Crop Science最新文献_第6页

Unlocking nature's vault: Innovative tools for plant genebanks 解锁自然宝库：植物基因库的创新工具

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70322

Marilyn L. Warburton, Britton Bourland, Alex M. Cornwall, Clarice J. Coyne, Sarah Dohle, Darren T. Drewry, Sungil Ferrera, Paul J. Galewski, Barbara Hellier, Brian Irish, Alecia Kiszonas, Neha Kothari, Carol Miles, Sindhuja Sankaran, Hatice Sari, Melissa Scholten, Lisa Taylor, Renan Uhdre, Gayle Volk, Lyle Wallace, Zhiwu Zhang

{"title":"Unlocking nature's vault: Innovative tools for plant genebanks","authors":"Marilyn L. Warburton, Britton Bourland, Alex M. Cornwall, Clarice J. Coyne, Sarah Dohle, Darren T. Drewry, Sungil Ferrera, Paul J. Galewski, Barbara Hellier, Brian Irish, Alecia Kiszonas, Neha Kothari, Carol Miles, Sindhuja Sankaran, Hatice Sari, Melissa Scholten, Lisa Taylor, Renan Uhdre, Gayle Volk, Lyle Wallace, Zhiwu Zhang","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70322","url":null,"abstract":"Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) are material containing useful genetic variation in plant species, including their weedy and wild relatives. Collections of PGR are mined for useful traits as needed to respond to new biotic and abiotic stresses; incorporate new nutritional, yield, or value-added traits; and create new markets or industries. PGR are also useful to identify genes encoding traits of interest; serve as training populations for new breeding methodologies such as genomic selection that integrate the latest genomic data with new statistical modeling; and underpin evolutionary and taxonomic studies. The genebanks of the USDA ARS National Plant Germplasm System have experienced progress and challenges in applying such tools and technologies to PGR maintenance and creation of data that will increase their utility. These tools include high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping technologies that could be used by breeders to unlock their genetic potential, and to more efficiently and effectively manage the collections. Examples of these technologies used on PGR of the USDA ARS Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research Unit are presented, as are genebank success stories of entries that were used to create new breeding lines and cultivars to solve a problem faced by US farmers. Finally, current challenges and opportunities in PGR management and utilization are offered.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Yield and yield-driving physiological traits under different nitrogen rates and mepiquat chloride strategies in cotton 不同施氮量和氯吡草枯策略下棉花产量及产量驱动生理性状

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2026-07-23 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70344

Ashbin Kumar Bhat, John Snider, Simerjeet Virk, Lavesta C. Hand, Ved Parkash, Joshua Mark Lee, Ingrid Brito Almeida, Jhansy Reddy Katta, Comfort Adegbenro, Mohit Kumar, Emmanuella Bredu, Brian Jayson Wisekal

{"title":"Yield and yield-driving physiological traits under different nitrogen rates and mepiquat chloride strategies in cotton","authors":"Ashbin Kumar Bhat, John Snider, Simerjeet Virk, Lavesta C. Hand, Ved Parkash, Joshua Mark Lee, Ingrid Brito Almeida, Jhansy Reddy Katta, Comfort Adegbenro, Mohit Kumar, Emmanuella Bredu, Brian Jayson Wisekal","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70344","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70344","url":null,"abstract":"The interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and mepiquat chloride (MC) on yield and key physiological traits have received limited attention in the primary literature. This study was aimed to (1) evaluate the effects of N rate and MC application strategy on yield-altering physiological processes, lint yield, and fiber quality and (2) quantify relationships between lint yield and physiological responses at peak bloom and cutout stages. A field experiment was conducted in 2023 and 2024 near Tifton, GA, using a split-plot design with three N rates (0, 135, and 270 kg N ha−1) and three MC strategies (control, moderate, and aggressive). Variables assessed included lint yield, gin turnout, fiber quality traits, fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPARf), radiation use efficiency, above-ground biomass (AGB), N uptake, and crop growth rate. Nitrogen fertilization increased lint yield (57-91%), IPARf, AGB, and N uptake, with no yield benefit above 135 kg N ha−1. Yield increased by 18%–25% with MC application in 2024, but no impact was observed in 2023. No significant N × MC interaction was observed for yield. Regression analysis showed that IPARf and AGB at peak bloom were the most consistent predictors of lint yield. Nitrogen and MC effects on fiber quality varied by year. Nitrogen application had a consistent positive effect on yield and physiological traits. MC showed variable effects on lint yield across years. IPARf and AGB and N uptake at the peak bloom are important indicators of N- or MC-management-driven yield variation in cotton.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elevated temperature and increased precipitation alter isoflavone concentrations and biomass of red clover 温度升高和降水增加改变了红三叶草的异黄酮浓度和生物量

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2026-07-23 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70343

Palash Mandal, Rebecca K. McGrail, Jim A. Nelson, John B. May, A. Elizabeth Carlisle, Rebecca L. McCulley

{"title":"Elevated temperature and increased precipitation alter isoflavone concentrations and biomass of red clover","authors":"Palash Mandal, Rebecca K. McGrail, Jim A. Nelson, John B. May, A. Elizabeth Carlisle, Rebecca L. McCulley","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70343","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70343","url":null,"abstract":"Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a widely grown perennial forage legume that supports sustainable livestock production through its high nutritive value and bioactive isoflavones. Future climate change, particularly warming and increased rainfall, may influence forage accumulation and isoflavone concentrations. However, field evidence integrating the combined effects of these climate factors remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted a 2-year field experiment in central Kentucky manipulating temperature (+3°C, day/night) and precipitation (+30% of the long-term mean) on red clover (cv. Kenland). Plants were harvested multiple times in a growing season to mimic hay production, and isoflavones were quantified. Warming reduced total isoflavone concentrations by 15% though responses varied by cutting and year, while precipitation alone did not affect total isoflavone concentrations. However, elevated temperature stimulated daidzein concentration in late summer, and the effects of added precipitation on daidzein differed among cuttings. Warming decreased red clover aboveground biomass by 14% across years, whereas added precipitation tended to increase biomass by a similar magnitude but did not significantly offset heat-related losses. These results suggest that future climatic conditions may reduce red clover productivity and total isoflavone concentrations. Additional rainfall showed limited evidence of mitigating warming-driven reductions in biomass and isoflavone concentrations, and warming may induce compound-specific changes in isoflavones (e.g., daidzein). These findings have mixed implications for forage–livestock systems. Decreased isoflavone concentrations (e.g., formononetin) may reduce reproductive risks in livestock, whereas decreases in other isoflavones could diminish benefits related to animal performance and environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foliage freezing tolerance in Paspalum (Poaceae) and its relationship with leaf anatomy 雀稗叶片抗冻性及其与叶片解剖结构的关系

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2026-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70339

Patricio Cowper-Coles, Francesco Mignolli, M. Carolina Peichoto, M. Laura Vidoz, Carlos A. Acuña

{"title":"Foliage freezing tolerance in Paspalum (Poaceae) and its relationship with leaf anatomy","authors":"Patricio Cowper-Coles, Francesco Mignolli, M. Carolina Peichoto, M. Laura Vidoz, Carlos A. Acuña","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70339","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70339","url":null,"abstract":"Freezing events in subtropical regions are becoming increasingly unpredictable, posing significant risks to plant survival and livestock systems dependent on warm-season grasses. Species within the Plicatula group of Paspalum offer valuable agronomic potential as forage crops and exhibit substantial variability in freezing tolerance. To assess this variability, we conducted a 3-year field trial involving 28 accessions, using both visual and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-based evaluations of leaf damage, alongside a controlled freezing experiment in a growth chamber. Results in field and controlled conditions were moderately correlated (r = 0.48–0.53), validating the use of controlled assays for screening. Based on performance, four accessions were selected for anatomical analysis: two tolerant (ML1 and U100) and two sensitive (Q4334 and U44). Metaxylem vessel diameters in the apical section of the youngest leaf (leaf 1) were smaller in tolerant accessions (14.78 and 19.37 µm) and larger in sensitive ones (22.20 and 21.64 µm), with correlation coefficients of 0.64 (visual) and 0.59 (NDVI). Additionally, tolerant accessions exhibited fewer parenchymal tissues and a greater density of vascular bundles in marginal leaf sections. In conclusion, our results confirm high variability in freezing tolerance within the Plicatula group, with P. plicatulum and P. guenoarum showing greater resilience compared to P. atratum and P. lenticulare. Controlled freezing tests at −3°C effectively differentiate field performance, and anatomical traits, particularly in apical sections of young leaves, serve as potential markers of freezing tolerance, likely due to their greater exposure to frost.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crop Science Annual Report, 2025 作物科学年度报告，2025

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2026-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70327

引用次数: 0

Characterization of grain yield in spring wheat using agronomic, image-derived phenomics, and genomic approaches 利用农艺、图像衍生表型组学和基因组学方法对春小麦籽粒产量进行表征

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2026-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70324

Anjan Neupane, Malcolm J. Morrison, D. Gavin Humphreys, Colin W. Hiebert, A. Claire Gahagan, Richard D. Cuthbert, Ron Knox, Simon Griffiths, Malcolm J. Hawkesford, Andrew Riche, Xuelian Wang, Andrew J. Burt

{"title":"Characterization of grain yield in spring wheat using agronomic, image-derived phenomics, and genomic approaches","authors":"Anjan Neupane, Malcolm J. Morrison, D. Gavin Humphreys, Colin W. Hiebert, A. Claire Gahagan, Richard D. Cuthbert, Ron Knox, Simon Griffiths, Malcolm J. Hawkesford, Andrew Riche, Xuelian Wang, Andrew J. Burt","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70324","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70324","url":null,"abstract":"Future yield gains in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) will increasingly rely on multi-omic approaches that combine phenomic and genomic data. In this study, we used canopy imaging to examine plant growth over time to assess plant growth dynamics and determine their relationship with grain yield and yield components. The doubled haploid spring wheat population (AAC Brandon/Pasteur) was phenotyped from 2021 to 2023 at Ottawa, Canada. High-throughput image data were collected using the PlotCam, alongside manual measurements of yield components. These data were used to develop yield prediction models and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using single nucleotide polymorphism-based genotyping. Significant correlations were found between image-derived traits, particularly estimated biomass (EBM), and both terminal dry biomass and grain yield. QTLs were associated with yield components, phenomic traits, and grain yield. Notably, a major grain yield QTL on chromosome 6D was linked to EBM from tillering through dough stages. A seed weight QTL on chromosome 2B was associated with senescence rate, while another on 6B co-located with EBM at heading, flowering, and dough stages. Additionally, a QTL for spike and seed number on 5B was linked to EBM at emergence, heading, and dough stages. These results highlight the value of integrating image-derived phenomics and genomic analysis to better understand the physiological basis of grain yield. This approach provides a deeper understanding of source–sink dynamics and offers a framework for selecting high-performing genotypes across environments.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying chickpea genotypes with stable phosphorus acquisition across environments 鉴定不同环境下磷获取稳定的鹰嘴豆基因型

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2026-07-19 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70338

L. Ramchander, R. Sadhukhan, A. Sreenivas, P. Venkatesh, S. Dewanjee, N. Saha

{"title":"Identifying chickpea genotypes with stable phosphorus acquisition across environments","authors":"L. Ramchander, R. Sadhukhan, A. Sreenivas, P. Venkatesh, S. Dewanjee, N. Saha","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70338","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70338","url":null,"abstract":"Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) complicates the identification of chickpea genotypes with consistent nutrient acquisition across variable environments, particularly under phosphorus-deficient conditions. While stability analyses in chickpea have focused largely on yield, the stability of nutrient-related traits remains poorly explored. In this study, 104 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes were evaluated across four environments representing two locations and two cropping seasons in eastern India to identify genotypes combining high and stable shoot phosphorus concentration. Multi-environment trials were conducted using an augmented randomized complete block design, and genotype performance was assessed using genotype and genotype × environment biplot analysis. The first two interaction principal components explained 88.03% of the total G + GE variation, allowing reliable discrimination of genotypes based on mean performance and stability. Genotype JG11 was identified as the most desirable, combining high shoot phosphorus concentration with minimal GEI, followed by IPC201170 and AGBL184. Environment-focused analysis identified Kalyani (2018–2019) as the most representative and discriminating test environment. Shoot phosphorus concentration was positively associated with seed yield per plant, and the trait showed high broad-sense heritability across the tested environments. These results demonstrate the value of integrating nutrient acquisition, yield association, and heritability estimates with stability analysis to support the selection of promising chickpea genotypes across the tested heterogeneous and low-input production environments.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148498913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Some objective functions and ideas to optimize experimental designs in artificial selection programs 人工选择程序中优化实验设计的一些目标函数和思路

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70337

Alexandre Colmant, Fabiano Pita, Giovanny Covarrubias-Pazaran

{"title":"Some objective functions and ideas to optimize experimental designs in artificial selection programs","authors":"Alexandre Colmant, Fabiano Pita, Giovanny Covarrubias-Pazaran","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70337","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70337","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental designs in artificial selection programs must balance limited resources with the need for accurate genetic evaluation across diverse environments. We propose a decision-point framework that decomposes the overall design process into sequential allocation steps, each optimized using objective functions based on representativeness. Using stochastic simulations, we evaluated how these objective functions influence accuracy and genetic gain across multiple design decisions. Key results emerged. First, the selection of a sufficiently large and representative set of environments had the greatest impact on across target population of environments (TPEs) accuracy. When the TPE was complex, sparse-testing strategies consistently outperformed fully balanced designs, even when total plot numbers were held constant. Second, environment selection using a modified optimal-contribution function (−q′Dq) outperformed random sampling, k-means, and hierarchical clustering, yielding up to a 20% gain in accuracy and reduced uncertainty. Third, once environments were fixed, the allocation of entries across environments had a moderate but meaningful effect, especially when genetic correlations varied widely across the TPE. Fourth, within-environment design decisions strongly influenced accuracy: optimal field size depended on the level of spatial heterogeneity, while replication had relatively limited impact when genomic relationship matrices were used. Finally, optimized spatial allocation improved accuracy under strong spatial noise, though at increased computational cost. Overall, this framework confirms prior findings while offering a practical and computationally efficient approach for optimizing phenotypic evaluations. By tailoring objective functions to specific decision points, breeding programs can improve accuracy, reduce risk, and make better use of limited resources.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of disease resistance in intermediate wheatgrass and genome-wide association for fusarium head blight-related traits 中间麦草的抗病性评价及赤霉病相关性状的全基因组关联

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70316

Leah K. Treffer, Jared Crain, Steve R. Larson, Yvonne A. Thompson, M. Kathryn Turner

{"title":"Evaluation of disease resistance in intermediate wheatgrass and genome-wide association for fusarium head blight-related traits","authors":"Leah K. Treffer, Jared Crain, Steve R. Larson, Yvonne A. Thompson, M. Kathryn Turner","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70316","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70316","url":null,"abstract":"Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey] is a promising perennial grain candidate that The Land Institute has been directly domesticating since 2001. Grain from improved IWG can be sold under the trademark Kernza. Resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a high priority trait to reduce toxin content of the grain and protect the value and seed supply of Kernza. We evaluated two breeding cycles of IWG from 2018 to 2022 with each cycle containing ∼500 unique genets to investigate disease response and identify chromosomal regions associated with disease resistance. Quantitative trait loci were mapped for 17 different traits using 32,067 markers in 21 linkage groups with genome-wide association analysis. A total of 188 unique marker-trait associations were detected across 14 different traits with five of these traits related to FHB resistance. We additionally used the basic local alignment search tool alignment creation tool to identify homologies between the Fhb1 region of wheat and the IWG genome, including an IWG GDSL-like lipase/Acylhydrolase gene (Thintv31194873.m.g) with similarity (query = 89%) to the Triticum aestivum Sumai 3 Fhb1 genomic sequence. Other candidate genes outside of the Fhb1 region were identified for Fusarium resistance with functions associated with toxin reduction and defense hormones and metabolites. These results provide loci that could be used in future selections to improve IWG's genetic resistance to FHB.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic gains in grain yield and harvest index over a decade in maize hybrids in India 十多年来，印度玉米杂交品种在粮食产量和收获指数方面的遗传收益

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70335

Mukesh Choudhary, C. M. Parihar, Bhupender Kumar, S. L. Jat, Deep Mohan Mahala, Pardeep Kumar, Hanuman Sahay Jat, O. P. Yadav

{"title":"Genetic gains in grain yield and harvest index over a decade in maize hybrids in India","authors":"Mukesh Choudhary, C. M. Parihar, Bhupender Kumar, S. L. Jat, Deep Mohan Mahala, Pardeep Kumar, Hanuman Sahay Jat, O. P. Yadav","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70335","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70335","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal crop globally, and its productivity has significantly improved over the decades due to the adoption of single-cross hybrids and targeted breeding strategies. This study is the first in India to quantify genetic gains in maize over time by evaluating hybrids released between 2005 and 2014 from both public and private sectors. Thirty maize hybrids were tested for grain yield (GY) and harvest index (HI) across multiple seasons. The results showed significantly modest genetic improvements for GY and HI, with newer/modern hybrids outperforming older ones. Annual genetic gains were estimated at 1.3% for GY (56.34 kg ha−1 year−1) and 1.02% for HI (0.004 units year−1). GY was closely correlated with HI, indicating simultaneous improvement and correlated response in yield and HI gains. While private-sector hybrids performed slightly better, public-sector hybrids remained competitive. Overall, the findings highlight the success of India's maize breeding efforts and point to the importance of selecting for GY and HI to achieve further progress. This work lays a strong foundation for developing the next generation of high-yielding maize hybrids.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0