Current HIV/AIDS Reports最新文献_第9页

Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: a Global Overview. 自愿医疗男性包皮环切预防艾滋病毒:全球概况。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00632-y

Chen Zhang, Sten H Vermund

{"title":"Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: a Global Overview.","authors":"Chen Zhang, Sten H Vermund","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00632-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00632-y","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: With the promise of HIV prevention, there has been a scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in high HIV incidence/low circumcision prevalence nations worldwide. Nonetheless, debates over the implementation and the effectiveness and safety of the VMMC in real-world settings persist. We revisit the role of VMMC in HIV prevention to inform health professionals, policymakers, and advocates or opponents in this new era.Recent findings: There has been substantial progress on VMMC scale-up to date, but this has varied considerably by region. The evidence of solid and direct protection of VMMC is available for heterosexual men and older adolescent boys in sub-Saharan Africa. The protective effect in men who have sex with men is suggested by systematic reviews but is not confirmed by clinical trials. Sexual partners, including women, likely benefit indirectly from the increased VMMC coverage through a decreased risk of exposure to infected male partners. Fortunately, the preponderance of studies does not suggest higher sexual risk behaviors among circumcised men, so-called risk compensation. VMMC requires health systems strengthening and continued promulgation of other evidence-based HIV prevention strategies to be successful. Health authorities in high HIV incidence areas that have low circumcision coverage should implement VMMC within a context of complementary biomedical and behavioral prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10633665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Promise and Challenges of Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV. 检查点抑制剂疗法治疗艾滋病进行性多灶性白质脑病的前景与挑战。

IF 3.7 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00626-w

Sydney Corey, Bryan R Smith, Irene C M Cortese

{"title":"Promise and Challenges of Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV.","authors":"Sydney Corey, Bryan R Smith, Irene C M Cortese","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00626-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-022-00626-w","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe opportunistic infection that remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH). Immune checkpoint molecules are negative regulators of the immune response that have been targeted as a strategy to bolster anti-viral immunity in PML, with varied outcomes reported. While initiation and optimization of antiretroviral therapy remains the standard of care in HIV-related PML, the specific opportunities and risks for checkpoint blockade in these cases should be explored.Recent findings: As of April 15, 2022, only 5 of the 53 total published cases of PML treated with checkpoint blockade had underlying HIV infection; four of these had a favorable outcome. The risk of promoting immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is a major concern and underscores the importance of patient selection and monitoring. Checkpoint blockade warrants further exploration as a potentially promising option for treatment escalation in HIV-related PML.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9759507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10631902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ectopic Fat and Cardiac Health in People with HIV: Serious as a Heart Attack. HIV患者的异位脂肪和心脏健康:与心脏病一样严重。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00620-2

Ana N Hyatt, Jordan E Lake

引用次数: 0

Developments in Neuroprotection for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). 艾滋病相关神经认知障碍 (HAND) 的神经保护进展。

IF 3.7 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00612-2

Dennis L Kolson

{"title":"Developments in Neuroprotection for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND).","authors":"Dennis L Kolson","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00612-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-022-00612-2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Reducing the risk of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is an elusive treatment goal for people living with HIV. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has reduced the prevalence of HIV-associated dementia, but milder, disabling HAND is an unmet challenge. As newer cART regimens that more consistently suppress central nervous system (CNS) HIV replication are developed, the testing of adjunctive neuroprotective therapies must accelerate.Recent findings: Successes in modifying cART regimens for CNS efficacy (penetrance, chemokine receptor targeting) and delivery (nanoformulations) in pilot studies suggest that improving cART neuroprotection and reducing HAND risk is achievable. Additionally, drugs currently used in neuroinflammatory, neuropsychiatric, and metabolic disorders show promise as adjuncts to cART, likely by broadly targeting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, aerobic metabolism, and/or neurotransmitter metabolism. Adjunctive cognitive brain therapy and aerobic exercise may provide additional efficacy. Adjunctive neuroprotective therapies, including available FDA-approved drugs, cognitive therapy, and aerobic exercise combined with improved cART offer plausible strategies for optimizing the prevention and treatment of HAND.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9305687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10586017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV Prevention Tools Across the Pregnancy Continuum: What Works, What Does Not, and What Can We Do Differently? 妊娠期艾滋病预防工具：哪些有效，哪些无效，我们可以采取哪些不同措施？

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00621-1

Melissa Latigo Mugambi, Jillian Pintye, Renee Heffron, Ruanne Vanessa Barnabas, Grace John-Stewart

{"title":"HIV Prevention Tools Across the Pregnancy Continuum: What Works, What Does Not, and What Can We Do Differently?","authors":"Melissa Latigo Mugambi, Jillian Pintye, Renee Heffron, Ruanne Vanessa Barnabas, Grace John-Stewart","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00621-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-022-00621-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Multiple tools exist to support the primary prevention of HIV in pregnant and postpartum women; however, there are opportunities to enhance their use and impact. This review summarizes the current status of HIV prevention tools and existing gaps and opportunities to improve their use along the pregnancy care continuum.Recent findings: HIV screening efforts have steadily improved with close to universal screening of pregnant women in several East and Southern African countries. Strategies to implement partner testing through the distribution of HIV self-test kits are promising though linkage to care remains challenging. Syphilis screening rates are increasing though detection of other sexually transmitted infections could benefit from improved diagnostic capacity. Male and female condoms are rarely used and are often not the optimal tool of choice during pregnancy. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising tool, although barriers such as the need for daily adherence, side effects, and stigma may limit its use. There is a growing pipeline of PrEP agents with alternative delivery platforms that might suit women's preferences better and supports the notion that choice is vital to improving HIV prevention coverage during the pregnancy-postpartum continuum. Clear guidance on which tools to use and how to use them, safety data supporting their use, and surveillance data documenting the scale and effectiveness of the tools will be imperative in establishing a path to more impactful prevention efforts among pregnant and postpartum women.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9717592/pdf/nihms-1849291.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40721759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention: What Do We Know and Need to Know about the Risks and Consequences of Cabotegravir Resistance? 用于预防艾滋病的长效注射用卡博替拉韦（Cabotegravir）：我们对卡博特拉韦耐药性的风险和后果了解多少？

IF 3.7 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00616-y

Urvi M Parikh, Catherine A Koss, John W Mellors

{"title":"Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention: What Do We Know and Need to Know about the Risks and Consequences of Cabotegravir Resistance?","authors":"Urvi M Parikh, Catherine A Koss, John W Mellors","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00616-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-022-00616-y","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Cabotegravir is a potent integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) recently approved as a long-acting injectable formulation for HIV prevention (CAB-LA). We summarize what is known about cabotegravir pharmacokinetics, activity, and emergence of resistance from in vitro, macaque and clinical studies, and we evaluate the risk of resistance from CAB-LA with on-time injections and after CAB-LA discontinuation.Recent findings: The accumulation of multiple INSTI mutations is required for high-level cabotegravir resistance, and the same mutation combinations may cause cross-resistance to dolutegravir, which is widely used for first-line antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries. Though CAB-LA was highly effective in preventing HIV, breakthrough infections did occur in trials of CAB-LA despite on-time injections, resulting in selection of single and combinations of INSTI resistance mutations. As CAB-LA is scaled-up, prompt HIV diagnosis to prevent resistance, and resistance monitoring could help preserve the effectiveness of INSTIs for both HIV treatment and prevention.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9508028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9403705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using Behavioral Economics to Support PrEP Adherence for HIV Prevention. 使用行为经济学支持坚持PrEP预防艾滋病毒。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00624-y

Unmesha Roy Paladhi, David A Katz, Carey Farquhar, Harsha Thirumurthy

{"title":"Using Behavioral Economics to Support PrEP Adherence for HIV Prevention.","authors":"Unmesha Roy Paladhi, David A Katz, Carey Farquhar, Harsha Thirumurthy","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00624-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00624-y","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: We explored different behavioral economics (BE) mechanisms through which pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation and adherence could be impacted and examined recent work using BE principles to further HIV prevention efforts. We also generated new intervention ideas based on existing HIV testing and ART adherence literature.Recent findings: There is limited work that uses BE principles to design interventions to increase PrEP initiation and adherence, mostly involving financial incentives. The recent works highlighted involve financial incentives and demonstrate that key populations are open to accepting monetary incentives to increase PrEP initiation and improve adherence. However, there are mixed results on the long-term impacts of using incentives to modify behavior. While there are a few ongoing studies that utilize BE principles to increase PrEP use, there is need to develop studies that test these concepts, to promote PrEP initiation and adherence. We suggest methods of exploring non-incentives-based ideas to increase PrEP use in key populations.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9428871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40333555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bone Quality in Relation to HIV and Antiretroviral Drugs. 骨质量与HIV和抗逆转录病毒药物的关系。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00613-1

Arnold Z Olali, Kelsey A Carpenter, Maria Myers, Anjali Sharma, Michael T Yin, Lena Al-Harthi, Ryan D Ross

{"title":"Bone Quality in Relation to HIV and Antiretroviral Drugs.","authors":"Arnold Z Olali, Kelsey A Carpenter, Maria Myers, Anjali Sharma, Michael T Yin, Lena Al-Harthi, Ryan D Ross","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00613-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00613-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for osteoporosis, a disease defined by the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone quality, both of which independently contribute to an increased risk of skeletal fractures. While there is an emerging body of literature focusing on the factors that contribute to BMD loss in PLWH, the contribution of these factors to bone quality changes are less understood. The current review summarizes and critically reviews the data describing the effects of HIV, HIV disease-related factors, and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on bone quality.Recent findings: The increased availability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography has confirmed that both HIV infection and ARVs negatively affect bone architecture. There is considerably less data on their effects on bone remodeling or the composition of bone matrix. Whether changes in bone quality independently predict fracture risk, as seen in HIV-uninfected populations, is largely unknown. The available data suggests that bone quality deterioration occurs in PLWH. Future studies are needed to define which factors, viral or ARVs, contribute to loss of bone quality and which bone quality factors are most associated with increased fracture risk.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10309294/pdf/nihms-1910072.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9756031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Examining the Use of HIV Self-Testing to Support PrEP Delivery: a Systematic Literature Review. 检查使用艾滋病毒自我检测来支持PrEP的提供:系统的文献综述。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00617-x

Catherine Kiptinness, Alexandra P Kuo, Adriana M Reedy, Cheryl C Johnson, Kenneth Ngure, Anjuli D Wagner, Katrina F Ortblad

{"title":"Examining the Use of HIV Self-Testing to Support PrEP Delivery: a Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Catherine Kiptinness, Alexandra P Kuo, Adriana M Reedy, Cheryl C Johnson, Kenneth Ngure, Anjuli D Wagner, Katrina F Ortblad","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00617-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00617-x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: HIV self-testing (HIVST) has the potential to expand access to and uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery. We conducted a systematic literature review to understand the evidence on HIVST use for PrEP delivery.Recent findings: After screening 1055 records, we included eight: three randomized trials and five values and preferences studies. None measured PrEP initiation. Most studies occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa (7/8) and included different populations. One trial found that HIVST use between quarterly clinic visits as part of an adherence package with biofeedback slightly increased adherence; the other two trials found that HIVST use between or in lieu of quarterly clinic visits had no significant or non-inferior effects on adherence. HIVST to support PrEP delivery was acceptable, feasible, and preferred. HIVST use for PrEP continuation largely resulted in similar outcomes to standard-of-care delivery and was perceived acceptable and feasible. Further research is needed to optimize HIVST use within PrEP programming.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10127359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Ingestible Electronic Sensors for Monitoring Real-time Adherence to HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Antiretroviral Therapy. 用于实时监测HIV暴露前预防和抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性的可摄入电子传感器。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00625-x

Georgia R Goodman, Clint Vaz, Hannah Albrechta, Edward W Boyer, Kenneth H Mayer, Conall O'Cleirigh, Peter R Chai

{"title":"Ingestible Electronic Sensors for Monitoring Real-time Adherence to HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Antiretroviral Therapy.","authors":"Georgia R Goodman, Clint Vaz, Hannah Albrechta, Edward W Boyer, Kenneth H Mayer, Conall O'Cleirigh, Peter R Chai","doi":"10.1007/s11904-022-00625-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11904-022-00625-x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review summarizes the recent advancements and future directions of digital pill systems (DPS) - which utilize ingestible sensors to directly measure medication ingestion events in real-time - in the context of HIV prevention and treatment.Recent findings: Two DPS are cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration. The bioequivalence and stability of digitized pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been established, and pilot studies have demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of using DPS for PrEP and ART adherence measurement. Important bioethical and implementation considerations have been identified for future clinical trials. Continued technological advancement may reduce barriers to use, and integration of DPS into behavioral interventions may facilitate adherence improvement efforts. DPS represent an innovative tool for PrEP and ART adherence measurement. Future work will optimize the technology to reduce operational barriers. DPS have significant potential for expansion across a diverse array of diseases, though key bioethical considerations must be examined prior to large-scale implementation.","PeriodicalId":10930,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV/AIDS Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9509467/pdf/nihms-1833905.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40336975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1