Current opinion in pediatrics最新文献

Using informatics to understand pediatric allergic diseases. 利用信息学了解儿童过敏性疾病。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current opinion in pediatrics Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001623

Matthew Grunewald, Robert W Grundmeier, Stanislaw J Gabryszewski

{"title":"Using informatics to understand pediatric allergic diseases.","authors":"Matthew Grunewald, Robert W Grundmeier, Stanislaw J Gabryszewski","doi":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000001623","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Recent advances in the power, utility, and accessibility of artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled new methods of investigation in the biomedical sciences and opportunities to transform clinical workflows. As allergic conditions are among the most common chronic diseases affecting children, pediatric allergy represents a promising area for AI-augmented informatics methods to support molecular discovery, early identification, risk stratification, treatment customization, and longitudinal monitoring, as reviewed herein.Recent findings: Recent pediatric allergy studies have applied informatics and AI methodologies across various data sources, including molecular and multiomic data, structured and unstructured electronic health record data, environmental exposures, diagnostic images, remote monitoring devices, and patient- and clinician-facing AI tools. Primarily still in the research phase, these approaches include biomarker discovery, disease phenotyping, risk stratification, prediction modeling, remote monitoring, and emerging chatbots for allergy education.Summary: Although still relatively nascent within pediatric allergy, AI-augmented informatics shows promise for extracting usable information from complex data and developing tools aimed at personalizing disease detection and management. Most applications remain investigational, and continued progress will require transparency, rigorous validation, generalizability across diverse populations and health systems, feasibility of workflow integration, privacy protection, and longitudinal oversight to ensure continued safety and effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":10985,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanistic insight into eosinophilic enteritis and related disorders. 嗜酸性粒细胞肠炎及相关疾病的机制研究。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current opinion in pediatrics Pub Date : 2026-10-08 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001629

Erin P Syverson, Rajitha D Venkatesh, Dominique D Bailey

{"title":"Mechanistic insight into eosinophilic enteritis and related disorders.","authors":"Erin P Syverson, Rajitha D Venkatesh, Dominique D Bailey","doi":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000001629","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) affecting the gastrointestinal tract outside of the esophagus are categorized as non-EoE EGIDs, and knowledge regarding their natural history and pathophysiology is rapidly advancing. This review synthesizes evolving mechanistic insights in non-EoE EGID immunopathogenesis, emerging paradigms of disease development, and how these insights influence potential therapeutic options for these conditions.Recent findings: The prevalence of non-EoE EGIDs is rising, though overall prevalence remains much lower than that of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Recent standardization of the nomenclature and histologic diagnostic thresholds for non-EoE EGIDs has facilitated progress in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targets of these conditions. Transcriptomic signatures of disease in the proximal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine, are distinct from those in the colon, suggesting that segment-specific therapeutics may be appropriate. Mechanisms beyond eosinophilic inflammation, including mast cell activation, Th2 cytokine signaling, and structural remodeling, may also contribute to disease pathogenesis.Summary: Mechanistic insights elucidated from extensive transcriptomic studies and clinical trials have revealed the broader type 2 pathophysiology of non-EoE EGIDs, thereby offering a valuable opportunity to identify novel therapeutic targets and inform the design of future clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":10985,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sleeve fractures of the patella: current concepts in diagnosis and surgical management. 髌骨套筒骨折：当前诊断和手术治疗的概念。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current opinion in pediatrics Pub Date : 2026-10-08 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001630

Austin G Simpson, Daniel W Green

{"title":"Sleeve fractures of the patella: current concepts in diagnosis and surgical management.","authors":"Austin G Simpson, Daniel W Green","doi":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000001630","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Patella sleeve fractures are the most common patellar fracture in children yet remain frequently missed. Additionally, the options for their repair have grown. This review revisits how the injury is recognized and how the expanding range of fixation choices should be navigated.Recent findings: Recent cohorts confirm that recognition rests on the examination rather than the radiograph, as the injury is frequently confused with Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome. In sleeve fractures that are displaced or minimally displaced and in which the extensor mechanism is disrupted, operative treatment is recommended. Transosseous suture remains the most common technique, with suture anchors used for smaller fragments. No fixation method has proven superior, as no comparative trials have been conducted in pediatrics. Functional outcomes are good across treatment groups. However, patients with operative injuries return to sport more slowly, and hardware removal is common.Summary: Patient outcomes depend less on the choice of fixation than on timely recognition. A high index of suspicion and knowledge of this type of injury help facilitate an accurate diagnosis. MRI-confirmed chondral injury and fracture-specific repair yield reliable outcomes. A delayed diagnosis remains the principal avoidable cause of treatment failure.","PeriodicalId":10985,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in pediatric endoscopy for hereditary polyposis syndromes: promises and challenges. 人工智能在遗传性息肉综合征儿科内窥镜检查中的应用：前景与挑战。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current opinion in pediatrics Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001593

Kennedy Tham, Nicholas Norris, Srisindu Vellanki, Isabel Rojas, Claudia Phen

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in pediatric endoscopy for hereditary polyposis syndromes: promises and challenges.","authors":"Kennedy Tham, Nicholas Norris, Srisindu Vellanki, Isabel Rojas, Claudia Phen","doi":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001593","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001593","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Children with hereditary polyposis syndromes require long-term endoscopic surveillance to reduce risks of gastrointestinal complications: malignancy, bleeding, and obstruction, among others. However, surveillance remains challenging because of variable lesion distribution, subtle morphology, interobserver variability, and the burden of repeated procedures throughout the patient's lifetime. Artificial intelligence has transformed adult endoscopy, but its application in pediatric polyposis is less defined. This review summarizes current evidence and explores potential applications for children with hereditary polyposis syndromes.Recent findings: In adult colonoscopy, meta-analyses and randomized trials demonstrate that artificial intelligence improves adenoma detection rates (ADR) and reduces missed lesions, though evidence linking these benefits to meaningful reductions in colorectal cancer incidence remains insufficient. In capsule endoscopy, artificial intelligence demonstrates high sensitivity for lesion detection while substantially reducing review time. Pediatric data remain limited, with no studies specific to hereditary polyposis syndromes, but early studies support feasibility. Potential applications include automated polyp detection, localization, burden quantification, and longitudinal comparisons across surveillance examinations.Summary: Artificial intelligence has significant potential to improve polyp detection, diagnostic consistency, accuracy, efficiency, and longitudinal disease monitoring in pediatric hereditary polyposis syndromes. Development of pediatric-specific datasets and prospective, multicenter, and outcome-driven validation studies will be essential before widespread clinical implementation.","PeriodicalId":10985,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"502-508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in food allergy. 食物过敏的研究进展。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current opinion in pediatrics Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001605

Navya Kartha, Jason M Sanders, Marcus Shaker

引用次数: 0

Acute pancreatitis: new insights. 急性胰腺炎：新的见解。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current opinion in pediatrics Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-24 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001610

Folashade Jose

{"title":"Acute pancreatitis: new insights.","authors":"Folashade Jose","doi":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001610","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001610","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Acute pancreatitis is an increasingly common cause of hospitalization in children, yet management strategies have historically been extrapolated from adult practice. Over the past 12-18 months, emerging evidence has challenged long-standing approaches to early care and reframed pediatric pancreatitis as a marker of underlying susceptibility. This review is prompt in synthesizing recent insights that are reshaping contemporary pediatric practice.Recent findings: Current literature supports a change in thinking away from aggressive, fixed-rate fluid resuscitation toward moderate, reassessment-driven hydration strategies. Early and adequate analgesia is recognized as essential not only for symptom relief but also for facilitating, mobilization, and enabling prompt enteral nutrition. Early enteral feeding, including nasogastric nutrition in moderate to severe disease, is well tolerated and disease-modifying. Prophylactic antibiotics provide no benefit in sterile necrotizing pancreatitis, and management of necrotizing disease increasingly favors delayed, minimally invasive intervention. Advances in genetic and etiologic evaluation highlight the importance of assessing recurrence risk even after a first episode.Summary: Contemporary pediatric acute pancreatitis management emphasizes restraint, frequent reassessment, and individualized supportive care. Recognizing the condition as a potential sentinel event expands clinical focus beyond the index hospitalization toward recurrence prevention and long-term disease modification ( Suppl Video ).","PeriodicalId":10985,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"484-487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced therapies in management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. 儿童炎症性肠病管理的先进疗法。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current opinion in pediatrics Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001592

Justin Williams, Bhaskar Gurram

{"title":"Advanced therapies in management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Justin Williams, Bhaskar Gurram","doi":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001592","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001592","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has a rising global prevalence, with patients often demonstrating more aggressive and extensive disease activity compared to adult-onset disease. With improved access to therapeutic agents outside of the anti-TNF-α class, we seek to provide an updated framework for the management of PIBD patients through use of advanced biologic and small molecule therapies and to give guidance on the use of dual targeted therapy (DTT).Recent findings: Although anti-TNF agents remain first-line options for moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, emerging pediatric clinical trial and real-world data support the use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab as second-line therapies. While PIBD-specific data are limited, novel anti-IL-23p19 agents and oral Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have shown promising results for refractory disease. Emerging evidence supports the use of DTT for PIBD patients who do not achieve remission endpoints with use of a single agent.Summary: Early aggressive intervention with advanced therapies leads to improved clinical outcomes in PIBD patients with moderate-to-severe disease activity. Proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and strategic use of DTT allow for improved durability of therapy and better clinical remission rates. Additional pediatric studies are needed to properly position novel anti-IL-23p19 and JAKi agents.","PeriodicalId":10985,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"493-501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging diagnostic strategies in neonatal cholestasis: toward earlier and more accurate identification of biliary atresia. 新生儿胆汁淤积症的新诊断策略：更早、更准确地识别胆道闭锁。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current opinion in pediatrics Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-22 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001596

Dieudonne Nonga, Kayla Hartjes, Alyshah Lakhani, Alexa Wawrzyniak, Andrea Newman Molina, Sindhu Pandurangi

{"title":"Emerging diagnostic strategies in neonatal cholestasis: toward earlier and more accurate identification of biliary atresia.","authors":"Dieudonne Nonga, Kayla Hartjes, Alyshah Lakhani, Alexa Wawrzyniak, Andrea Newman Molina, Sindhu Pandurangi","doi":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001596","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001596","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Timely diagnosis of biliary atresia remains critical in infants with neonatal cholestasis, as delays in recognition are associated with reduced native liver survival and poorer outcomes following hepatoportoenterostomy. However, distinguishing biliary atresia from other causes of neonatal cholestasis remains challenging because of overlapping clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. This review highlights emerging diagnostic strategies aimed at improving earlier and more accurate identification of biliary atresia.Recent findings: Recent advances include development of serum biomarkers such as matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), expanded use of next-generation sequencing for genetic cholestatic disorders, and refinements in ultrasonographic evaluation including hepatic subcapsular flow and artificial intelligence-assisted image interpretation. Additional investigational approaches include elastography, advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques, and minimally invasive cholangiographic methods.Summary: Emerging diagnostic tools are reshaping the evaluation of neonatal cholestasis and may improve differentiation of biliary atresia from other hepatobiliary disorders while reducing diagnostic delays and reliance on invasive procedures. Integration of biomarkers, molecular diagnostics, and advanced imaging into standardized clinical pathways may facilitate earlier intervention and improve outcomes, although multicenter validation and equitable implementation remain important priorities.","PeriodicalId":10985,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"488-492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148600010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The electrocardiogram and artificial intelligence: turning signals into insights in pediatric and congenital heart disease. 心电图和人工智能：将信号转化为儿科和先天性心脏病的见解。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current opinion in pediatrics Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001612

David M Leone, Ivor B Asztalos, Joshua Mayourian

{"title":"The electrocardiogram and artificial intelligence: turning signals into insights in pediatric and congenital heart disease.","authors":"David M Leone, Ivor B Asztalos, Joshua Mayourian","doi":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001612","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001612","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Artificial intelligence applied to electrocardiography (AI-ECG) has rapidly been investigated in adult cardiovascular medicine, yet translation into pediatric and congenital heart disease populations has lagged. This review summarizes contemporary AI-ECG methodologies and emerging applications in pediatric and congenital heart disease (PCHD), with emphasis on current clinical utility, technical challenges, and future opportunities for implementation.Recent findings: Recent studies demonstrate that deep learning models can accurately identify arrhythmias, ventricular dysfunction, and CHD from standard ECG. Convolutional neural networks remain the dominant architecture, although transformer-based foundation models and self-supervised learning approaches are increasingly being explored. AI-ECG applications in PCHD have expanded from automated interpretation toward proactive risk stratification, including prediction of ventricular dysfunction, mortality, and sudden cardiac death risk. Additional work has investigated wearable monitoring, telemetry analysis, and integration with longitudinal clinical data. Despite promising performance, most studies remain retrospective and single-center, with limited external validation and challenges related to small datasets, physiologic heterogeneity, and age-dependent ECG variation.Summary: AI-ECG has the potential to transform PCHD by improving diagnostic accuracy, enabling earlier disease detection, and enhancing longitudinal risk assessment. Broader clinical implementation will require multicenter collaboration, prospective validation, standardized datasets, and careful attention to ethical, regulatory, and equity considerations.","PeriodicalId":10985,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"461-468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148721148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is new in abdominal pain-related disorders of the gut-brain interaction in children. 儿童肠脑相互作用腹痛相关疾病的新进展。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Current opinion in pediatrics Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001597

Lily Barash, Carmen Lindmoen, Rachel E Borlack

{"title":"What is new in abdominal pain-related disorders of the gut-brain interaction in children.","authors":"Lily Barash, Carmen Lindmoen, Rachel E Borlack","doi":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001597","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOP.0000000000001597","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review aims to summarize recent advances in the diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of pediatric abdominal pain-related disorders of gut-brain interaction (AP-DGBI), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain - not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS). Emphasis is placed on emerging diagnostic tools, updated international guidelines, and novel therapeutic approaches.Recent findings: Novel diagnostic scoring systems may improve clinical evaluation. Growing evidence also supports the role of sleep, biopsychosocial model, and family dynamics in disease severity and persistence, suggesting additional targets in treatment. The recent 2025 ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the management of AP-DGBI. Evidence for pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies is promising, although data remains limited.Summary: Pediatric AP-DGBI are common and significantly impair quality of life. Advances in diagnostic approaches, our understanding of prevalence and pathophysiology, and growing evidence for both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for AP-DGBI may improve future management. Larger high-quality pediatric trials are needed. A multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach using the biopsychosocial model remains at the forefront of optimizing outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10985,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"477-483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0