{"title":"A systematic review on fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in mammals.","authors":"Satheeswaran Balasubramanian, Ekambaram Perumal","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2122771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2122771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoride, one of the global groundwater contaminants, is ubiquitous in our day-to-day life from various natural and anthropogenic sources. Numerous <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i>, and epidemiological studies are conducted to understand the effect of fluoride on biological systems. A low concentration of fluoride is reported to increase oral health, whereas chronic exposure to higher concentrations causes fluoride toxicity (fluorosis). It includes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and fluoride toxicity in soft tissues. The mechanism of fluoride toxicity has been reviewed extensively. However, epigenetic regulation in fluoride toxicity has not been reviewed. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge regarding fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in the <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo,</i> and epidemiological studies in mammalian systems. We examined four databases for the association between epigenetics and fluoride exposure. Out of 932 articles (as of 31 March 2022), 39 met our inclusion criteria. Most of the studies focused on different genes, and overall, preliminary evidence for epigenetic regulation of fluoride toxicity was identified. We further highlight the need for epigenome studies rather than candidate genes and provide recommendations for future research. Our results indicate a correlation between fluoride exposure and epigenetic processes. Further studies are warranted to elucidate and confirm the mechanism of epigenetic alterations mediated fluoride toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 6","pages":"449-468"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10624529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J-D Masson, L Angrand, G Badran, R de Miguel, G Crépeaux
{"title":"Clearance, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects of aluminum-based adjuvants. Systematic review and meta-analysis: what do we learn from animal studies?","authors":"J-D Masson, L Angrand, G Badran, R de Miguel, G Crépeaux","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2105688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2105688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum (Al) salts are commonly used as adjuvants in human and veterinary vaccines for almost a century. Despite this long history of use and the very large number of exposed individuals, data in the literature concerning the fate of these molecules after injection and their potential effects on the nervous system is limited. In the context of (i) an increase of exposure to Al salts through vaccination; (ii) the absence of safety values determined by health regulators; (iii) the lack of robustness of the studies used as references to officially claim Al adjuvant innocuity; (iv) the publication of several animal studies investigating Al salts clearance/biopersistence and neurotoxicity; we have examined in this review all published studies performed on animals and assessing Al adjuvants kinetics, biodistribution, and neuromodulation since the first work of A. Glenny in the 1920s. The diversity of methodological approaches, results, and potential weaknesses of the 31 collected studies are exposed. A large range of protocols has been used, including a variety of exposure schedule and analyses methods, making comparisons between studies uneasy. Nevertheless, published data highlight that when biopersistence, translocation, or neuromodulation were assessed, they were documented whatever the different <i>in vivo</i> models and methods used. Moreover, the studies pointed out the crucial importance of the different Al adjuvant physicochemical properties and host genetic background on their kinetics, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects. Regarding the state of the art on this key public health topic, further studies are clearly needed to determine the exact safety level of Al salts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 6","pages":"403-419"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9937085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of BPA substitutes on the prenatal and cardiovascular systems.","authors":"Fatima Abrantes-Soares, Margarida Lorigo, Elisa Cairrao","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2142514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2142514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous chemical compound constantly being released into the environment, making it one of the most persistent endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) in nature. This EDC has already been associated with developing various pathologies, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular, renal, and behavioral complications, among others. Therefore, over the years, BPA has been replaced, gradually, by its analog compounds. However, these compounds are structurally similar to BPA, so, in recent years, questions have been raised concerning their safety for human health. Numerous investigations have been performed to determine the effects BPA substitutes may cause, particularly during pregnancy and prenatal life. On the other hand, studies investigating the association of these compounds with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been developed. In this sense, this review summarizes the existing literature on the transgenerational transfer of BPA substitutes and the consequent effects on maternal and offspring health following prenatal exposure. In addition, these compounds' effects on the cardiovascular system and the susceptibility to develop CVD will be presented. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the need to investigate further the safety and benefits, or hazards, associated with replacing BPA with its analogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 6","pages":"469-498"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10639054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katy O Goyak, Satinder S Sarang, A Franzen, Susan J Borghoff, Jessica P Ryman-Rasmussen
{"title":"Adverse outcome pathway (AOP): α2u-globulin nephropathy and kidney tumors in male rats.","authors":"Katy O Goyak, Satinder S Sarang, A Franzen, Susan J Borghoff, Jessica P Ryman-Rasmussen","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2082269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2082269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Research Council's vision of using adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) as a framework to assist with toxicity assessment for regulatory requirements of chemical assessment has continued to gain traction since its release in 2007. The need to expand the AOP knowledge base has gained urgency, with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's directive to eliminate reliance on animal toxicity testing by 2035. To meet these needs, our goal was to elucidate the AOP for male-rat-specific kidney cancer. Male-rat-specific kidney tumors occur through the ability of structurally diverse substances to induce α2u-globulin nephropathy (α2u-N), a well-studied mode of action (MoA) not relevant in humans that results in kidney tumor formation in male rats. An accepted AOP may help facilitate the differentiation from other kidney tumors MoAs. Following identification and review of relevant <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> literature, both the MIE and subsequent KEs were identified. Based on the weight of evidence from the various resources, the confidence in this AOP is high. Uses of this AOP include hazard identification, development of <i>in vitro</i> assays to determine if the MoA is through α2u-N and not relevant to humans resulting in decreased use of animals, and regulatory applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"345-357"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10685541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petra van Kesteren, Marja Pronk, Harm Heusinkveld, Mirjam Luijten, Betty Hakkert
{"title":"Letter to the editor regarding the review article by Yamada et al. (2021) titled \"Critical evaluation of the human relevance of the mode of action for rodent liver tumor formation by activators of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)\".","authors":"Petra van Kesteren, Marja Pronk, Harm Heusinkveld, Mirjam Luijten, Betty Hakkert","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2115875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2115875","url":null,"abstract":"comprehensive review article by Yamada et al. (2021) on a topic that is a matter of scientific debate for quite some years now: the human relevance of the mode of action (MoA) for liver tumor formation by chemicals that are activators of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Following a critical analysis of currently available data concerning this topic the authors conclude that this MoA is qualitatively not plausible for humans. Their conclusion is based on a pivotal species difference in hepatocellular proliferation (a key event in CAR-mediated rodent liver tumor formation), supported by negative epidemiology data for the archetypical CAR activator phenobarbital (PB). According to the authors","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"397-398"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9199146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A narrative review of converging evidence addressing developmental toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides.","authors":"Benjamin A Elser, Benjamin Hing, Hanna E Stevens","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2122769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2122769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyrethroid insecticides are broadly used in agriculture and household products throughout the world. Exposure to this class of insecticides is widespread, and while generally believed to be safe for use, there is increasing concern regarding their effects on neurodevelopment. Due to the critical roles that molecular targets of pyrethroids play in the regulation of neurodevelopment, particular focus has been placed on evaluating the effects of <i>in utero</i> and childhood pyrethroid exposure on child cognition and behavior. As such, this narrative review synthesizes an assessment of converging study types; we review reports of neonatal pyrethroid levels together with current epidemiological literature that convergently address the risk for developmental toxicity linked to exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. We first address studies that assess the degree of direct fetal exposure to pyrethroids <i>in utero</i> through measurements in cord blood, meconium, and amniotic fluid. We then focus on the links between prenatal exposure to these insecticides and child neurodevelopment, fetal growth, and other adverse birth outcomes. Furthermore, we assess the effects of postnatal exposure on child neurodevelopment through a review of the data on pediatric exposures and child cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Study quality was evaluated individually, and the weight of evidence was assessed broadly to characterize these effects. Overall, while definitive conclusions cannot be reached from the currently available literature, the available data suggest that the potential links between pyrethroid exposure and child neurodevelopmental effects deserve further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"371-388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9477474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N Jensen, R Terrell, S Ramoju, N Shilnikova, N Farhat, N Karyakina, B H Cline, F Momoli, D Mattison, D Krewski
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging T1 indices of the brain as biomarkers of inhaled manganese exposure.","authors":"N Jensen, R Terrell, S Ramoju, N Shilnikova, N Farhat, N Karyakina, B H Cline, F Momoli, D Mattison, D Krewski","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2128719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2128719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) is linked to its accumulation in the brain and adverse neurological effects. Paramagnetic properties of Mn allow the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to identify it in biological tissues. A critical review was conducted to evaluate whether MRI techniques could be used as a diagnostic tool to detect brain Mn accumulation as a quantitative biomarker of inhaled exposure. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed to identify potentially relevant studies published prior to 9 May 2022. Two reviewers independently screened identified references using a two-stage process. Of the 6452 unique references identified, 36 articles were retained for data abstraction. Eligible studies used T1-weighted MRI techniques and reported direct or indirect T1 measures to characterize Mn accumulation in the brain. Findings demonstrate that, in subjects exposed to high levels of Mn, deposition in the brain is widespread, accumulating both within and outside the basal ganglia. Available evidence indicates that T1 MRI techniques can be used to distinguish Mn-exposed individuals from unexposed. Additionally, T1 MRI may be useful for semi-quantitative evaluation of inhaled Mn exposure, particularly when interpreted along with other exposure indices. T1 MRI measures appear to have a nonlinear relationship to Mn exposure duration, with R1 signal only increasing after critical thresholds. The strength of the association varied depending on the regions of interest imaged and the method of exposure measurement. Overall, available evidence suggests potential for future clinical and risk assessment applications of MRI as a diagnostic tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"358-370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10686651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ingra Tais Malacarne, Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita, Daniel Vitor de Souza, Marcia Regina Nagaoka, Odair Aguiar, Ana Claudia Muniz Renno, Daniel Araki Ribeiro
{"title":"Assessment of genotoxicity of glass ionomer cements: a systematic review.","authors":"Ingra Tais Malacarne, Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita, Daniel Vitor de Souza, Marcia Regina Nagaoka, Odair Aguiar, Ana Claudia Muniz Renno, Daniel Araki Ribeiro","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2101914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2101914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate, through a systematic review, the assessment of genotoxicity of glass ionomer cements <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. A systematic review was performed with the problem, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICOS) strategy, aiming to answer the following question: \"Can glass ionomer cements induce genetic damage <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>?\" A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed (including MedLine), Web of Science, and Scopus. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). After the authors performed the review of all articles, a total of 13 manuscripts met all the inclusion criteria in the systematic review. Following the parameters of the EPHPP, eight articles were classified as strong or moderate quality. The other ones (five studies) were weak. Taken together our results demonstrated that, six studies reported genotoxicity of the modified glass ionomer cements tested and two studies concluded that the effect of genotoxicity was time dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"389-396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10633159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor from Drs. van Kesteren, Pronk, Heusinkveld, Luijten and Hakkert concerning Yamada et al. (2021): Critical evaluation of the human relevance of the mode of action for rodent liver tumor formation by activators of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Crit. Rev. Toxicol. Vol. 51: 373-394.","authors":"Tomoya Yamada, Samuel M Cohen, Brian G Lake","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2101915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2101915","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 5","pages":"399-402"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9198659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catherine Champmartin, Lisa Chedik, Fabrice Marquet, Frédéric Cosnier
{"title":"Occupational exposure assessment with solid substances: choosing a vehicle for <i>in vitro</i> percutaneous absorption experiments.","authors":"Catherine Champmartin, Lisa Chedik, Fabrice Marquet, Frédéric Cosnier","doi":"10.1080/10408444.2022.2097052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2022.2097052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Percutaneous occupational exposure to industrial toxicants can be assessed <i>in vitro</i> on excised human or animal skins. Numerous factors can significantly influence skin permeation of chemicals and the flux determination. Among them, the vehicle used to solubilize the solid substances is a tricky key step. A \"realistic surrogate\" that closely matches the exposure scenario is recommended in first intention. When direct transposition of occupational exposure conditions to <i>in vitro</i> experiments is impossible, it is recommended that the vehicle used does not affect the skin barrier (in particular in terms of structural integrity, composition, or enzymatic activity). Indeed, any such effect could alter the percutaneous absorption of substances in a number of ways, as we will see. Potential effects are described for five monophasic vehicles, including the three most frequently used: water, ethanol, acetone; and two that are more rarely used, but are realistic: artificial sebum and artificial sweat. Finally, we discuss a number of criteria to be verified and the associated tests that should be performed when choosing the most appropriate vehicle, keeping in mind that, in the context of occupational exposure, the scientific quality of the percutaneous absorption data provided, and how they are interpreted, may have long-range consequences. From the narrative review presented, we also identify and discuss important factors to consider in future updates of the OECD guidelines for <i>in vitro</i> skin absorption experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10869,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","volume":"52 4","pages":"294-316"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9199157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}