Critical Reviews in Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"The tradeoff between the efficacy of calcineurin inhibitors: prevention of allograft rejection vs. post-transplant renal and cardiovascular complications.","authors":"Kalpanarani Dash, Monalisa Mishra","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2433631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2024.2433631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid organ transplantation has emerged as a crucial intervention in the field of medicine. During transplantation, our human body perceives the organ as an exogenous entity or graft, initiating an immune reaction to eliminate it. This immune response ultimately culminates in the rejection of the graft. So, to mitigate the possibility of graft rejection, implementing immune suppression is imperative. In this context, the utilization of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) assumes a pivotal role. Calcineurin inhibitors significantly preserve immunosuppression following solid organ transplantation. Calcineurin inhibitors have considerably improved short-term results in renal transplantation by reducing acute rejection rates. Concerning the limited therapeutic window of these medications, careful monitoring of pharmacological treatment and individual doses is required. However, a significant number of patients do experience CNI toxicity. Side effects of CNIs include renal failure, hypertension, respiratory disorders, gastrointestinal damage, gingivitis, and so on. Higher trough level of the drug causes acute nephrotoxicity, which is of three types: functional toxicity, tubular toxicity, and vascular toxicity. Acute nephrotoxicity, if untreated, leads to irreversible, progressive deterioration of allograft function, leading to chronic nephrotoxicity. Cardiovascular toxicity of CNIs includes atrial hypertension caused by vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole, vascular remodeling, hypertrophy, dyslipidemia, and also the onset of diabetes. Such clinical complications further affect the patient's survivability and subjective well-being, possibly leading to graft loss. This review focuses on the most severe side effects of CNIs: renal and cardiovascular toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A weight of evidence review on the mode of action, adversity, and the human relevance of xylene's observed thyroid effects in rats.","authors":"Keith Morris-Schaffer, Larry Higgins, Neslihan Aygun Kocabas, Frank Faulhammer, Alexandra Cordova, Elaine Freeman, Hennicke Kamp, Muna Nahar, Emily Richmond, Martijn Rooseboom","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2422890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2024.2422890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xylene substances have wide industrial and consumer uses and are currently undergoing dossier and substance evaluation under Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) for further toxicological testing including consideration of an additional neurotoxicological testing cohort to an extended one-generation reproduction toxicity (EOGRT) study. New repeated dose study data on xylenes identify the thyroid as a potential target tissue, and therefore a weight of evidence review is provided to investigate whether or not xylene-mediated changes on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis are secondary to liver enzymatic induction and are of a magnitude that is relevant for neurological human health concerns. Multiple published studies confirm xylene-mediated increases in liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, and liver enzymatic induction <i>via</i> the oral or inhalation routes, including an increase in uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GT) activity, the key step in thyroid hormone metabolism in rodents. Only minimal to slight increases in thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy have been observed in some xylene repeated dose studies, with no associated robust or consistent perturbance of thyroid hormone changes across the studies or carried through to offspring indicating adaptive homeostatic maintenance of the HPT axis. Also importantly, <i>in vitro</i> human cell line data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Toxicity Forecasting (ToxCast) provides supporting evidence of xylene's inability to directly perturb thyroidal functionality. A further supplemental in-depth metabolomics analysis (MetaMap^®Tox) of xylene showed a tentative match to compounds that also demonstrate extra-thyroidal effects on the HPT axis as a consequence of liver enzyme induction. Lastly, the slight HPT axis changes mediated by xylene were well-below the published literature thresholds for developmental neurotoxicological outcomes established for thyroidal changes in animals and humans. In summary, the data and various lines of scientific evidence presented herein individually and collectively demonstrate that xylene's mediated changes in the HPT axis, <i>via</i> a secondary extra-thyroidal MOA (i.e. liver enzyme induction), do not raise a human health concern with regards to developmental neurotoxicity. As such, the available toxicological data do not support the classification of xylene as a known or suspected endocrine disruptor, specifically through the thyroid modality, per Regulations Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/707 of 19 December 2022 amending Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and do not support the need for a neurotoxicological cohort evaluation in any subsequent EOGRTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use and limitations of clinical data in the identification and classification of low molecular weight chemicals (LMWCs) as respiratory sensitizers: recommendations for improvement.","authors":"Julia Scheel, Nora L Krutz, Ramya Rajagopal, Nikaeta Sadekar, Stuart Hindle, Christina Hickey, Clive Campbell, Phil Botham","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2433222","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2433222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While progress has been made in recent years, there are still no suitable and accepted <i>in silico</i>, <i>in vitro,</i> or <i>in vivo</i> models that can be used to accurately predict whether a chemical substance has the intrinsic property to cause immune-mediated chemical respiratory allergy, typically manifested as allergic asthma or allergic rhinitis which represents a severe health hazard. Regulatory authorities have relied primarily on clinical evidence (case reports, clinical databases, worker exposure studies) to classify substances as respiratory sensitizers, but this evidence can lack a proven immunological mechanism which is necessary to identify substances which can cause life-long sensitization and clinically relevant allergic symptoms in the respiratory tract in an exposed population (such respiratory allergens may be considered as \"true\" sensitizers, in analogy to the definition of skin sensitization, and in contrast to respiratory irritants). In light of this, the European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals convened a Task Force to evaluate the types of clinical methods and data sources and the implications of relying on such data for regulatory decision making from a scientific perspective. Recognizing that there are benefits and important insights from using such data, significant shortcomings were identified. With clinical work being focused on treatment and diagnosis of individual patients, the approaches and methods used for clinical guidance, diagnostics and reporting have serious limitations in proving the respiratory sensitization potential of a specific chemical, definitely restricting their suitability in deriving legally binding hazard classifications for human health protection. Even within the current broader regulatory definition of respiratory sensitization, a robust assessment and sound evidence of causation by a specific chemical seems mandatory in order to avoid misclassifications. Application of a systematic weight-of-evidence approach is considered suitable to determine the level of confidence, including a thorough assessment of the specificity or non-specificity of observed bronchial hyperreactivity. Recommendations proposed in this publication may not only aid industry and regulators in their decision making but also facilitate a further exchange between stakeholders to improve the data used to (a) more precisely identify true respiratory sensitizers to effectively protect human health, (b) aid evaluation of potential predictive models, and (c) encourage regulators to clarify guidance and to consider a re-evaluation of the current regulatory definition of respiratory sensitizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial degradation mechanisms, degradation pathways, and genetic engineering for pyrethroids: current knowledge and future perspectives.","authors":"Jiahui Wu, Hui Peng, Peng Cheng, Hongmei Liu, Ye Zhang, Maoqing Gong","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2433632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2024.2433632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyrethroids are synthetic products derived from natural pyrethroids present in flowers and are extensively used as pesticides for agriculture, animal husbandry, and household pest control. However, excessive and prolonged usage of pyrethroid insecticides can result in adverse effects on both non-target and target species. Therefore, effective technologies need to be developed to remove pyrethroid contamination and ensure environmental safety. Microbial remediation of various pesticide contaminants is highly practicable, low cost, and eco-friendly compared to physical and chemical methods. Different microbiota are screened to eliminate or degrade the contaminants. Microbial remediation technology utilizes the natural ability of microbiota to treat contaminated areas. Previous studies have mostly focused on the isolation and screening of microorganisms for pyrethroid biodegradation, as well as on the kinetics and pathways of pyrethroid biodegradation. In order to develop effective bioremediation strategies, further research based on molecular biology and bioengineering is required for a comprehensive exploration of pyrethroid-degrading microorganisms. To date, the microbial degradation of pyrethroid pesticides and the underlying mechanisms have been rarely reviewed. Therefore, this critical review encompasses the latest knowledge on synthetic pyrethroids from structural properties, bio-toxicity, and characterization of microbial degradation strains to degradation characteristics, intrinsic mechanisms, and microbial degradation pathways. The future of microbial remediation depends on combining advanced gene technology with traditional bioremediation methods to sustainably degrade pesticide contaminants. It also summarizes the factors affecting degradation efficiency and concludes with prospects, along with current challenges and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a risk prediction model of diquat poisoning based on clinical indicators.","authors":"Weiwei Qian, Jian Zhou, Yan Ren, Yangjuan Bai, Aihua Peng, Lin Lv, Zengwen Ma, Chengtong He, Yue Zhou, Jiale Tong, Yanzi Zhang, Yu Cao, Shuyun Xu","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2433242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2024.2433242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with diquat (DQ) poisoning and to develop a clinical risk assessment model to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies. Data from 60 patients with DQ poisoning, including basic characteristics, poisoning severity, and inflammatory response indicators, were collected. The plasma concentration of DQ was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The included patients were categorized into survival and death groups based on their 30-day outcomes. Fisher's exact test was used to identify statistically significant clinical indicators (<i>p</i> < .05), and logistic regression within a generalized linear model (GLM) framework was employed to analyze these indicators alongside the severity index of diquat poisoning (SIDP), followed by the construction of a prognostic model. The performance of the model was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the accuracy of the model was assessed. Additionally, two independent sample Wilcoxon tests compared the clinical indicators between high-risk and low-risk groups. Fisher's exact test identified significant differences in variables such as oral drug dosage (ODD), time from poisoning to admission (TFPTA), state of consciousness (SOC), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), white blood cells (WBC), myoglobin (Myo), high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), acute kidney injury (AKI), and acute lung injury (ALI) (<i>p</i> < .05) between the survival and death groups. The GLM-based risk assessment model demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.97 (SE 0.017, 95% CI 0.939-1.001), indicating potent prognostic capability. The Wilcoxon test revealed that ODD, Myo, SIDP, aspartate transferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), hemoglobin (Hb), cardiac troponin (cTnT), and serum creatinine (Cr) levels were significantly higher in the high-risk group. The clinical risk assessment model effectively predicts the prognosis of patients with DQ poisoning, aiding clinicians in personalizing treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the relationship between per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances and breast, colorectal, prostate, and ovarian cancers: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Ahmad Habibian Sezavar, Nima Rastegar-Pouyani, Nader Rahimi Kakavandi, Fatemeh Fakhari, Emad Jafarzadeh, Shima Aliebrahimi, Seyed Nasser Ostad","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2425669","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2425669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used widely in industrial and commercial applications. Concerns exist about their potential link to cancer risk as possible endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the dose-response relationship between PFAS, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) exposure and risk of breast, prostate, colorectal, and ovarian cancers. We systematically searched major databases through May 2022 and identified 13 observational studies for inclusion. Using random-effects models, we calculated summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the highest versus lowest PFAS exposure categories. Additionally, we analyzed the dose-response correlation between PFAS and cancer risk in a subset of studies. The study revealed no substantial correlation between exposure to PFASs and the incidence of breast cancer (BC) (OR_PFOS = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.91-1.46, OR_PFOA = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.68-1.50, OR_PFNA = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.64-1.21, OR_PFHxS = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.40-3.77, and OR_PFDA = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.41-4.10), ovarian cancer (OR_PFOA = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.84-2.42), prostate cancer (OR_PFOA = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.88-1.26), and colorectal cancer (OR_PFOA = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.53-1.12) in the highest versus lowest exposure analysis. However, dose-response analysis showed that for every 1 ng/ml increase in PFNA and 2 ng/ml increase in PFOA, the relative risk for BC decreased significantly (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45-0.99 and RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.98, respectively). Non-linear dose-response analysis found no significant changes in BC risk with increasing PFAS levels. In conclusion, while the highest versus lowest analysis does not support associations between PFAS exposure and the risk of these cancers, linear dose-response analysis suggests potential inverse relationships between PFNA/PFOA levels and BC risk. Further research is warranted on these potential protective effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"981-995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment of bisphenol A alternatives for human health.","authors":"Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja, Daniel Zalko, Sabrina Tait, Emanuela Testai, Catherine Viguié, Emanuela Corsini, Nathalie Grova, Franca Maria Buratti, Nicolas J Cabaton, Lucia Coppola, Antonio De la Vieja, Maria Dusinska, Naouale El Yamani, Valentina Galbiati, Patricia Iglesias-Hernández, Yvonne Kohl, Ambra Maddalon, Francesca Marcon, Lydie Naulé, Elise Rundén-Pran, Francesca Salani, Nicoletta Santori, Mónica Torres-Ruiz, Jonathan D Turner, Ondrej Adamovsky, Kiara Aiello-Holden, Hubert Dirven, Henriqueta Louro, Maria João Silva","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2388712","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2388712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic chemical widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, has been associated with a variety of adverse effects in humans including metabolic, immunological, reproductive, and neurodevelopmental effects, raising concern about its health impact. In the EU, it has been classified as toxic to reproduction and as an endocrine disruptor and was thus included in the candidate list of substances of very high concern (SVHC). On this basis, its use has been banned or restricted in some products. As a consequence, industries turned to bisphenol alternatives, such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), which are now found in various consumer products, as well as in human matrices at a global scale. However, due to their toxicity, these two bisphenols are in the process of being regulated. Other BPA alternatives, whose potential toxicity remains largely unknown due to a knowledge gap, have also started to be used in manufacturing processes. The gradual restriction of the use of BPA underscores the importance of understanding the potential risks associated with its alternatives to avoid regrettable substitutions. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the potential hazards related to BPA alternatives prioritized by European Regulatory Agencies based on their regulatory relevance and selected to be studied under the European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC): BPE, BPAP, BPP, BPZ, BPS-MAE, and TCBPA. The focus is on data related to toxicokinetic, endocrine disruption, immunotoxicity, developmental neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity/carcinogenicity, which were considered the most relevant endpoints to assess the hazard related to those substances. The goal here is to identify the data gaps in BPA alternatives toxicology and hence formulate the future directions that will be taken in the frame of the PARC project, which seeks also to enhance chemical risk assessment methodologies using new approach methodologies (NAMs).</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"696-753"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights regarding neuropsychiatric and neuropathologic impacts of air pollution.","authors":"Katherine M Rentschler, Urmila P Kodavanti","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2420972","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2420972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air pollution is a significant environmental health risk for urban areas and developing countries. Air pollution may contribute to the incidence of cardiopulmonary and metabolic diseases. Evidence also points to the role of air pollution in worsening or developing neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. Inhaled pollutants include compositionally differing mixtures of respirable gaseous and particulate components of varied sizes, solubilities, and chemistry. Inhalation of combustibles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or other irritant particulate matter (PM) may trigger lung sensory afferents which initiate a sympathetic stress response <i>via</i> activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axes. Activation of SAM and HPA axes are associated with selective inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes following exposure. Regarding chronic exposure in susceptible hosts, these changes may become pathological by causing neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter, and neuroendocrine imbalances. Soluble PM, such as metals and nano-size particles may translocate across the olfactory, trigeminal, or vagal nerves through retrograde axonal transport, or through systemic circulation which may disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deposit in neural tissue. Neuronal deposition of metallic components can have a negative impact through multiple molecular mechanisms. In addition to systemic translocation, the release of pituitary and stress hormones, altered metabolic hormonal status and resultant circulating metabolic milieu, and sympathetically and HPA-mediated changes in immune markers, may secondarily impact the brain through a variety of regulatory adrenal hormone-dependent mechanisms. Several reviews covering air pollution as a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders have been published, but no reviews discuss the in-depth intersection between molecular and stress-related neuroendocrine mechanisms, thereby addressing adaptation and susceptibility variations and link to peripheral tissue effects. The purpose of this review is to discuss evidence regarding neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and molecular mechanisms which may contribute to neuropathology from air pollution exposure. This review also covers bi-directional neural and systemic interactions which may raise the risk for air pollution-related systemic illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"953-980"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of epidemiological and toxicological studies on health effects from ingestion of asbestos in drinking water.","authors":"Jennifer Go, Nawal Farhat, Karen Leingartner, Elvin Iscan Insel, Franco Momoli, Richard Carrier, Daniel Krewski","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2399840","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2399840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asbestos is a group of naturally occurring fibrous minerals that were commonly used in the construction of cement pipes for drinking water distribution systems. These pipes deteriorate and can release asbestos fibers into drinking water, raising concerns about potential risk to human health. The objective of this work was to synthesize human, animal, and <i>in vitro</i> evidence on potential health risks due to ingested asbestos in drinking water and evaluate the weight of evidence (WoE) of human health risk. A systematic review of epidemiological evidence was conducted, along with critical review of animal and <i>in vitro</i> evidence, followed by WoE evaluation that integrated human, animal, and <i>in vitro</i> evidence. The systematic review included 17 human studies with health outcomes mostly related to various cancer sites, with the majority focusing on the gastrointestinal system. The WoE evaluation resulted in very low levels of confidence or insufficient evidence of a health effect for cancers in 15 organ systems and for three non-cancer endpoints. While eight studies reported possible associations with stomach cancer in males, few high-quality studies were available to verify a causal relationship. Based on high-quality animal studies, an increased risk for cancer or non-cancer endpoints was not supported, aligning with findings from human studies. Overall, the currently available body of evidence is insufficient to establish a clear link between asbestos contamination in drinking water and adverse health effects. Due to the lack of both high-quality epidemiological studies and a validated kinetic model for ingested asbestos, additional research on this association is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"856-894"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank you to authors and reviewers of papers in Critical Reviews in Toxicology (CRT) volume 54, 2024.","authors":"Roger O McClellan","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2024.2440252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2024.2440252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"54 10","pages":"695"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}