Current oncology最新文献

{"title":"Evolving Treatment Paradigms in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Expert Narrative Review.","authors":"Vineet Talwar, Kaushal Kalra, Akhil Kapoor, P S Dattatreya, Amit Joshi, Krishna Chaitanya, M V Chandrakanth, Atul Batra, Krishna Prasad, Nikhil Haridas, Nilesh Lokeshwar","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment landscape of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has transformed significantly with the advent of triplet therapy involving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), docetaxel, and androgen receptor signalling inhibitors (ARSIs). While clinical guidelines increasingly support early intensification, real-world practice remains challenged by patient heterogeneity, evolving evidence, and limited consensus on treatment sequencing. This narrative review integrates evidence from landmark trials, clinical guidelines, and expert insights from oncologists managing mHSPC in India. Findings affirm that triplet therapy, particularly with darolutamide, improves survival in high-volume disease and underscores the need for personalized treatment based on disease burden, comorbidities, and genomic profiles. The review also highlights gaps in real-world data, sequencing strategies, and biomarker-driven therapy, reinforcing the need for precision medicine and locally relevant evidence to guide treatment. Ultimately, optimizing mHSPC management requires harmonizing guideline-based approaches with individualized, real-world decision making to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Person-Centered, Clinical, and Research Navigation in Rare Cancers: The Canadian Cholangiocarcinoma Collaborative (C3).","authors":"Samar Attieh, Leonard Angka, Christine Lafontaine, Cynthia Mitchell, Julie Carignan, Carolina Ilkow, Simon Turcotte, Rachel Goodwin, Rebecca C Auer, Carmen G Loiselle","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Person-centered navigation (PCN) in healthcare refers to a proactive collaboration among professionals, researchers, patients, and their families to guide individuals toward timely access to screening, treatment, follow-up, and psychosocial support. PCN-which includes professional, peer, and virtual guidance, is particularly crucial for rare cancers, where affected individuals face uncertainty, limited support, financial strain, and difficulties accessing relevant information, testing, and other services. The Canadian Cholangiocarcinoma Collaborative (C3) prioritizes PCN implementation to address these challenges in the context of Biliary Tract Cancers (BTCs). C3 uses a virtual PCN model and staffs a \"C3 Research Navigator\" who provides clinical and research navigation such as personalized guidance and support, facilitating access to molecular testing, clinical trials, and case reviews through national multidisciplinary rounds. C3 also supports a national network of BTC experts, a patient research registry, and advocacy activities. C3's implementation strategies include co-design, timely delivery of support, and optimal outcomes across its many initiatives. Future priorities include expanding the C3 network, enhancing user engagement, and further integrating its innovative approach into routine care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunologic Alteration After Total En-Bloc Spondylectomy with Anterior Spinal Column Reconstruction with Frozen Tumor-Containing Bone Autologous Grafts: A Case Report in a Prospective Study.","authors":"Hisaki Aiba, Hiroaki Kimura, Ryu Terauchi, Nobuyuki Suzuki, Kenji Kato, Kiyoshi Yagi, Makoto Yamaguchi, Kiyoka Murakami, Shogo Suenaga, Toshiharu Shirai, Ayano Aso, Costantino Errani, Hideki Murakami","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryotherapy could stimulate immune responses and induce abscopal effects. A novel technique was developed for treating spinal bone tumors involving the use of frozen tumor-containing autologous bone grafts for anterior spinal reconstruction following total en-bloc spondylectomy, with the aim of activating cryoimmunity. This study focused on analyzing changes in the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire after surgery to evaluate T-cell diversity. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-operatively, with subsequent RNA extraction and immunosequencing. Compared to pre-surgery samples, the diversity and abundance of the Complementarity-Determining Region 3, regions of the TCR α and β chains decreased, suggesting that more selective clones may have emerged and influenced immune responses. Through TCR repertoire analysis, this study demonstrated that transplantation of frozen tumor-containing autologous bone impacted the immune system. This study is expected to provide a foundation for developing treatments that may enhance immune activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometry and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Moroccan Women: A Large Multicentric Case-Control Study.","authors":"Najia Mane, Najoua Lamchabbek, Siham Mrah, Mohammed Saidi, Chaimaa Elattabi, Elodie Faure, Fatima Zahra El M'rabet, Adil Najdi, Nawfel Mellas, Karima Bendahou, Lahcen Belyamani, Boutayeb Saber, Karima El Rhazi, Chakib Nejjari, Inge Huybrechts, Mohamed Khalis","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080434","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32080434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although evidence suggests adiposity as a modifiable risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer (BC), its association with premenopausal BC remains uncertain. This potential differential relationship for menopausal status has been insufficiently investigated in the Moroccan population due to limited data. This study aims to assess the relationship between various indicators of adiposity and the risk of BC among Moroccan women by menopausal status. A multicenter case-control study was conducted in Morocco between December 2019 and August 2023, including 1400 incident BC cases and 1400 matched controls. Detailed measures of adiposity and self-reported measures from different life stages were collected. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between body size indicators and the risk of BC, adjusting for a range of known risk factors for BC. Higher waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were associated with an increased risk of BC in both pre- (<i>p</i>-trend < 0.001 for both WC and HC) and post-menopausal women (<i>p</i>-trend < 0.001 for WC, 0.002 for HC). Current body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m² increased the risk of postmenopausal BC (<i>p</i>-trend = 0.012). Among postmenopausal women, higher weight at age 20 was positively associated with BC risk (<i>p</i>-trend < 0.001), while, weight at age 30 was significantly associated with increased BC risk in both pre- (<i>p</i>-trend = 0.008) and post-menopausal women (<i>p</i>-trend = 0.028). Interestingly, weight gain since age 20 was inversely associated with BC risk in postmenopausal women in the adjusted model (<i>p</i>-trend = 0.006). Young-adult BMI observed a significant increased trend with BC risk in both pre- (<i>p</i>-trend = 0.008) and post-menopausal women (<i>p</i>-trend < 0.001). In premenopausal women, larger body shape during childhood and early adulthood was positively associated with BC risk (<i>p</i>-trend = 0.01 and = 0.011, respectively). In postmenopausal women, larger childhood and adolescent body silhouettes were also associated with increased BC risk (<i>p</i>-trend = 0.045 and 0.047, respectively). These results suggest that anthropometric factors may have different associations with pre- and post-menopausal BC among Moroccan women. This underscores the importance of conducting large prospective studies to better understand these findings and explore their links to different molecular subtypes of BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAPOX vs. FOLFOX for Colorectal Cancer-Real World Outcomes in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Deepro Chowdhury, Gregory R Pond, John R Goffin","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CAPOX and FOLFOX are widely used chemotherapy regimens for colorectal cancer (CRC). The superiority of one regimen over the other in a real-world setting (RWE) could have significant clinical implications given their common use, but such RWE is limited. This study analyzed provincial database records of 13,461 Canadian patients treated from 2005 to 2017. The primary outcomes were rates of Emergency Department visits and/or hospitalizations (ED/H) and overall survival (OS). CAPOX was used less frequently (8.4%) than FOLFOX (91.6%), often in older patients (<i>p</i> < 0.003 for Stage I-III; <i>p</i> < 0.001 for Stage IV). CAPOX recipients had shorter treatment durations (median 15 vs. 20 weeks, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and higher unadjusted ED/H rates (60.8% vs. 50.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), though this difference was nonsignificant on multivariate analysis (MVA) (HR 1.05 (0.92, 1.20), <i>p</i> = 0.466). Patients receiving CAPOX had worse OS than those on FOLFOX, (5-year OS 70.1% vs. 77.2% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) non-metastatic; 16.6% vs. 33.2% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) metastatic). MVA confirmed inferior OS with CAPOX (HR 1.42, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Other predictors of shorter OS included older age, male sex, comorbidities, rural residence, and lower income. This administrative data is at risk of bias but highlights the need for careful patient selection and informed treatment decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on the Management of Symptoms in Patients with Incurable Cancer.","authors":"Florbela Gonçalves, Margarida Gaudêncio, Ana Rocha, Ivo Paiva, Francisca Rego, Rui Nunes","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palliative care aims to alleviate suffering and prioritize the quality of life of patients facing serious and fatal diseases, such as cancer. Cancer patients, especially in advanced stages, often have many difficult-to-control symptoms, such as pain, fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety, and depression, requiring the attention of a multidisciplinary team highly trained in palliative care and end-of-life management. Pain, dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting are the focus of symptomatic assessment in palliative care, but patients experience other equally important symptoms that do not receive as much attention and are often overlooked, which negatively impacts the quality of life of these patients. One of the main aims of palliative care is to provide patients with the best possible quality of life through adequate symptom control, teamwork, and psychosocial support based on the principles, values, and wishes of the patient and family. In this review, the authors summarize the management of common symptoms in patients in oncology and palliative care, as well as present a brief reflection on quality of life in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Audit to Improve End-of-Life Care in a Tertiary Cancer Centre.","authors":"Conor D Moloney, Hailey K Carroll, Elaine Cunningham, Daniel Nuzum, Mairead Lyons, Richard M Bambury, Dearbhaile C Collins, Roisín M Connolly, Paula O'Donovan, Renelyn Sumugat, Shahid Iqbal, Sinead A Noonan, Derek G Power, Aoife C Lowney, Seamus O'Reilly, Mary Jane O'Leary","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-quality end-of-life care (EoLC) is a critical yet often underemphasised component of oncology care. Several shortcomings in the delivery of EoLC for oncology patients in our centre during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified in our initial 2021 audit. In 2022, we introduced a care of dying patients proforma, an EoLC quality checklist, targeted education and training for staff, and an expanded end-of-life (EoL) committee. This re-audit aimed to review how these changes impacted on the care received by patients in a tertiary cancer centre. A second retrospective re-audit of patients who died between 11 July 2022 and 30 April 2023 was performed to assess quality of EoLC using the Oxford Quality indicators. A total of 72 deaths occurred over the audit period. Quality of EoLC improved significantly when compared to the initial audit (χ² (3, <i>n</i> = 138) = 9.75, <i>p</i> = 0.021). Exploration of patients' wishes was documented in 48.8% and referral to pastoral care was documented in 68.3%, from 24.2% and 10.6%, respectively. The proportion of patients receiving poor EoLC reduced from 21.2% to 8.3%. Our study demonstrates the benefits of simple interventions, the importance of re-audit, and the role of ongoing interdisciplinary commitment to improving EoLC for our patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell and Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Tumors: A Rare Case Without Mutations in Cancer-Associated Genes.","authors":"Manuela Macera, Simone Morra, Mario Ascione, Daniela Terracciano, Monica Ianniello, Giovanni Savarese, Carlo Alviggi, Giuseppe Bifulco, Nicola Longo, Annamaria Colao, Paola Ungaro, Paolo Emidio Macchia","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are rare ovarian neoplasms that account for less than 0.5% of all ovarian tumors. They usually affect young women and often present with androgenic symptoms. We report a unique case of a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with both SLCT and clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCP-RCC), a rare tumor association with unclear pathogenesis. (2) Methods: Both tumors were treated surgically. The diagnostic workup included hormonal testing, imaging studies, and extensive genetic testing, including DICER1 mutation analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), as well as the examination of a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel covering ~280 cancer-related genes. (3) Results: Histopathologic examination confirmed a well-differentiated SLCT and CCP-RCC. No pathogenic variants in DICER1 were identified by WES or MLPA. No clinically relevant changes were found in the extended NGS panel either, so a known hereditary predisposition could be ruled out. The synchronous occurrence of both tumors without genomic alterations could indicate a sporadic event or as yet unidentified mechanisms. (4) Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of rare tumor compounds. The exclusion of DICER1 mutations and the absence of genetic findings adds new evidence to the limited literature and underscores the importance of long-term surveillance and further research into potential shared oncogenic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Enablers to Engaging with Long-Term Follow-Up Care Among Canadian Survivors of Pediatric Cancer: A COM-B Analysis.","authors":"Holly Wright, Sharon H J Hou, Brianna Henry, Rachelle Drummond, Kyle Mendonça, Caitlin Forbes, Iqra Rahamatullah, Jenny Duong, Craig Erker, Michael S Taccone, R Liam Sutherland, Paul C Nathan, Maria Spavor, Karen Goddard, Kathleen Reynolds, Sharon Paulse, Annette Flanders, Fiona S M Schulte","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Survivors of pediatric cancer are at risk for late effects and require risk-adapted long-term follow-up (LTFU) care. Yet less than 50% of survivors attend LTFU care. This study aimed to identify barriers and enablers of engaging with LTFU care as perceived by Canadian survivors of pediatric cancer and healthcare providers (HCPs). Survivors (<i>n</i> = 108) and HCPs (<i>n</i> = 20) completed surveys assessing barriers and enablers to attending LTFU care, summarized using descriptive statistics. Participants were invited to participate in survivor focus groups (<i>n</i> = 22) or HCP semi-structured interviews (<i>n</i> = 7). These were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation for Behaviour Change (COM-B) model, which explores how an individual's <i>capability</i>, <i>opportunity</i>, and <i>motivation</i> influence a target behaviour. Structural barriers, transitioning from pediatric to adult care, and time constraints were highlighted as barriers that affect survivors' <i>physical opportunity</i> to engage in LTFU care. Accessibility, financial support, HCPs and family support, and community resources were highlighted as enablers that better survivors' <i>physical</i> and <i>social opportunity</i> to engage in LTFU care. In conclusion, Canadian survivors of pediatric cancer highlighted barriers that limited their <i>physical opportunity</i> to attend LTFU care, while factors that enhanced their <i>physical</i> and <i>social opportunities</i> facilitated greater engagement with LTFU care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Longitudinal Study of Premalignant Gastric Lesions and Early Onset Gastric Cancer Among Young Adults in Central Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Ahmed Albadrani, Georgios Zacharakis, Mohammed Saad Alqahtani, Abdulrahman AlHarbi, Abdulaziz Alkudam, Abdullah Bawazir, Naif Albulayhid, Majed Zaki Bahader, Ahmed Mohammed Alghayyamah, Zahraa Saeed Alzaher","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080428","DOIUrl":"10.3390/curroncol32080428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer traditionally affects older adults, and its precursor lesions and risk factors are well-documented in this population. <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection remains highly prevalent in Saudi Arabia and contributes to gastric pathology. However, early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC), diagnosed in individuals aged ≤ 45 years, presents unique challenges and remains poorly understood in young populations. Therefore, we conducted an observational cohort study using a prospective longitudinal design (2021-2024) involving 1823 Saudi nationals aged 18-45 years who underwent zoom high-definition chromoendoscopy to evaluate the prevalence of premalignant gastric lesions (PGLs) and EOGC. We found a high <i>H. pylori</i> prevalence (78.0%) with PGLs in 1.9% of participants and EOGC-adenocarcinoma in 0.7% of patients. All EOGC cases arose from dysplasia, with most PGLs being classified as OLGA/OLGIM stage II/III. Multiple risk factorswere significantly associated with PGLs and EOGC, including <i>H. pylori</i> infection (<i>p</i> = 0.022), increasing age (<i>p</i> < 0.001), a family history of gastric cancer (<i>p</i> < 0.001), poor dietary habits (<i>p</i> < 0.001), obesity (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and smoking (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Additional EOGC risk factors include dage of 36-45 years (<i>p</i> = 0.018), EBV infection (<i>p</i> = 0.016), and diabetes mellitus (<i>p</i> = 0.001). These findings demonstrate the notable presence of PGLs and EOGC in young Saudi adults and emphasize the importance of early detection and risk factor management in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}