Critical Reviews in Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Adverse outcome pathway (AOP): α2u-globulin nephropathy and kidney tumors in male rats.","authors":"Katy O Goyak,&nbsp;Satinder S Sarang,&nbsp;A Franzen,&nbsp;Susan J Borghoff,&nbsp;Jessica P Ryman-Rasmussen","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2082269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2082269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Research Council's vision of using adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) as a framework to assist with toxicity assessment for regulatory requirements of chemical assessment has continued to gain traction since its release in 2007. The need to expand the AOP knowledge base has gained urgency, with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's directive to eliminate reliance on animal toxicity testing by 2035. To meet these needs, our goal was to elucidate the AOP for male-rat-specific kidney cancer. Male-rat-specific kidney tumors occur through the ability of structurally diverse substances to induce α2u-globulin nephropathy (α2u-N), a well-studied mode of action (MoA) not relevant in humans that results in kidney tumor formation in male rats. An accepted AOP may help facilitate the differentiation from other kidney tumors MoAs. Following identification and review of relevant <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> literature, both the MIE and subsequent KEs were identified. Based on the weight of evidence from the various resources, the confidence in this AOP is high. Uses of this AOP include hazard identification, development of <i>in vitro</i> assays to determine if the MoA is through α2u-N and not relevant to humans resulting in decreased use of animals, and regulatory applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"345-357"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10685541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor regarding the review article by Yamada et al. (2021) titled \"Critical evaluation of the human relevance of the mode of action for rodent liver tumor formation by activators of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)\".","authors":"Petra van Kesteren,&nbsp;Marja Pronk,&nbsp;Harm Heusinkveld,&nbsp;Mirjam Luijten,&nbsp;Betty Hakkert","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2115875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2115875","url":null,"abstract":"comprehensive review article by Yamada et al. (2021) on a topic that is a matter of scientific debate for quite some years now: the human relevance of the mode of action (MoA) for liver tumor formation by chemicals that are activators of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Following a critical analysis of currently available data concerning this topic the authors conclude that this MoA is qualitatively not plausible for humans. Their conclusion is based on a pivotal species difference in hepatocellular proliferation (a key event in CAR-mediated rodent liver tumor formation), supported by negative epidemiology data for the archetypical CAR activator phenobarbital (PB). According to the authors","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"397-398"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9199146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative review of converging evidence addressing developmental toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides.","authors":"Benjamin A Elser, Benjamin Hing, Hanna E Stevens","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2122769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2122769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyrethroid insecticides are broadly used in agriculture and household products throughout the world. Exposure to this class of insecticides is widespread, and while generally believed to be safe for use, there is increasing concern regarding their effects on neurodevelopment. Due to the critical roles that molecular targets of pyrethroids play in the regulation of neurodevelopment, particular focus has been placed on evaluating the effects of <i>in utero</i> and childhood pyrethroid exposure on child cognition and behavior. As such, this narrative review synthesizes an assessment of converging study types; we review reports of neonatal pyrethroid levels together with current epidemiological literature that convergently address the risk for developmental toxicity linked to exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. We first address studies that assess the degree of direct fetal exposure to pyrethroids <i>in utero</i> through measurements in cord blood, meconium, and amniotic fluid. We then focus on the links between prenatal exposure to these insecticides and child neurodevelopment, fetal growth, and other adverse birth outcomes. Furthermore, we assess the effects of postnatal exposure on child neurodevelopment through a review of the data on pediatric exposures and child cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Study quality was evaluated individually, and the weight of evidence was assessed broadly to characterize these effects. Overall, while definitive conclusions cannot be reached from the currently available literature, the available data suggest that the potential links between pyrethroid exposure and child neurodevelopmental effects deserve further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"371-388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9477474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging T1 indices of the brain as biomarkers of inhaled manganese exposure.","authors":"N Jensen,&nbsp;R Terrell,&nbsp;S Ramoju,&nbsp;N Shilnikova,&nbsp;N Farhat,&nbsp;N Karyakina,&nbsp;B H Cline,&nbsp;F Momoli,&nbsp;D Mattison,&nbsp;D Krewski","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2128719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2128719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) is linked to its accumulation in the brain and adverse neurological effects. Paramagnetic properties of Mn allow the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to identify it in biological tissues. A critical review was conducted to evaluate whether MRI techniques could be used as a diagnostic tool to detect brain Mn accumulation as a quantitative biomarker of inhaled exposure. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed to identify potentially relevant studies published prior to 9 May 2022. Two reviewers independently screened identified references using a two-stage process. Of the 6452 unique references identified, 36 articles were retained for data abstraction. Eligible studies used T1-weighted MRI techniques and reported direct or indirect T1 measures to characterize Mn accumulation in the brain. Findings demonstrate that, in subjects exposed to high levels of Mn, deposition in the brain is widespread, accumulating both within and outside the basal ganglia. Available evidence indicates that T1 MRI techniques can be used to distinguish Mn-exposed individuals from unexposed. Additionally, T1 MRI may be useful for semi-quantitative evaluation of inhaled Mn exposure, particularly when interpreted along with other exposure indices. T1 MRI measures appear to have a nonlinear relationship to Mn exposure duration, with R1 signal only increasing after critical thresholds. The strength of the association varied depending on the regions of interest imaged and the method of exposure measurement. Overall, available evidence suggests potential for future clinical and risk assessment applications of MRI as a diagnostic tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"358-370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10686651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of genotoxicity of glass ionomer cements: a systematic review.","authors":"Ingra Tais Malacarne,&nbsp;Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita,&nbsp;Daniel Vitor de Souza,&nbsp;Marcia Regina Nagaoka,&nbsp;Odair Aguiar,&nbsp;Ana Claudia Muniz Renno,&nbsp;Daniel Araki Ribeiro","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2101914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2101914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate, through a systematic review, the assessment of genotoxicity of glass ionomer cements <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. A systematic review was performed with the problem, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICOS) strategy, aiming to answer the following question: \"Can glass ionomer cements induce genetic damage <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>?\" A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed (including MedLine), Web of Science, and Scopus. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). After the authors performed the review of all articles, a total of 13 manuscripts met all the inclusion criteria in the systematic review. Following the parameters of the EPHPP, eight articles were classified as strong or moderate quality. The other ones (five studies) were weak. Taken together our results demonstrated that, six studies reported genotoxicity of the modified glass ionomer cements tested and two studies concluded that the effect of genotoxicity was time dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"389-396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10633159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor from Drs. van Kesteren, Pronk, Heusinkveld, Luijten and Hakkert concerning Yamada et al. (2021): Critical evaluation of the human relevance of the mode of action for rodent liver tumor formation by activators of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Crit. Rev. Toxicol. Vol. 51: 373-394.","authors":"Tomoya Yamada,&nbsp;Samuel M Cohen,&nbsp;Brian G Lake","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2101915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2101915","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"399-402"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9198659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure assessment with solid substances: choosing a vehicle for <i>in vitro</i> percutaneous absorption experiments.","authors":"Catherine Champmartin,&nbsp;Lisa Chedik,&nbsp;Fabrice Marquet,&nbsp;Frédéric Cosnier","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2097052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2097052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Percutaneous occupational exposure to industrial toxicants can be assessed <i>in vitro</i> on excised human or animal skins. Numerous factors can significantly influence skin permeation of chemicals and the flux determination. Among them, the vehicle used to solubilize the solid substances is a tricky key step. A \"realistic surrogate\" that closely matches the exposure scenario is recommended in first intention. When direct transposition of occupational exposure conditions to <i>in vitro</i> experiments is impossible, it is recommended that the vehicle used does not affect the skin barrier (in particular in terms of structural integrity, composition, or enzymatic activity). Indeed, any such effect could alter the percutaneous absorption of substances in a number of ways, as we will see. Potential effects are described for five monophasic vehicles, including the three most frequently used: water, ethanol, acetone; and two that are more rarely used, but are realistic: artificial sebum and artificial sweat. Finally, we discuss a number of criteria to be verified and the associated tests that should be performed when choosing the most appropriate vehicle, keeping in mind that, in the context of occupational exposure, the scientific quality of the percutaneous absorption data provided, and how they are interpreted, may have long-range consequences. From the narrative review presented, we also identify and discuss important factors to consider in future updates of the OECD guidelines for <i>in vitro</i> skin absorption experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 4","pages":"294-316"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9199157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical review and analysis of literature on low dose exposure to chemical mixtures in mammalian <i>in vivo</i> systems.","authors":"Chris S Elcombe,&nbsp;Neil P Evans,&nbsp;Michelle Bellingham","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2091423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2091423","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Anthropogenic chemicals are ubiquitous throughout the environment. Consequentially, humans are exposed to hundreds of anthropogenic chemicals daily. Current chemical risk assessments are primarily based on testing individual chemicals in rodents at doses that are orders of magnitude higher than that of human exposure. The potential risk from exposure to mixtures of chemicals is calculated using mathematical models of mixture toxicity based on these analyses. These calculations, however, do not account for synergistic or antagonistic interactions between co-exposed chemicals. While proven examples of chemical synergy in mixtures at low doses are rare, there is increasing evidence that, through non-conformance to current mixture toxicity models, suggests synergy. This review examined the published studies that have investigated exposure to mixtures of chemicals at low doses in mammalian in vivo systems. Only seven identified studies were sufficient in design to directly examine the appropriateness of current mixture toxicity models, of which three showed responses significantly greater than additivity model predictions. While the remaining identified studies were unable to provide evidence of synergistic toxicity, it became apparent that many results of such studies were not always explicable by current mixture toxicity models. Additionally, two data gaps were identified. Firstly, there is a lack of studies where individual chemical components of a complex mixture (>10 components) are tested in parallel to the chemical mixture. Secondly, there is a lack of dose-response data for mixtures of chemicals at low doses. Such data is essential to address the appropriateness and validity of future chemical mixture toxicity models.","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 3","pages":"221-238"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9530410/pdf/nihms-1838398.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9879011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-cigarette vaping associated acute lung injury (EVALI): state of science and future research needs.","authors":"Antonella Marrocco, Dilpreet Singh, David C Christiani, Philip Demokritou","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2082918","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2082918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"E-Cigarette (e-cig) Vaping-Associated Acute Lung Injury\" (EVALI) has been linked to vitamin-E-acetate (VEA) and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), due to their presence in patients' e-cigs and biological samples. Lacking standardized methodologies for patients' data collection and comprehensive physicochemical/toxicological studies using real-world-vapor exposures, very little data are available, thus the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of EVALI is still unknown. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of existing literature on clinical/epidemiological features and physicochemical-toxicological characterization of vaping emissions associated with EVALI. The literature review of 161 medical case reports revealed that the predominant demographic pattern was healthy white male, adolescent, or young adult, vaping illicit/informal THC-containing e-cigs. The main histopathologic pattern consisted of diffuse alveolar damage with bilateral ground-glass-opacities at chest radiograph/CT, and increased number of macrophages or neutrophils and foamy-macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage. The chemical analysis of THC/VEA e-cig vapors showed a chemical difference between THC/VEA and the single THC or VEA. The chemical characterization of vapors from counterfeit THC-based e-cigs or in-house-prepared e-liquids using either cannabidiol (CBD), VEA, or medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), identified many toxicants, such as carbonyls, volatile organic compounds, terpenes, silicon compounds, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides and various industrial/manufacturing/automotive-related chemicals. There is very scarce published toxicological data on emissions from THC/VEA e-liquids. However, CBD, MCT, and VEA emissions exert varying degrees of cytotoxicity, inflammation, and lung damage, depending on puffing topography and cell line. Major knowledge gaps were identified, including the need for more systematic-standardized epidemiological surveys, comprehensive physicochemical characterization of real-world e-cig emissions, and mechanistic studies linking emission properties to specific toxicological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 3","pages":"188-220"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9716650/pdf/nihms-1848342.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9765391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temephos, an organophosphate larvicide for residential use: a review of its toxicity","authors":"Juan Pablo Martínez-Mercado, A. Sierra-Santoyo, F. A. Verdín-Betancourt, A. Rojas-García, B. Quintanilla-Vega","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2065967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2065967","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Temephos (O,O,O',O′-tetramethyl O,O′-thiodi-p-phenylene bis(phosphorothioate)) is a larvicide belonging to the family of organophosphate pesticides used for the control of different vectors of diseases, such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and dracunculiasis. The aim of this review was to discuss the available published information about temephos toxicokinetics and toxicity in mammals. Temephos is quickly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, distributed to all organs, and then it accumulates mainly in adipose tissue. It is metabolized by S-oxidation, oxidative desulfuration, and hydrolysis reactions, with the possible participation of cytochrome P450 (CYP). Temephos is mainly eliminated by feces, whereas some of its metabolites are eliminated by urine. The World Health Organization classifies it as class III: slightly dangerous with a NOAEL (no-observed adverse effect level) of 2.3 mg/kg/day for up to 90 days in rats, based on brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. A LOAEL (lowest observable adverse effect level) of 100 mg/kg/day for up to 44 days in rats was proposed based on cholinergic symptoms. However, some studies have shown that temephos causes toxic effects in mammals. The inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of its main demonstrated effects; however, this larvicide has also shown genotoxic effects and some adverse effects on male reproduction and fertility, as well as liver damage, even at low doses. We performed an extensive review through several databases of the literature about temephos toxicokinetics, and we recommend to revisit current assessment of temephos with the new available data.","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 1","pages":"113 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46232906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}