Current HIV/AIDS Reports最新文献_第7页

Overamped: Stimulant Use and HIV Pathogenesis. 过度:兴奋剂使用和HIV发病机制。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00672-y

Emily J Ross, Renessa S Williams, Michael Viamonte, John M Reynolds, Dustin T Duncan, Robert H Paul, Adam W Carrico

{"title":"Overamped: Stimulant Use and HIV Pathogenesis.","authors":"Emily J Ross, Renessa S Williams, Michael Viamonte, John M Reynolds, Dustin T Duncan, Robert H Paul, Adam W Carrico","doi":"10.1007/s11904-023-00672-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-023-00672-y","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: In the era of HIV treatment as prevention (TasP), more clarity is needed regarding whether people with HIV who use stimulants (i.e., methamphetamine, powder cocaine, and crack cocaine) display elevated HIV viral load and greater immune dysregulation.Recent findings: Although rates of viral suppression have improved in the TasP era, stimulant use was independently associated with elevated viral load in 23 of 28 studies included in our review. In the 12 studies examining other HIV disease markers, there was preliminary evidence for stimulant-associated alterations in gut-immune dysfunction and cellular immunity despite effective HIV treatment. Studies generally focused on documenting the direct associations of stimulant use with biomarkers of HIV pathogenesis without placing these in the context of social determinants of health. Stimulant use is a key barrier to optimizing the effectiveness of TasP. Elucidating the microbiome-gut-brain axis pathways whereby stimulants alter neuroimmune functioning could identify viable targets for pharmacotherapies for stimulant use disorders. Examining interpersonal, neighborhood, and structural determinants that could modify the associations of stimulant use with biomarkers of HIV pathogenesis is critical to guiding the development of comprehensive, multi-level interventions.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":" ","pages":"321-332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136396769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategies for Hepatitis B Virus Prevention in People Living with HIV. 艾滋病毒感染者预防乙型肝炎病毒的策略。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00670-0

Maria A Corcorran, H Nina Kim

引用次数: 0

Advancing Diagnosis and Treatment in People Living with HIV and Tuberculosis Meningitis. 推进艾滋病毒和结核病患者脑膜炎的诊断和治疗。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00678-6

Sarah Kimuda, Derrick Kasozi, Suzan Namombwe, Jane Gakuru, Timothy Mugabi, Enock Kagimu, Morris K Rutakingirwa, Kristoffer E Leon, Felicia Chow, Sean Wasserman, David R Boulware, Fiona V Cresswell, Nathan C Bahr

{"title":"Advancing Diagnosis and Treatment in People Living with HIV and Tuberculosis Meningitis.","authors":"Sarah Kimuda, Derrick Kasozi, Suzan Namombwe, Jane Gakuru, Timothy Mugabi, Enock Kagimu, Morris K Rutakingirwa, Kristoffer E Leon, Felicia Chow, Sean Wasserman, David R Boulware, Fiona V Cresswell, Nathan C Bahr","doi":"10.1007/s11904-023-00678-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-023-00678-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis. Inadequate diagnostic testing and treatment regimens adapted from pulmonary tuberculosis without consideration of the unique nature of TBM are among the potential drivers. This review focuses on the progress being made in relation to both diagnosis and treatment of TBM, emphasizing promising future directions.Recent findings: The molecular assay GeneXpert MTB/Rif Ultra has improved sensitivity but has inadequate negative predictive value to \"rule-out\" TBM. Evaluations of tests focused on the host response and bacterial components are ongoing. Clinical trials are in progress to explore the roles of rifampin, fluoroquinolones, linezolid, and adjunctive aspirin. Though diagnosis has improved, novel modalities are being explored to improve the rapid diagnosis of TBM. Multiple ongoing clinical trials may change current therapies for TBM in the near future.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":" ","pages":"379-393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10719136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72013876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatty Liver Disease: Enter the Metabolic Era. 脂肪肝：进入代谢时代。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00669-7

Kara Wegermann, Cynthia Moylan, Susanna Naggie

引用次数: 0

Awareness of Heightened Sexual and Behavioral Vulnerability as a Trigger for PrEP Resumption Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in East and Southern Africa. 东部和南部非洲的少女和年轻女性对性和行为脆弱性加剧的认识是恢复 PrEP 的触发因素。

IF 3.7 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00680-y

Krishnaveni Reddy, Thesla Palanee-Phillips, Renee Heffron

{"title":"Awareness of Heightened Sexual and Behavioral Vulnerability as a Trigger for PrEP Resumption Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in East and Southern Africa.","authors":"Krishnaveni Reddy, Thesla Palanee-Phillips, Renee Heffron","doi":"10.1007/s11904-023-00680-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-023-00680-y","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: East and Southern Africa are the epicenter of the HIV epidemic. High HIV incidence rates among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) remain stable over the last decade despite access to daily oral PrEP. Some settings have experienced high PrEP uptake among AGYW; however, discontinuation has been high. This review sought to understand drivers of PrEP discontinuation in this population in order to identify potential mechanisms to facilitate PrEP restart and optimize PrEP use.Recent findings: Drivers of PrEP discontinuation included low perceived HIV acquisition risk, PrEP-associated side effects, pill burden, family/sexual partner disapproval, lack of/intermittent sexual activity, PrEP use stigma, fear of intimate partner violence, misinformation about long-term PrEP use, and limited/inconsistent access to PrEP. The most frequently reported driver of PrEP discontinuation was low perceived HIV acquisition risk. This indicates that innovative interventions to help AGYW recognize their HIV risk and make informed decisions about PrEP use are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":" ","pages":"333-344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10719120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138486948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacological and Behavioral Interventions to Mitigate Premature Aging in Patients with HIV. 减轻HIV患者过早衰老的药理学和行为干预。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00677-7

Roxane Rohani, Jacob Malakismail, Emmanuel Njoku

引用次数: 0

Genomic Exploration of the Brain in People Infected with HIV-Recent Progress and the Road Ahead. HIV感染者大脑基因组学研究的最新进展和未来之路。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00675-9

Amara Plaza-Jennings, Schahram Akbarian

{"title":"Genomic Exploration of the Brain in People Infected with HIV-Recent Progress and the Road Ahead.","authors":"Amara Plaza-Jennings, Schahram Akbarian","doi":"10.1007/s11904-023-00675-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-023-00675-9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The adult human brain harbors billions of microglia and other myeloid and lymphoid cells highly susceptible to HIV infection and retroviral insertion into the nuclear DNA. HIV infection of the brain is important because the brain is a potentially large reservoir site that may be a barrier to HIV cure strategies and because infection can lead to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. To better understand both the central nervous system (CNS) reservoir and how it can cause neurologic dysfunction, novel genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches need to be employed. Several characteristics of the reservoir are important to learn, including where the virus integrates, whether integrated proviruses are intact or defective, whether integrated proviruses can be reactivated from a latent state to seed ongoing infection, and how this all impacts brain function.Recent findings: Here, we discuss similarities and differences of viral integration sites between brain and blood and discuss evidence for and against the hypothesis that in the absence of susceptible T-lymphocytes in the periphery, the virus housing in the infected brain is not able to sustain a systemic infection. Moreover, microglia from HIV + brains across a wide range of disease severity appear to share one type of common alteration, which is defined by downregulated expression, and repressive chromosomal compartmentalization, for microglial genes regulating synaptic connectivity. Therefore, viral infection of the brain, including in immunocompetent cases with near-normal levels of CD4 blood lymphocytes, could be associated with an early disruption in microglia-dependent neuronal support functions, contributing to cognitive and neurological deficits in people living with HIV.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":" ","pages":"357-367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10719125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72013877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mpox and HIV-Collision of Two Diseases. 麻疹和hiv两种疾病的碰撞。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00682-w

Jason Zucker, Aniruddha Hazra, Boghuma K Titanji

{"title":"Mpox and HIV-Collision of Two Diseases.","authors":"Jason Zucker, Aniruddha Hazra, Boghuma K Titanji","doi":"10.1007/s11904-023-00682-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-023-00682-w","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The global outbreak of mpox has brought renewed attention to a previously neglected disease which is particularly severe in people with underlying untreated HIV co-infection. For this population, the disease is progressive, severe, and often lethal. In this review, we examine the pathogenesis of mpox disease and its collision with co-existent HIV infection and discuss key considerations for management as well as emerging clinical dilemmas and areas for future research.Recent findings: Co-existent untreated HIV infection characterized by severe immunocompromise potentiates the nefarious effects of monkeypox virus infection leading to severe manifestations of mpox. Treating mpox in the context of HIV requires mpox-directed therapies, supportive care, and HIV-specific treatment to restore immune function. Preventative measures for PWH are like those in healthy individuals, but the effectiveness and durability of protection conferred by existing vaccines in PWH remain to be fully characterized. Mpox is an important opportunistic infection in PWH. Clinicians should be aware of the unique features of the disease in this population and approaches to care and management of mpox in PWH.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":" ","pages":"440-450"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138294820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges and Solutions to STI Control in the Era of HIV and STI Prophylaxis. 艾滋病毒和性传播感染预防时代性传播感染控制的挑战和解决方案。

IF 3.7 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00666-w

Felix Ong'era Mogaka, Jenell Stewart, Victor Omollo, Elizabeth Bukusi

{"title":"Challenges and Solutions to STI Control in the Era of HIV and STI Prophylaxis.","authors":"Felix Ong'era Mogaka, Jenell Stewart, Victor Omollo, Elizabeth Bukusi","doi":"10.1007/s11904-023-00666-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-023-00666-w","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This article reviews current efforts to control bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users and outlines the opportunities and challenges to controlling STIs within HIV PrEP programs.Recent findings: The incidence of STIs continues to rise globally especially among HIV PrEP users, with an estimated 1 in 4 PrEP users having a curable bacterial STI. STIs and HIV comprise a syndemic needing dual interventions. The majority of STIs are asymptomatic, and when testing is available, many STIs occur in extragenital sites that are missed when relying on urine testing or genital swabs. Optimal testing and treatment, including testing for antimicrobial resistance, pose difficulties in high income countries and is essentially non-existent in most low- and middle-income countries. Novel STI primary prevention strategies, like doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for STI prevention, have proven to be highly efficacious in some populations. A few jurisdictions have issued normative guidelines and position statements for doxycycline PEP; however, clinical standards for implementation and data on public health impact are limited. STI incidence rates are high and rising in sexually active populations. Sexual health programs should leverage the expansion of HIV PrEP delivery services to integrate STI testing, surveillance, and novel STI prevention services.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"20 5","pages":"312-319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41110387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated Care Models: HIV and Substance Use. 综合护理模式：艾滋病毒和药物使用。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00667-9

Katherine Hill, Irene Kuo, Sheela V Shenoi, Mahalia S Desruisseaux, Sandra A Springer

{"title":"Integrated Care Models: HIV and Substance Use.","authors":"Katherine Hill, Irene Kuo, Sheela V Shenoi, Mahalia S Desruisseaux, Sandra A Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11904-023-00667-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-023-00667-9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Behaviors and practices associated with substance use contribute to lack of HIV virologic suppression and onward transmission. In the USA, many recent HIV outbreaks have been connected with substance use. Evidence-based strategies for integrating care of those at risk for and living with HIV and who use substances continue to evolve. This review, based on scientific and medical literature through March 2023, provides an overview and evaluation of initiatives for integrated care aimed to serve patients at risk for and with HIV and a substance use disorder.Recent findings: Integrated care services can improve health outcomes for patients at risk for and with HIV and a substance use disorder; for instance, treatment for an opioid use disorder can help improve HIV viral suppression. Brick-and-mortar facilities can provide successful care integration with appropriate clinic leadership to support multidisciplinary care teams, up-to-date provider training, and sufficient pharmacy stock for substance use treatment. Delivering healthcare services to communities (e.g., mobile healthcare clinics and pharmacies, telehealth) may prove to be an effective way to provide integrated services for those with or at risk of HIV and substance use disorders. Incorporating technology (e.g., mobile phone applications) may facilitate integrated care. Other venues, including harm reduction programs and carceral settings, should be targets for integrated services. Venues providing healthcare should invest in integrated care and support legislation that increases access to services related to HIV and substance use.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":" ","pages":"286-295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11034717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10211699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0