Current Oncology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Emerging Therapeutic Targets of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Xiaolin Zhu, Chien-Kuang C Ding, Rahul R Aggarwal","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01643-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01643-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Treatment-emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is aggressive and lethal. As androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) are increasingly used in earlier disease settings, treatment-emergent NEPC becomes more prevalent, and effective therapies are urgently needed. The purpose of this review was to summarize recent progress on emerging therapeutic targets of NEPC.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>A multitude of therapeutic targets have emerged in NEPC over recent years. These targets may represent drivers of treatment-emergent lineage plasticity or simply be overexpressed on the surface of NEPC cells. Multiple modalities have been employed to drug these targets, with promising preclinical and clinical results. Treatment-emergent NEPC represents a distinct and clinically significant subset of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Emerging therapeutic approaches have demonstrated encouraging efficacy and safety profiles, offering the potential to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"362-374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Role of the Cellular Tumor Microenvironment and the Therapeutic Targets it Provides in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.","authors":"Nikolaos A Chinas, Stella Kaliampou, Vasiliki Nikolaou","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01646-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01646-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) poses challenges both in diagnosis and prognosis. The purpose of this review is to address the role of profiling immune and non-immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) as it provides information for better diagnosis, prognosis, biomarker discovery, and personalized treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent evidence suggests that the progression of CTCL is closely linked to the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) which comprises various cell types including immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and the extracellular matrix. Cell profiling within the TME demonstrates the perplexity of intracellular communication of the different cell fates and their mediators as the disease progresses. CTCL as a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma often misdiagnosed due to its similarity to other skin conditions. It encompasses diseases like Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary Syndrome (SS), with the latter being more severe. Advances in studying the TME have shown its pivotal role in CTCL progression, highlighting the need for comprehensive cell profiling to enhance diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment personalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"415-430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11976352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Clinical PET Tracers in the Pipeline for Melanoma.","authors":"Nora Jaber, Hanna Saadani, Winnie Schats, Else A Aalbersberg, Marcel P M Stokkel","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01659-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01659-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this review is to provide an overview of novel clinical PET tracers in the pipeline for melanoma. Secondarily, to provide a head-to-head comparison with the current clinical standard used in clinical practice, [¹⁸F]FDG, if available.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>[¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT has become important in the clinical setting for melanoma as it serves many purposes, but lacks other important qualities due its nonspecific nature. There is an increased clinical need for specific tracers. Many new PET tracers, such as melanin-targeted and antibody-based probes, have been studied in melanoma with the intention of achieving high sensitivity detection of metastases and small lesions. There are four main groups of PET tracers in de pipeline for melanoma: melanin-, FAP-, PD-1/PD-L1- and CD8+ T cell-tracers. Melanin-targeted tracers and FAP inhibitors revealed potential for diagnostic application, whilst PD-1/PD-L1 and CD8+ T cell tracers demonstrated potential for response assessment and prediction. In conclusion, research has revealed promising results from current (ongoing) studies; however, more melanoma patients need to be included to further assess the value of these tracers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"458-471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the Interventional Radiologist in Stopping Bleeding in Cancer Patients.","authors":"Adam G Fish, David C Madoff","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01663-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01663-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Malignancy-related hemorrhage is a complex and potentially life-threatening complication that requires a multidisciplinary approach. This review examines the role of endovascular interventions in achieving hemostasis when conservative measures fail, focusing on their indications, efficacy, and associated risks.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Endovascular therapies have demonstrated high success rates in controlling hemorrhage from various malignancies. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) effectively manages hemoptysis in lung cancer, though recurrence remains a challenge. Gastrointestinal tumor bleeding can be treated with targeted embolization, but ischemic complications require careful technique. Hematuria due to urinary and prostate malignancies responds well to superselective embolization, and uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a viable option for gynecologic malignancy-related bleeding. Emerging techniques, such as bronchial artery chemoembolization, show promise in improving long-term control. Endovascular interventions are a cornerstone in the management of malignancy-related hemorrhage, offering minimally invasive and effective hemostatic solutions. While recurrence and complications remain a concern, advancements in embolization techniques and materials continue to improve outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimizing patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"483-489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De-escalation for Human Papillomavirus-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Look at the Prospective Evidence.","authors":"Allen M Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01652-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01652-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Although it is now firmly established that the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) expression in oropharyngeal cancer is associated with a favorable prognosis, the implications with respect to treatment remain uncertain. However, the recognition that HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is exquisitely sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy has raised questions regarding the appropriateness of historical treatment paradigms, and clinical trials have been conducted to assess whether patients can be treated with less intensive regimens. The fundamental goal of de-escalation is to preserve the high rates of cure and survival from traditional approaches while reducing the incidence of both short- and long-term side effects. However, the data reporting on de-escalation is relatively limited.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While the evidence to date has been promising, the heterogeneity of the published studies particularly with trial design, de-escalation approach, inclusion criteria, and treatment selection has made drawing definitive conclusions difficult. The use of differing endpoints related to disease control and quality of life have also complicated the comparison of trials across the literature. Multiple uncertainties continue to exist with respect to the current state of de-escalation for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer, and how to consider the growing evidence in the context of clinical decision-making in the future is the subject of this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"355-361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11976804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of Leukemia, Revisited.","authors":"Carlos Ortiz-Hidalgo","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01658-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01658-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Provide a general historical overview of leukemia, emphasizing the early discoveries that led to its characterization.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Leukemia recognition began in the late 19th century with the advent of the microscope. Leeuwenhoek and Swammerdam described erythrocytes, while Lieutaud first observed globuli albicantes, later identified as lymphocytes by Hewson. Early case studies by Velpeau, Donné, Bennett, Craigie, Virchow, and Fuller suggested that leukocytosis could occur without infection. Virchow coined the term \"leukemia,\" while Bennett proposed \"leucocythemia.\" Neumann identified the bone marrow as the source of blood cells and leukemia, coining the term \"myelogenous leukemia,\" and Ehrlich classified leukemia into myeloid and lymphoid types. In 1914, Boveri linked chromosomal abnormalities to cancer, and in 1960, Nowell and Hungerford discovered the Philadelphia chromosome. The use of mustard gas in WWI led to the development of chemotherapy drugs like chlorambucil and busulfan. The Human Genome Project further advanced leukemia diagnosis and treatment. Leukemia, like many diseases, has evolved due to changes in causative factors such as viruses, bacteria, and genetic mutations, which have impacted its pathogenesis and treatment. It will undoubtedly continue to evolve, with new scientists working towards a cure for this devastating disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"472-482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ChatGPT in Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment: Applications, Legal and Ethical Challenges.","authors":"Zihan Zhou, Peng Qin, Xi Cheng, Maoxuan Shao, Zhaozheng Ren, Yiting Zhao, Qiunuo Li, Lingxiang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01649-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01649-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This study aims to systematically review the trajectory of artificial intelligence (AI) development in the medical field, with a particular emphasis on ChatGPT, a cutting-edge tool that is transforming oncology's diagnosis and treatment practices.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent advancements have demonstrated that ChatGPT can be effectively utilized in various areas, including collecting medical histories, conducting radiological & pathological diagnoses, generating electronic medical record (EMR), providing nutritional support, participating in Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) and formulating personalized, multidisciplinary treatment plans. However, some significant challenges related to data privacy and legal issues that need to be addressed for the safe and effective integration of ChatGPT into clinical practice. ChatGPT, an emerging AI technology, opens up new avenues and viewpoints for oncology diagnosis and treatment. If current technological and legal challenges can be overcome, ChatGPT is expected to play a more significant role in oncology diagnosis and treatment in the future, providing better treatment options and improving the quality of medical services.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"336-354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"15 Years Old ALK Gene from Birth to Adolescence; Where to in NBL.","authors":"Salma Elmenawi, Mohamed Fawzy","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01650-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01650-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the ALK gene, encompassing its prevalence, genetic alterations, and significance in neuroblastoma diagnosis, outcome prediction, and targeted therapy utilization. The insights presented aim to inform future research directions and clinical practices in this field.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>High risk neuroblastoma, comprising approximately 50% of all cases, presents a particularly poor prognosis. In 2008, the discovery of ALK aberrations in neuroblastoma marked a significant breakthrough, leading to the recognition of ALK as a target for tumors with activating ALK alterations. This discovery has paved the way for the development of various ALK inhibitors, which have shown promising clinical efficacy. ALK amplification, often observed alongside MYCN amplification, has been associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients. Activating mutations in the kinase domain of ALK, particularly at hotspot positions F1174, R1275, and F1245, have been identified. These mutations can occur at clonal or subclonal levels, posing challenges for early detection and potentially influencing disease progression and therapy resistance. The availability of ALK inhibitors, initially developed for adult cancers, has expedited the translation of this knowledge into targeted therapies for neuroblastoma. However, resistance to ALK inhibitors can emerge as a result of treatment or preexist as subclones within the tumor prior to therapy. Future trials should focus on identifying additional targets complementing ALK inhibition to enhance treatment efficacy and overcome acquired resistance. Furthermore, the utilization of circulating tumor DNA as a non-invasive approach for longitudinal monitoring of ALK-positive neuroblastoma patients, in combination with radiographic evaluation of treatment response, holds promise for understanding dynamic tumor changes over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"431-445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11976753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions, Knowledge, and Attitudes of General Population About Prostate Cancer-Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies Focusing on Lifestyle.","authors":"Catarina Leitão, Vanessa Neto, Luanna Silva, Marta Estrela, Margarida Fardilha, Fátima Roque, Maria Teresa Herdeiro","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01653-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01653-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer and the third deadliest in Europe among men. PCa has several well-established risk factors; however, the influence of lifestyle factors remains under investigation, which may hinder efforts to encourage healthier behavior adoption. Thus, this systematic review explored the general population's perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes regarding PCa-related risk factors.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Eighteen qualitative studies were included after searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE scientific databases between January 2013 and February 2023. Five major themes emerged from the 18 included studies: PCa knowledge, risk factors, lifestyle pattern changes, motivation/barriers to changing habits, and lifestyle advice support. Participants identified age, family history, genetics, and race/ethnicity as risk factors for PCa, but no consensus has been reached regarding lifestyle. However, most of the participants were willing to adopt healthier habits. Support from healthcare professionals (HPs), family, and friends, the desire for more time with loved ones, and fear of PCa consequences were cited as motivators for habit changes. However, poor economic conditions, work schedules, age, and PCa limitations hamper lifestyle changes. Effective interventions require personalized support and credible information from healthcare providers. Collaboration between family, friends, and HPs is crucial for promoting healthier behaviors and enhancing PCa management. This systematic review highlights the need for further research and innovative approaches to empower individuals towards healthier lifestyles, which could help prevent PCa or, at the very least, promote better treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"375-389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11976834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneath the Surface: The Emerging Role of Ultra-Processed Foods in Obesity-Related Cancer.","authors":"Ioanna A Anastasiou, Dimitris Kounatidis, Natalia G Vallianou, Alexandros Skourtis, Krystalia Dimitriou, Ilektra Tzivaki, Georgios Tsioulos, Anastasia Rigatou, Irene Karampela, Maria Dalamaga","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01654-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01654-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purposeof review: </strong>Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are becoming more and more important in daily diets around the world; in some cases, they can account for as much as 60% of daily energy intake. Epidemiological evidence suggests that this shift toward high levels of food processing may be partially responsible for the global obesity epidemic and the rise in the prevalence of chronic diseases.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Few prospective studies have examined the relationship between UPF consumption and cancer outcomes. According to currently available information, UPFs may increase the risk of cancer due to their obesogenic properties and exposure to substances that can cause cancer, such as certain food additives and pollution from product processing. The complex relationship between obesity and cancer involves factors such as immune dysregulation, altered adipokine and sex hormone levels, abnormal fatty acid metabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling, and chronic inflammation. Addressing cancer risk associated with UPF consumption could involve a multifaceted approach, including consumer behavior modification programs and robust public health regulations aimed at enhancing food environments. Improved knowledge of the potential dual negative impacts of UPFs on the environment and cancer risk is one of the priority areas we identify for future research and policy implications. Various approaches could be used to prevent cancers associated with UPF consumption, such as consumer behavior change programs and stricter public health regulations needed to improve the food environment. This review examines for the first time the potential role of UPFs in cancer risk associated with obesity, exploring underlying biological mechanisms and identifying key areas for future research and policy action, including the dual environmental and health impact of UPFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"390-414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11976848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}