and representative tissue samples for analysis, developing functional and standardised screening methods, and navigating data infrastructure and management. Ethical concerns related to patient consent, data privacy and health equity are also explored. We highlight the socio-economic complexities for precision medicine and propose strategies to overcome these challenges with an emphasis on accessibility and education amongst patients and health professionals and the development of regulatory frameworks to support clinical integration. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to drive progress in precision medicine to improve disease management and ovarian cancer patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"31 12","pages":"8023-8038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking Barriers: Empowering Cervical Cancer Screening with HPV Self-Sampling for Sex Workers and Formerly Incarcerated Women in Toronto.","authors":"Mandana Vahabi, Jenna Hynes, Josephine Pui-Hing Wong, Natasha Kithulegoda, Masoomeh Moosapoor, Abdolreza Akbarian, Aisha Lofters","doi":"10.3390/curroncol31120590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although cervical cancer (CC) is highly preventable through appropriate screening methods like the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, which enables early detection of malignant and precancerous lesions, access to such screening has not been equitable across social groups. Sex workers and people with records of incarceration are among the most under-screened populations in Ontario. Little is known about the acceptability and feasibility of HPV self-sampling (HPV-SS) as an alternative cervical cancer screening method for these groups. This online, community-based mixed-methods pilot study aimed to address this knowledge gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-four under- and never-screened sex workers and ex-prisoners aged 25-69 years and residing in the Greater Toronto Area, were recruited by community peer associates. Participants completed an online survey and viewed short videos about CC and screening with Pap and HPV-SS. Those who opted for HPV-SS conducted the test at one of two collaborating organizations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of participants was 36.5 years. Most had limited knowledge about CC and screening. Approximately 13% identified as non-binary, and 5% as two-spirit or trans men, with the majority having completed secondary education. Of the participants, 88% chose HPV-SS, and one-third tested positive for high-risk HPV types. The ability to self-sample without judgment from healthcare providers was noted as a key advantage. However, there was a need for training on proper HPV-SS techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To improve cervical cancer screening among sex workers, increasing awareness through participatory community co-creation of sexual health education is essential. Additionally, offering HPV-SS as a screening option is crucial, given its demonstrated acceptability and feasibility within this population, many of whom lack a primary care provider and face discriminatory attitudes in healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"31 12","pages":"7994-8009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of a Breast Cancer Diagnosis on the Social Interaction Patterns of Young Omani Women: A Qualitative Study Approach.","authors":"Mohammed Al-Azri, Zayana Al-Kiyumi, Khalid Al-Bimani, Huda Al-Awaisi","doi":"10.3390/curroncol31120589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Young women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) face considerable psychological and emotional distress, impacting their interactions with themselves, their families, and the wider community. This study sought to explore the interaction patterns of young Omani BC survivors following their diagnosis and during treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 11 Omani women diagnosed with BC, recruited from the Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre in Muscat, Oman. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to target Omani BC survivors aged under 45 years, with one to five years of survivorship post-diagnosis. Framework analysis was employed to analyse the qualitative data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six key types of interactions with various groups were identified: self, children, spouses, family, friends, and society. While many BC survivors demonstrated resilience through their strong faith, viewing the illness as part of a divine plan, others experienced diminished confidence and social withdrawal due to body image issues. Interactions with children centred on maintaining normalcy, while spouses typically provided emotional support despite challenges with intimacy. Family and friends offered crucial support, although concerns regarding societal stigma led some women to conceal their diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participants in this study demonstrated a strong sense of acceptance of their cancer diagnosis as a result of their faith, viewing it as part of a divine plan. Their belief in divine guidance, paired with optimism about the available treatments, fostered resilience, allowing them to maintain a calm and hopeful outlook during their journey of treatment and recovery. However, some participants experienced a decline in self-confidence, particularly after treatment. This affected their willingness to socialise and interact with others, leading to introversion and a marked withdrawal from social interactions, often related to changed self-perception or fear of judgment following changes in appearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"31 12","pages":"7979-7993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}