Current oncology最新文献

{"title":"Old Tools in a New Era: The Continued Relevance of Chemotherapy in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology.","authors":"Kathleen Felton, Lucie Lafay-Cousin, Sylvia Cheng","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070410","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32070410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional chemotherapy continues to form the backbone of treatment for many pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Advances have been made especially in the molecular underpinning of certain pediatric CNS tumors, allowing for advancement and consideration in incorporating this molecular information in molecular targeted therapy or appropriate de-escalation or escalation of therapy. In very young children with embryonal CNS tumors, intensive high-dose chemotherapy approaches have been used with varied increased survival in medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and rare embryonal subtypes, but there are certain molecular risk groups that require new therapies, such as the ATRT MYC subtype. Some CNS tumors remain resistant or refractory to conventional chemotherapy, especially in relapsed disease. Strategies to explore combination therapies with chemotherapy, novel agents, and novel approaches are needed to improve survival in this population in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12293580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Management of Desmoid Tumors-Patient Selection, Timing, and Approach.","authors":"Catherine Sarre Lazcano, Alessandro Gronchi","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070408","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32070408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Desmoid tumors are rare, deep-seated myofibroblastic tumors with an unpredictable course, ranging from spontaneous regression to infiltrative growth and locally aggressive behavior, but without metastatic potential. Over the past few decades, advances in understanding their natural history, underlying molecular pathways, and patient care priorities have shifted the treatment paradigm from upfront surgical resection to initial active surveillance, with further treatment dictated by continuous disease progression or associated symptoms. However, there are still specific scenarios where surgery continues to play an important role in locoregional treatment and symptom control. This article will focus on current treatment strategies and surgical indications in adult patients with desmoid tumors, emphasizing patient selection, anatomic site-specific considerations, and surgical technique. Understanding the nuanced role of surgery within the growing treatment landscape is key for individualized patient care in a multidisciplinary setting to optimize quality of life and long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12293873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique Biological Characteristics of Patients with High Gleason Score and Localized/Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Using an In Silico Translational Approach.","authors":"Shiori Miyachi, Masanori Oshi, Takeshi Sasaki, Itaru Endo, Kazuhide Makiyama, Takahiro Inoue","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070409","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32070409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gleason score (GS) is one of the best predictors of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness; however, its biological features need to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the biological characteristics of localized/locally advanced PCa stratified using in silico GS analysis. Biological features were analyzed using gene set variation analysis and the xCell algorithm with mRNA expression in two independent public databases: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (<i>n</i> = 493; radical prostatectomy cohort) and GSE116918 (<i>n</i> = 248; radiation therapy cohort). GS levels were positively correlated with the activity levels of cell proliferation-related gene sets, including E2F targets, the G2M checkpoint, the mitotic spindle, and MYC targets v1 and v2 in both cohorts. Furthermore, GS levels were positively associated with the activity levels of immune-related gene sets and infiltrating fractions of immune cells, including CD4+ memory T cells, dendritic cells, M1 macrophages, and Th2 cells, in both cohorts. Notably, GS levels were positively associated with the score levels of homologous recombination defects, intratumor heterogeneity, fraction genome alteration, neoantigens, and mutation rates in the TCGA cohort. In conclusion, PCa with high GS levels was associated with cancer cell proliferation, immune cell infiltration, and high mutation rates, which may reflect worse clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12294092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Cancer Screening Cascade: A Framework for Monitoring Uptake and Retention Along the Screening and Treatment Pathway.","authors":"Sara Izadi-Najafabadi, Laurie W Smith, Anna Gottschlich, Amy Booth, Stuart Peacock, Gina S Ogilvie","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070407","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32070407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cervical cancer is a major global health concern, causing approximately 350,000 deaths annually. It is also preventable through effective prevention and early detection. To facilitate elimination, the World Health Organization (WHO) set targets for HPV vaccination, screening, and treatment. Achieving these goals requires frameworks to monitor screening program performance. As many regions transition to HPV primary screening, a standardized Cervical Cancer Screening Cascade can track performance, identify gaps in follow-up, and optimize resource allocation. <b>Methods:</b> This paper introduces a structured cascade developed to monitor uptake, retention, and outcomes in HPV-based screening programs. The Cascade was created through collaboration between public health experts, clinicians, and researchers at the University of British Columbia (UBC), the Women's Health Research Institute, and BC Cancer. <b>Results:</b> The Cascade outlines four phases: screening, triage, detection, and treatment. Each phase includes two substages: \"uptake\" and \"results,\" with an additional substage in screening (\"invitation\"). \"Screening\" assesses invitation effectiveness and participation. \"Triage\" tracks follow-up after a positive screen. \"Detection\" evaluates attendance at diagnostic appointments, and \"Treatment\" measures the treatment rate for those with precancerous lesions. <b>Conclusions:</b> The Cascade can guide emerging and existing HPV screening programs within Canada and other similarly resourced settings and serve as a benchmark tool for programs to assess their progress towards cervical cancer elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12293338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pemigatinib in the Real-World Management of Cholangiocarcinoma Through a Canadian Patient Support Program.","authors":"Philip Q Ding, Vincent C Tam, Ravi Ramjeesingh, Jamil Asselah, Brandon S Sheffield, Taylor Mitchell, Anne-Julie Gaudreau, Jennifer J Knox, Winson Y Cheung","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070405","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32070405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In September 2021, pemigatinib received Health Canada approval for previously treated locally advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with <i>FGFR2</i> rearrangements/fusions. This retrospective study aimed to characterize the real-world management and outcomes of patients with CCA receiving pemigatinib through a Canadian patient support program (PSP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated a multi-centre case series of Canadian patients who were prescribed pemigatinib between September 2021 and January 2023 for eligible CCA diagnoses and enrolled in the PSP. The retrospective study data included demographic and disease-, treatment-, and outcome-related information, and these were collected using a survey of prescribing physicians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 26 patients who initiated pemigatinib in the PSP, we received survey responses for 18 (69%). Their median age was 57 years, 67% were female, 61% had stage IV disease, and 83% had intrahepatic CCA. Prior to pemigatinib, a partial hepatectomy was performed in 44% of the patients, and 66% of the patients received 2-4 prior lines of systemic therapy. All patients were treated with platinum-based regimens as the first-line treatment for unresectable/metastatic disease. The median follow-up time on pemigatinib was 12.6 (range: 2.3-28.4) months, and their median real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) was 12.1 months (95% CI 7.2-NR). The physician-assessed objective response and disease control rates were 56% and 89%, respectively. For the nine patients who discontinued pemigatinib, the median treatment duration was 10.6 months (range: 0.8-21.7). Disease progression was the most common reason for discontinuation (89%). None discontinued due to adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Objective response rates, disease control rates, and a PFS comparable to that in the phase 2 FIGHT-202 trial was reported with pemigatinib use in this Canadian PSP cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12293483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collecting Data on the Social Determinants of Health to Advance Health Equity in Cancer Care in Canada: Patient and Community Perspectives.","authors":"Jacqueline L Bender, Eryn Tong, Ekaterina An, Zhihui Amy Liu, Gilla K Shapiro, Jonathan Avery, Alanna Chu, Christian Schulz-Quach, Sarah Hales, Alies Maybee, Ambreen Sayani, Andrew Pinto, Aisha Lofters","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070406","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32070406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite advances in cancer care, disparities persist. The collection of the social determinants of health (SDOH) is fundamental to addressing disparities. However, SDOH are inconsistently collected in many regions of the world. This two-phase multiple methods study examined patient and community perspectives regarding SDOH data collection in Canada. In phase 1, a survey was administered to patients at a cancer centre (<i>n</i> = 549) to assess perspectives on an SDOH data collection tool. In phase 2, broader perspectives were sought through a community consultation with patient partners experiencing structural inequality (<i>n</i> = 15). Most participants were comfortable with SDOH data collection. Of survey respondents, 95% were comfortable with the collection of language, birthplace, sex, gender, education, and disability, and 82% to 94% were comfortable with SES, sexual orientation, social support, and race/ethnicity. Discomfort levels did not differ across subgroups, except women were more uncomfortable disclosing SES (OR: 2.00; 95%CI: 1.26, 3.19). Most (71%) preferred face-to-face data collection with a healthcare professional and only half were comfortable with storage of SDOH in electronic health records. Open-ended survey responses (<i>n</i> = 1533) and the community consultation revealed concerns about privacy, discrimination, relevance to care, and data accuracy. SDOH data collection efforts should include a clear rationale for patients, training for providers, strong data privacy and security measures, and actionable strategies to address needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12293307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations in Lung Cancer: Clinical-Pathological Characteristics and Immune Microenvironment.","authors":"Qianqian Xue, Yue Wang, Qiang Zheng, Ziling Huang, Yicong Lin, Yan Jin, Yuan Li","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070403","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32070403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MET exon 14 skipping mutations have emerged as significant driver alterations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), contributing to tumor progression. This study examines the immune microenvironment in NSCLC patients with these mutations and its prognostic implications. We performed multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from nine NSCLC patients, including four recurrent/metastatic and five non-recurrent/non-metastatic patients. Two panels assessed immune cell markers (CD8, CD4, CD20, CD68, and FoxP3) and immune checkpoints (PD-L1, LAG3, and TIM3). Immune cell infiltration and checkpoint expression were analyzed using HALO^TM software (version 3.6.4134.464). Nearest neighbor analysis was conducted to assess the proximity of immune cells to tumor cells. Univariate Cox regression analysis assessed factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS). CD8+TIM3+ and CD8+LAG3+ cells were predominantly located in the tumor parenchyma of recurrent/metastatic patients but localized to the stroma in non-recurrent/non-metastatic patients. Non-recurrent/non-metastatic patients exhibited a higher density of tertiary lymphoid structures and closer proximity of CD20+ B cells, CD8+TIM3+, and CD8+LAG3+ cells to tumor cells compared to recurrent/metastatic patients, though the differences were not statistically significant. Cox regression analysis suggested a potential association between higher densities of CD8+TIM3+ cells and improved DFS (HR = 0.89), though these findings did not reach statistical significance. Our findings suggest that differences in immune microenvironmental factors, particularly those related to immune checkpoint expression (TIM3 and LAG3), may influence clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutations. Further studies are needed to validate these observations and explore potential therapeutic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12293242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Adjuvant Care in Early Breast Cancer: Multidisciplinary Strategies and Innovative Models from Canadian Centers.","authors":"Angela Chan, Nancy Nixon, Muna Al-Khaifi, Alain Bestavros, Christine Blyth, Winson Y Cheung, Caroline Hamm, Thomas Joly-Mischlich, Mita Manna, Tom McFarlane, Laura V Minard, Sarah Naujokaitis, Christine Peragine, Cindy Railton, Scott Edwards","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070402","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32070402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adjuvant treatment landscape for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) early breast cancer (EBC) is rapidly evolving, with a diverse range of therapeutic options-including endocrine therapies, bisphosphonates, ovarian function suppression, olaparib, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and emerging agents such as immunotherapy. While these advances have markedly improved patient outcomes, they also introduce challenges related to implementation, monitoring, and resource allocation. Notably, therapies like CDK4/6 inhibitors require particularly close monitoring, creating logistical and capacity challenges for medical oncologists, whose workloads are already stretched due to rising cancer incidence and treatment complexities. These challenges underscore the need for innovative care delivery solutions to ensure patients with EBC continue to receive optimal care. This paper offers a comprehensive guide-a playbook-of multidisciplinary-team-based care models designed to optimize adjuvant treatment delivery in EBC. Drawing on real-world evidence and successful applications across Canadian centers, we explore models led by nurses, nurse practitioners (NPs), general practitioners in oncology (GPO), and pharmacists. Each model leverages the unique expertise of its team to manage treatment toxicities, facilitate adherence, and enhance patient education, thereby promoting effective and sustainable care delivery. Importantly, these models are not intended to compete with one another, but rather to serve as a flexible recipe book from which breast cancer care teams can draw strategies tailored to their local resources and patient needs. By detailing implementation strategies, benefits, and challenges-in many instances supported by quantitative metrics and economic evaluations-this work aims to inspire care teams nationwide to optimize the adjuvant management of patients with HR+, HER2- EBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12293295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential BACH1 Expression in Basal-like Breast Tumors of Black Women Identified via Immunohistochemistry.","authors":"N M Dowling, Galina Khramtsova, Olufunmilayo Olopade, Shabnam Samankan, Bok-Soon Lee, Jiyoung Lee","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070404","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32070404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACH1 has been identified as a functional regulator of cancer metastasis and metabolic signaling in breast cancer cells. However, the clinical relevance of BACH1 expression in breast tumors remains poorly understood. Using a tissue microarray from a cohort of 130 patients, we assessed the expression of BACH1 and its known target gene, MCT1 (encoded by <i>SLC16A1</i>), through immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression data were then analyzed in relation to clinical variables, including breast cancer subtypes, tissue types, tumor size and grade, patient racial background, and age group. We found positive associations between BACH1 expression and tumor size, tumor grade, and the basal-like subtype. Importantly, BACH1 expression was significantly higher in tumors from Black women compared to those from White women, as well as in the basal-like subtype of breast tumors from Black women. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between BACH1 and MCT1 IHC scores in tumors from Black women, while a weak association was noted in tumors from White women. Our study provides compelling evidence that BACH1 expression is evident based on the race and subtypes of breast cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12293708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Matched Case-Control Study Examining the Association Between Exposure to Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Cerebral Meningioma Using an Active Comparator.","authors":"Russell Griffin, Rebecca Arend","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070401","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32070401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent literature has reported an increased association between the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (dMPA) and cerebral meningioma (CM). Prior studies have been limited in generalizability and did not use an active comparator as a control. The current matched case-control study utilized a bootstrapped sampling design, matching 241 CM cases with controls (i.e., women diagnosed with non-meningioma brain, breast, or skin tumor, one control per type for three total) on age ± 5 years and diagnosis date ± 3 months. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) compared with an active (norethindrone or levonorgestrel) and non-active control group. Exposure to dMPA at any time point was not associated with the diagnosis of cerebral meningioma (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.81-4.95). Exposure to dMPA within a year of diagnosis was associated with the diagnosis of CM compared to both an active control (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.13-9.70) and a non-active control (OR 6.90, 95% CI 2.31-17.58). This association was also present for those who were exposed within two years prior when compared to a non-active control (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.50-11.88) but not an active control. Combined with the prior literature, the current results suggest that future research is warranted to understand this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12293745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}