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Skin models for studying vector-borne kinetoplastid infections 研究媒介传播的着丝体感染的皮肤模型
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102617
Laura Hauf , Markus Engstler
{"title":"Skin models for studying vector-borne kinetoplastid infections","authors":"Laura Hauf ,&nbsp;Markus Engstler","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kinetoplastid infections, caused by <em>Leishmania</em> and <em>Trypanosoma</em> species, pose significant global health challenges, disproportionally affecting vulnerable populations in tropical regions. Despite the skin’s pivotal role as both an entry point and a reservoir for these parasites, the mechanistic understanding of host–parasite interactions at this interface remains limited.</div><div>Recent advancements in bioengineered skin models, such as full thickness skin equivalents and skin organoids, provide a promising complement to <em>in vivo</em> and <em>ex vivo</em> models. These <em>in vitro</em> systems address key challenges related to accessibility, reproducibility, and anatomical relevance, while potentially incorporating key tissue components, including immune cells and vascular structures. By replicating the complex structure of human skin at customizable levels of complexity, they offer powerful platforms for high-resolution studies of parasite–host interactions. Furthermore, by supporting natural vector transmission and enabling the simulation of diverse biological conditions, these systems open new avenues for investigating parasite development, tissue invasion, dissemination and immune dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102617"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cell cycle regulation in Escherichia coli: from governing principles, checkpoints, and control variables to molecular mechanisms 大肠杆菌的细胞周期调控：从控制原则、检查点和控制变量到分子机制
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102616
Alix Meunier, Sander K Govers
{"title":"Cell cycle regulation in Escherichia coli: from governing principles, checkpoints, and control variables to molecular mechanisms","authors":"Alix Meunier,&nbsp;Sander K Govers","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All cells share the basic challenge of integrating the various processes that ensure their faithful replication. In most bacteria, this occurs without the dedicated regulatory machinery and additional layers of internal organization seen in eukaryotic cells. Despite this apparent reduction in complexity, bacterial replication is remarkably faithful and can be exceptionally fast. While spatiotemporal regulation of cell cycle processes is crucial for such efficient and reliable proliferation, many aspects of this currently remain elusive in bacteria. In this review, we focus on the cell cycle regulation of <em>Escherichia coli</em>, one of the best-studied bacterial models. We highlight how large-scale quantitative phenomenological studies have leveraged cellular variability to identify governing principles of cell cycle control in recent years. We discuss how these principles constrain the ongoing search for molecular mechanisms, examine the limitations of various approaches, and compare contradicting models and proposed molecular mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102616"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The importance of persistence and dormancy in Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease 克氏锥虫感染和恰加斯病持续和休眠的重要性
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102615
Molly E Bunkofske , Fernando J Sanchez-Valdez , Rick L Tarleton
{"title":"The importance of persistence and dormancy in Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease","authors":"Molly E Bunkofske ,&nbsp;Fernando J Sanchez-Valdez ,&nbsp;Rick L Tarleton","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> typically establishes a life-long infection in its mammalian hosts, causing the destruction of muscle tissues and ultimately resulting in potentially fatal Chagas disease. In this review, we consider the array of avoidance mechanisms that allow for <em>T. cruzi</em> persistence, many of which are unconventional among protozoan pathogens but which collectively are highly effective in the face of otherwise potent host immune responses. We also reflect on the phenomenon of dormancy in <em>T. cruzi</em> amastigotes, which is likely not involved in the long-term persistence of infection. Lastly, we consider how these phenomena of persistence and dormancy complicate the effectiveness of potential therapeutic interventions to prevent Chagas disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102615"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Organizing organelles: bacterial strategies for localizing intracellular compartments 组织细胞器：细菌定位细胞内区室的策略
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102614
Yein Ra, Arash Komeili
{"title":"Organizing organelles: bacterial strategies for localizing intracellular compartments","authors":"Yein Ra,&nbsp;Arash Komeili","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria contain multiple subcellular compartments that enable a variety of biochemical activities and behaviors. In many cases, the organization of these organelles is not random and is directly linked to their function. In the last decade, mechanistic studies have uncovered the machinery responsible for organelle positioning in some bacterial systems. Here, we review several such positioning systems with an emphasis on two arrangement patterns and the molecular mechanisms used to achieve them. We start with carboxysomes as an illustration of how a ParA/MinD ATPase system is used to equally distribute organelles in a cell. We follow with an example of an actin-like cytoskeletal system that links lipid-bounded magnetosome organelles into a continuous chain. We finally explore emerging models of bacterial organelle positioning and conclude with an outlook on the future opportunities in the study of bacterial organelle cell biology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102614"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A solution to the postantibiotic era: phages as precision medicine 后抗生素时代的解决方案：噬菌体作为精准医学
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102613
Landon J Getz , Pramalkumar H Patel , Karen L Maxwell
{"title":"A solution to the postantibiotic era: phages as precision medicine","authors":"Landon J Getz ,&nbsp;Pramalkumar H Patel ,&nbsp;Karen L Maxwell","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections pose a significant global health challenge. Phage therapy provides a promising alternative to antibiotics that enables the specific targeting of pathogenic bacteria while preserving the healthy microbiome. Recent advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence have rekindled interest in phage therapy, as they move phages into the realm of precision medicine. Engineered phages can be customized to have a broader host range, encode counter-defenses that overcome bacterial immune systems, or express other proteins that modulate the bacterial host to their advantage. Innovations in artificial intelligence and machine learning promise to speed up the identification of optimal phage candidates and create tailored cocktails for individualized therapies — advances that will transform phage therapy and provide a solution to the antibiotic resistance crisis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102613"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunometabolism shapes chronic Staphylococcus aureus infection: insights from biofilm infection models 免疫代谢形成慢性金黄色葡萄球菌感染：从生物膜感染模型的见解
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102612
Adedayo E Ogunware, Tammy Kielian
{"title":"Immunometabolism shapes chronic Staphylococcus aureus infection: insights from biofilm infection models","authors":"Adedayo E Ogunware,&nbsp;Tammy Kielian","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> is both a commensal bacterium and versatile pathogen, capable of transitioning from a benign colonizer to cause invasive disease. Its ability to form biofilm — a resilient, highly structured bacterial community — plays a key role in chronic infections, including those associated with medical implants and native tissues. The unique microenvironments of these biofilm niches create challenges for the host immune system, complicating pathogen clearance. Immunometabolism, the interplay between immune function and metabolic programming, plays a crucial role in dictating how the host combats <em>S. aureus</em> biofilms. Leukocytes undergo profound metabolic changes in response to biofilm, which can lead to dysregulated immune responses and persistent infection. This review explores recent insights defining the metabolic landscape of immune responses to <em>S. aureus</em> biofilm with a focus on two clinically relevant models, namely, craniotomy and prosthetic joint infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102612"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dividing lines: compartmentalisation and division in Streptomyces 分界线：链霉菌的区隔化和分裂
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102611
Matthew J Bush , Bastien Casu , Susan Schlimpert
{"title":"Dividing lines: compartmentalisation and division in Streptomyces","authors":"Matthew J Bush ,&nbsp;Bastien Casu ,&nbsp;Susan Schlimpert","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria display diverse strategies for cell division, exemplified by the multicellular life cycle of <em>Streptomyces</em>, a genus within the Actinomycetota phylum. Filamentous growing <em>Streptomyces</em> utilise two distinct division modes: during vegetative growth, nonconstricting cross-walls divide the mycelial network into long multinucleate compartments, while during reproductive growth, sporulation septation results in a ‘multiple division event’ that produces dozens of unigenomic spores that can separate and disperse in the environment.</div><div>The cellular mechanisms governing these two types of cell division in <em>Streptomyces</em> are inherently complex and present specific biological challenges that involve core cell division proteins and several genus-specific factors. This review highlights recent advances and open questions in our understanding of <em>Streptomyces</em> cell biology, with a focus on key cell division components and the interplay of the chromosome with the division machinery, enabling these organisms to grow as multicellular filaments and form unicellular spores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102611"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moving beyond discovery science to a mechanistic understanding of human malaria 从发现科学到对人类疟疾的机械理解
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102610
Philip J Spence , Wiebke Nahrendorf , Florian A Bach
{"title":"Moving beyond discovery science to a mechanistic understanding of human malaria","authors":"Philip J Spence ,&nbsp;Wiebke Nahrendorf ,&nbsp;Florian A Bach","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We’ve had more than a hundred years of discovery-based human malaria research that has made steady progress in observing disease processes (such as sequestration and vascular occlusion) as well as potential mechanisms of immunity. These observations now take centre stage as we enter an era of mass vaccination that will alter the natural history and epidemiology of malaria. We will need to understand how to protect individuals from breakthrough infections and populations from a shift in the mean age of exposure. It is therefore paramount that we start to directly test our long-standing hypotheses about the causes of disease and the pathways to protection. This is now made possible by improvements to complex cellular model systems as well as a sea-change in our attitude towards human intervention studies. Mechanistic insight is therefore no longer limited to animal models, which are always imperfect, but can be achieved in people and <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102610"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-chain fatty acids as nutrients for Gram-negative bacteria: stress, proliferation, and virulence 长链脂肪酸作为革兰氏阴性菌的营养物质：应激、增殖和毒力
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102609
Megha Shrivastava , Deeptodeep Roy , Rachna Chaba
{"title":"Long-chain fatty acids as nutrients for Gram-negative bacteria: stress, proliferation, and virulence","authors":"Megha Shrivastava ,&nbsp;Deeptodeep Roy ,&nbsp;Rachna Chaba","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria use host-derived long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) as nutrients, signals, and membrane building blocks. Although the impact of LCFAs on the pathogenesis of Gram-negative bacteria via membrane remodeling or signaling is well-documented, their importance as a nutrient source for bacterial proliferation and virulence is an emerging research area with definitive studies reported only for <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium, <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Moreover, recent studies in <em>Escherichia coli</em> have shown that LCFA degradation confers redox stress. Here, we review the known role of LCFAs as nutrients during infection in Gram-negative human pathogens and the association of LCFA degradation with redox stress and stress response mechanisms. We suggest that for understanding how, as nutrients, LCFAs influence host–bacterial interactions, it is necessary to resolve whether LCFA utilization also causes redox stress in pathogens, with defense mechanisms preconditioning them for challenging host environments, or if pathogens have pre-existing mechanisms that prevent LCFA-induced stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102609"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pathogen adaptation to lung metabolites 病原体对肺部代谢物的适应
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102608
Gaurav Kumar Lohia, Sebastián A Riquelme
{"title":"Pathogen adaptation to lung metabolites","authors":"Gaurav Kumar Lohia,&nbsp;Sebastián A Riquelme","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2025.102608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Opportunistic pathogens like <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> rapidly adapt to the dynamic metabolic landscape of the respiratory mucosa during infection. Host phagocytes recognize these pathogens and trigger metabolic reprogramming, releasing immunometabolites such as succinate and itaconate. <em>P. aeruginosa</em> preferentially consumes succinate as a carbon source to enhance planktonic growth. In response to itaconate-induced membrane stress, it forms protective biofilms, allowing bacterial survival despite host defenses. Additionally, host ketone bodies support microbial communities that are less immunostimulatory and better tolerated by the lung. Similarly, <em>S. aureus</em> responds to itaconate by forming biofilms, aiding colonization in glucose-limited airways. In this milieu, <em>S. aureus</em> consumes proline, linking its survival with the metabolic activity of proline-producing fibroblasts. Here, we will review the competence of both <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> to hijack host metabolic pathways, underscoring pathogen metabolic plasticity as an essential strategy to thrive in the human lung.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102608"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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