Current HIV/AIDS Reports最新文献_第10页

Promise and Challenges of Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV. 检查点抑制剂疗法治疗艾滋病进行性多灶性白质脑病的前景与挑战。

IF 3.7 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00626-w

Sydney Corey, Bryan R Smith, Irene C M Cortese

{"title":"Promise and Challenges of Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV.","authors":"Sydney Corey, Bryan R Smith, Irene C M Cortese","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00626-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-022-00626-w","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe opportunistic infection that remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH). Immune checkpoint molecules are negative regulators of the immune response that have been targeted as a strategy to bolster anti-viral immunity in PML, with varied outcomes reported. While initiation and optimization of antiretroviral therapy remains the standard of care in HIV-related PML, the specific opportunities and risks for checkpoint blockade in these cases should be explored.Recent findings: As of April 15, 2022, only 5 of the 53 total published cases of PML treated with checkpoint blockade had underlying HIV infection; four of these had a favorable outcome. The risk of promoting immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is a major concern and underscores the importance of patient selection and monitoring. Checkpoint blockade warrants further exploration as a potentially promising option for treatment escalation in HIV-related PML.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"19 6","pages":"580-591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9759507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10631902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: a Global Overview. 自愿医疗男性包皮环切预防艾滋病毒:全球概况。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00632-y

Chen Zhang, Sten H Vermund

{"title":"Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: a Global Overview.","authors":"Chen Zhang, Sten H Vermund","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00632-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00632-y","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: With the promise of HIV prevention, there has been a scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in high HIV incidence/low circumcision prevalence nations worldwide. Nonetheless, debates over the implementation and the effectiveness and safety of the VMMC in real-world settings persist. We revisit the role of VMMC in HIV prevention to inform health professionals, policymakers, and advocates or opponents in this new era.Recent findings: There has been substantial progress on VMMC scale-up to date, but this has varied considerably by region. The evidence of solid and direct protection of VMMC is available for heterosexual men and older adolescent boys in sub-Saharan Africa. The protective effect in men who have sex with men is suggested by systematic reviews but is not confirmed by clinical trials. Sexual partners, including women, likely benefit indirectly from the increased VMMC coverage through a decreased risk of exposure to infected male partners. Fortunately, the preponderance of studies does not suggest higher sexual risk behaviors among circumcised men, so-called risk compensation. VMMC requires health systems strengthening and continued promulgation of other evidence-based HIV prevention strategies to be successful. Health authorities in high HIV incidence areas that have low circumcision coverage should implement VMMC within a context of complementary biomedical and behavioral prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"19 6","pages":"474-483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10633665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Developments in Neuroprotection for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). 艾滋病相关神经认知障碍 (HAND) 的神经保护进展。

IF 3.7 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00612-2

Dennis L Kolson

{"title":"Developments in Neuroprotection for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND).","authors":"Dennis L Kolson","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00612-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-022-00612-2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Reducing the risk of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is an elusive treatment goal for people living with HIV. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has reduced the prevalence of HIV-associated dementia, but milder, disabling HAND is an unmet challenge. As newer cART regimens that more consistently suppress central nervous system (CNS) HIV replication are developed, the testing of adjunctive neuroprotective therapies must accelerate.Recent findings: Successes in modifying cART regimens for CNS efficacy (penetrance, chemokine receptor targeting) and delivery (nanoformulations) in pilot studies suggest that improving cART neuroprotection and reducing HAND risk is achievable. Additionally, drugs currently used in neuroinflammatory, neuropsychiatric, and metabolic disorders show promise as adjuncts to cART, likely by broadly targeting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, aerobic metabolism, and/or neurotransmitter metabolism. Adjunctive cognitive brain therapy and aerobic exercise may provide additional efficacy. Adjunctive neuroprotective therapies, including available FDA-approved drugs, cognitive therapy, and aerobic exercise combined with improved cART offer plausible strategies for optimizing the prevention and treatment of HAND.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"19 5","pages":"344-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9305687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10586017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention: What Do We Know and Need to Know about the Risks and Consequences of Cabotegravir Resistance? 用于预防艾滋病的长效注射用卡博替拉韦（Cabotegravir）：我们对卡博特拉韦耐药性的风险和后果了解多少？

IF 3.7 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00616-y

Urvi M Parikh, Catherine A Koss, John W Mellors

{"title":"Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention: What Do We Know and Need to Know about the Risks and Consequences of Cabotegravir Resistance?","authors":"Urvi M Parikh, Catherine A Koss, John W Mellors","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00616-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-022-00616-y","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Cabotegravir is a potent integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) recently approved as a long-acting injectable formulation for HIV prevention (CAB-LA). We summarize what is known about cabotegravir pharmacokinetics, activity, and emergence of resistance from in vitro, macaque and clinical studies, and we evaluate the risk of resistance from CAB-LA with on-time injections and after CAB-LA discontinuation.Recent findings: The accumulation of multiple INSTI mutations is required for high-level cabotegravir resistance, and the same mutation combinations may cause cross-resistance to dolutegravir, which is widely used for first-line antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries. Though CAB-LA was highly effective in preventing HIV, breakthrough infections did occur in trials of CAB-LA despite on-time injections, resulting in selection of single and combinations of INSTI resistance mutations. As CAB-LA is scaled-up, prompt HIV diagnosis to prevent resistance, and resistance monitoring could help preserve the effectiveness of INSTIs for both HIV treatment and prevention.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"19 5","pages":"384-393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9508028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9403705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bone Quality in Relation to HIV and Antiretroviral Drugs. 骨质量与HIV和抗逆转录病毒药物的关系。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00613-1

Arnold Z Olali, Kelsey A Carpenter, Maria Myers, Anjali Sharma, Michael T Yin, Lena Al-Harthi, Ryan D Ross

{"title":"Bone Quality in Relation to HIV and Antiretroviral Drugs.","authors":"Arnold Z Olali, Kelsey A Carpenter, Maria Myers, Anjali Sharma, Michael T Yin, Lena Al-Harthi, Ryan D Ross","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00613-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00613-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for osteoporosis, a disease defined by the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone quality, both of which independently contribute to an increased risk of skeletal fractures. While there is an emerging body of literature focusing on the factors that contribute to BMD loss in PLWH, the contribution of these factors to bone quality changes are less understood. The current review summarizes and critically reviews the data describing the effects of HIV, HIV disease-related factors, and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on bone quality.Recent findings: The increased availability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography has confirmed that both HIV infection and ARVs negatively affect bone architecture. There is considerably less data on their effects on bone remodeling or the composition of bone matrix. Whether changes in bone quality independently predict fracture risk, as seen in HIV-uninfected populations, is largely unknown. The available data suggests that bone quality deterioration occurs in PLWH. Future studies are needed to define which factors, viral or ARVs, contribute to loss of bone quality and which bone quality factors are most associated with increased fracture risk.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"19 5","pages":"312-327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10309294/pdf/nihms-1910072.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9756031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Examining the Use of HIV Self-Testing to Support PrEP Delivery: a Systematic Literature Review. 检查使用艾滋病毒自我检测来支持PrEP的提供:系统的文献综述。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00617-x

Catherine Kiptinness, Alexandra P Kuo, Adriana M Reedy, Cheryl C Johnson, Kenneth Ngure, Anjuli D Wagner, Katrina F Ortblad

{"title":"Examining the Use of HIV Self-Testing to Support PrEP Delivery: a Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Catherine Kiptinness, Alexandra P Kuo, Adriana M Reedy, Cheryl C Johnson, Kenneth Ngure, Anjuli D Wagner, Katrina F Ortblad","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00617-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00617-x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: HIV self-testing (HIVST) has the potential to expand access to and uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery. We conducted a systematic literature review to understand the evidence on HIVST use for PrEP delivery.Recent findings: After screening 1055 records, we included eight: three randomized trials and five values and preferences studies. None measured PrEP initiation. Most studies occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa (7/8) and included different populations. One trial found that HIVST use between quarterly clinic visits as part of an adherence package with biofeedback slightly increased adherence; the other two trials found that HIVST use between or in lieu of quarterly clinic visits had no significant or non-inferior effects on adherence. HIVST to support PrEP delivery was acceptable, feasible, and preferred. HIVST use for PrEP continuation largely resulted in similar outcomes to standard-of-care delivery and was perceived acceptable and feasible. Further research is needed to optimize HIVST use within PrEP programming.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"19 5","pages":"394-408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10127359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

HIV Testing Uptake According to Opt-In, Opt-Out or Risk-Based Testing Approaches: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 根据选择加入、选择退出或基于风险的检测方法进行艾滋病毒检测:系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00614-0

Qi Rui Soh, Leon Y J Oh, Eric P F Chow, Cheryl C Johnson, Muhammad S Jamil, Jason J Ong

{"title":"HIV Testing Uptake According to Opt-In, Opt-Out or Risk-Based Testing Approaches: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Qi Rui Soh, Leon Y J Oh, Eric P F Chow, Cheryl C Johnson, Muhammad S Jamil, Jason J Ong","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00614-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00614-0","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Improving HIV testing uptake is essential to ending the HIV pandemic. HIV testing approaches can be opt-in, opt-out or risk-based. This systematic review examines and compares the uptake of HIV testing in opt-in, opt-out and risk-based testing approaches.Recent findings: There remain missed opportunities for HIV testing in a variety of settings using different approaches: opt-in (a person actively accepts to be tested for HIV), opt-out (a person is informed that HIV testing is routine/standard of care, and they actively decline if they do not wish to be tested for HIV) or risk-based (using risk-based screening tools to focus testing on certain individuals or sub-populations at greater risk of HIV). It is not clear how the approach could impact HIV test uptake when adjusted for other factors (e.g. rapid testing, country-income level, test setting and population tested). We searched four databases for studies reporting on HIV test uptake. In total, 18,238 records were screened, and 150 studies were included in the review. Most studies described an opt-in approach (87 estimates), followed by opt-out (76) and risk-based (19). Opt-out testing was associated with 64.3% test uptake (I2 = 99.9%), opt-in testing with 59.8% (I2 = 99.9%) and risk-based testing with 54.4% (I2 = 99.9%). When adjusted for settings that offered rapid testing, country income level, setting and population tested, opt-out testing had a significantly higher uptake (+ 12% (95% confidence intervals: 3-21), p = 0.007) than opt-in testing. We also found that emergency department patients and hospital outpatients had significantly lower HIV test uptake than other populations.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"19 5","pages":"375-383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9508204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10409792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Overcoming Vaccine Hesitancy for Future COVID-19 and HIV Vaccines: Lessons from Measles and HPV Vaccines. 克服对未来COVID-19和艾滋病毒疫苗的疫苗犹豫:麻疹和HPV疫苗的经验教训。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00622-0

Obianuju G Aguolu, Amyn A Malik, Noureen Ahmed, Saad B Omer

{"title":"Overcoming Vaccine Hesitancy for Future COVID-19 and HIV Vaccines: Lessons from Measles and HPV Vaccines.","authors":"Obianuju G Aguolu, Amyn A Malik, Noureen Ahmed, Saad B Omer","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00622-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00622-0","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The discovery of vaccines significantly reduced morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases and led to the elimination and eradication of some. Development of safe and effective vaccines is a critical step to the control of infectious diseases; however, there is the need to address vaccine hesitancy because of its potential impact on vaccine uptake.Methods: We conducted a narrative review of studies on interventions to address measles and human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy. We discussed how lessons learned from these studies could be applied towards COVID-19 and future human immunodeficiency virus vaccines.Results: We found that there are several successful approaches to improving vaccine acceptance. Interventions should be context specific and build on the challenges highlighted in various settings.Conclusion: Strategies could be used alone or in combination with others. The most successful interventions directly targeted the population for vaccination. Use of financial incentives could be a potential tool to improve vaccine uptake.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":"19 5","pages":"328-343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9483354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9537068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Running with Scissors: a Systematic Review of Substance Use and the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Care Continuum Among Sexual Minority Men 用剪刀跑步：对性少数群体男性物质使用和暴露前预防护理持续性的系统评价

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00608-y

M. Viamonte, Delaram Ghanooni, John M Reynolds, C. Grov, A. Carrico

引用次数: 7

Interventions Designed to Improve HIV Continuum of Care Outcomes for Persons with HIV in Contact with the Carceral System in the USA 干预措施旨在改善与美国监狱系统接触的艾滋病毒感染者的艾滋病毒连续护理结果

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00609-x

Emily F. Dauria, P. Kulkarni, A. Clemenzi-allen, L. Brinkley-Rubinstein, C. Beckwith

引用次数: 2