Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Recurrent selection for broad-spectrum resistance to anthracnose in common bean","authors":"Larissa C. Costa,&nbsp;Magno A. P. Ramalho,&nbsp;Ângela F. B. Abreu,&nbsp;Elaine A. Souza","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21319","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recurrent selection is an effective and well-known breeding method recommended for quantitative traits. However, the method has not been applied so far for traits typically controlled by numerous major loci, which is the case of resistance to anthracnose in common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.). In this study, we report the effectiveness of a recurrent selection program in developing common bean progenies with resistance to multiple races of <i>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</i>, the causal agent of anthracnose in this crop. A total of 10 common bean lines, with distinct and complementary resistance profiles to races 65, 73, 81, and 89 of <i>C. lindemuthianum</i>, were intercrossed to establish a base population (Cycle 0). From Cycle 0, five iterative cycles of recombination, inoculation, and selection were carried out. Our results demonstrate that this recurrent selection approach can effectively combine resistance in common bean to different isolates from multiple races of <i>C. lindemuthianum</i>. A progressive increase in the number of progenies resistant to a higher number of <i>C. lindemuthianum</i> isolates was observed over the selection cycles. The genetic gain from CI to CV was 38.75% when the progenies were evaluated against a mixture of isolates from the four races of the pathogen. The reliance on specific genes makes race-specific anthracnose resistance in common bean vulnerable to breakdown. By allowing optimal combinations of different anthracnose resistance genes, this dynamic recurrent selection approach is an attractive option for the development of common bean cultivars with increased stability and durability for anthracnose resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"64 6","pages":"3073-3085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating canopy morphology as predictive indicators of shade tolerance in three warm-season turfgrass species","authors":"Lisa L. Baxter,&nbsp;J. L. Fox,&nbsp;D. Jespersen,&nbsp;J. L. Snider,&nbsp;J. Zhang,&nbsp;Brian M. Schwartz","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21331","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improving shade tolerance is critical for development of new turfgrass cultivars in the United States. Comparing turfgrass coverage under reduced sun exposure is a popular and effective method for determining shade tolerance, but requires years to evaluate. The objectives were to (i) compare phenotypical differences of experimental genotypes and cultivars of bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon</i> spp.), St. Augustinegrass (<i>Stenotaphrum secundatum</i>), and zoysiagrass (<i>Zoysia</i> spp.) grown under 73% shade and (ii) identify whether genetic improvement for shade adaptation was made in these species. This 3-year study conducted in Tifton, GA, found phenotypic differences among genotypes within species for turfgrass coverage when exposed to 73% shade. The experimental bermudagrass, 11-T-56, possessed the superior combination of high green turfgrass coverage, low canopy height, and season long dark green color under shade. Experimental genotypes in St. Augustinegrass exhibited genetic improvement compared to commercially available cultivars; however, these genotypes should be examined under more intense shade to elicit differences before further selection. Performance of experimental zoysiagrass genotypes from several turfgrass breeding programs did not indicate significant improvement in the shade persistence within <i>Zoysia</i> spp. There appears to be genetic differences in the speed at which newer zoysiagrasses can initially spread by rhizomes and stolons when grown under shade. Further research should be conducted to determine if juvenile growth is an indicator of shade tolerance under natural tree shade or structures. Overall, results indicated that canopy heights cannot be used to directly predict shade tolerance but can be used to identify turfgrasses with reduced mowing frequency requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"64 6","pages":"3583-3593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.21331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the development of a cross-compatibility framework to enhance the utilization of peanut CWRs","authors":"A. V. García,&nbsp;L. Chalup,&nbsp;J. G. Seijo","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21332","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Utilizing valuable genes and alleles from crop wild relatives (CWRs) and transferring them to elite varieties requires a thorough understanding of species cross compatibility and reproductive systems. In this review, we examine interspecific crossing among peanut CWRs, chromosome pairing during meiosis, and pollen viability of Filial 1 hybrids. We analyze each parameter in relation to phylogenetic distances and current taxonomic and genomic classification, aiming to develop a cross-compatibility scheme for the crop's secondary gene pool. Analysis of passport information and species names from research groups worldwide over the past 60 years revealed diverse frequencies of genome combinations (17) and species (26) used in hybridization assays. However, only eight species accounted for nearly 50% of successful hybridizations. In intragenomic hybrids, bivalent frequency ranged from 9.1 to 10, with pollen viability typically between 30% and 60%. Intergenomic hybrids exhibited bivalent frequency between 4.8 and 8.5, with pollen viability below 10%. Outliers were observed in the various parameters and hybrids were analyzed. Phylogenetic distance presented an inverse relationship with all variables; the correlation was low with crossing success while moderate with bivalent frequency and pollen viability. These findings suggest that differences in DNA sequences are not the sole determinants of interspecific cross-compatibility, indicating the presence of pre- or postzygotic hybridization barriers. This organized information is crucial for establishing a framework to facilitate the rational selection of parents with desired traits and appropriate genome combinations, ultimately aiding in the development of new amphidiploids compatible with peanut varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"64 6","pages":"2961-2976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effects of water deficit and nitrogen deficiency on photosynthesis, its underlying component processes, and carbon loss processes in cotton","authors":"Ved Parkash,&nbsp;John L. Snider,&nbsp;Gurpreet Virk","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21328","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought stress and nitrogen (N) deficiency are important abiotic stresses that severely limit net photosynthetic rate (<i>A</i>_N). A number of studies have investigated the underlying physiological limitations to <i>A</i>_N in response to water deficit or N deficiency; however, the relative sensitivities of photosynthetic component processes and carbon loss processes to combined drought and N deficiency in field-grown cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) have not been explored. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of combined water deficit and nitrogen deficiency on the underlying physiological processes driving <i>A</i>_N in field-grown cotton. Water-deficit stress caused substantial reductions in <i>A</i>_N, but reductions in <i>A</i>_N were greater under optimum N conditions (74%) than under N deficiency (22%). Decreased CO₂ diffusion, RuBP regeneration, and Rubisco carboxylation were major contributors to a decline in <i>A</i>_N due to water-deficit stress. Reductions in Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration were the greatest drivers of N deficiency-induced decline in <i>A</i>_N. Lower CO₂ diffusion and Rubisco carboxylation were main constraints to <i>A</i>_N due to combined water deficit and N deficiency. Regarding carbon loss processes, both dark respiration and photorespiration under water-deficit stress or N deficiency, and only photorespiration under combined water deficit and N deficiency, contributed to declines in <i>A</i>_N. Increased non-photochemical quenching and/or photorespiration prevented photoinhibition of photosystem II under stress conditions. Overall, response of photosynthesis to water-deficit stress was dependent on N availability, and rate-limiting physiological processes contributing to declines in <i>A</i>_N were dependent on the type of prevailing stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"64 6","pages":"3480-3501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.21328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant breeding simulations with AlphaSimR","authors":"Jon Bančič, Philip Greenspoon, R. Chris Gaynor, Gregor Gorjanc","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21312","url":null,"abstract":"Plant breeding plays a crucial role in the development of high-performing crop varieties that meet the demands of society. Emerging breeding techniques offer the potential to improve the precision and efficiency of plant breeding programs; however, their optimal implementation requires refinement of existing breeding programs or the design of new ones. Stochastic simulations are a cost-effective solution for testing and optimizing new breeding strategies. The aim of this paper is to provide an introduction to stochastic simulation with software AlphaSimR for plant breeding students, researchers, and experienced breeders. We present an overview of how to use the software and provide an introductory AlphaSimR vignette as well as complete AlphaSimR scripts of breeding programs for self-pollinated, clonal, and hybrid crops, including relevant breeding techniques, such as backcrossing, speed breeding, genomic selection, index selection, and others. Our objective is to provide a foundation for understanding and utilizing simulation software, enabling readers to adapt the provided scripts for their own use or even develop completely new plant breeding programs. By incorporating simulation software into plant breeding education and practice, the next generation of plant breeders will have a valuable tool in their quest to provide sustainable and nutritious food sources for a growing population.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in predicted deleterious mutations among barley accessions conserved ex situ","authors":"Yong-Bi Fu","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21325","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the genetic cost for long-term conservation of more than 7 million plant germplasm accessions in 1750 genebanks worldwide requires knowledge about the extent and variation of deleterious mutations within and among conserved germplasm collections. Our recent study revealed a wide range of mutations predicted to be deleterious to gene function and averaged sample-wise mutation burden per deleterious locus across barley, wheat, oat, soybean, maize, rapa, and sunflower germplasm collections. Here we report the extent and variation of predicted deleterious mutations among nine accessions of a barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) collection from an RNA-Seq analysis of 16 individual samples of each accession. The assayed accessions were found to vary significantly in the number and proportion of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predicted to be deleterious mutations (ranging from 242 to 314 with a mean of 270 and from 0.00073 to 0.00099 with a mean of 0.00086, respectively). Similarly, a significant variation was also observed in the averaged sample-wise mutation burden estimates per deleterious locus, ranging from 0.541 to 0.747 with a mean of 0.681. Cultivar accessions had higher averages in the proportions of the predicted deleterious SNPs and in the averaged sample-wise mutation burden estimates than landrace accessions (0.00090 vs. 0.00082 and 0.695 vs. 0.663, respectively). The estimates of deleterious base-substitution mutations (×10⁻⁸) for the nine accessions varied from 0.313 to 0.406 with a mean of 0.349. These within-collection findings are useful for understanding the genetic cost in conserved germplasm and have implications for long-term germplasm management and conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"64 6","pages":"3372-3380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.21325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of intercropping with Fenlong tillage “145” mode on ratoon sugarcane photosynthesis, growth, and yield","authors":"Weicong Zeng,&nbsp;Ruiling Li,&nbsp;Zhigang Li,&nbsp;Benhui Wei,&nbsp;Shuifang Zhu,&nbsp;Haiwei Chu,&nbsp;Chenjie Lan,&nbsp;Ruchuan Li,&nbsp;Shijian Han,&nbsp;Suli Li","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21316","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil compaction and resource competition are bottlenecks in the improvement of sugarcane productivity in intercropping systems. Fenlong tillage improves crop yields by alleviating soil compaction and ensuring water supply. Wide-narrow rows are an effective solution for light competition. An efficient intercropping system with Fenlong tillage technology as the core needs to be constructed. A two-cycle field study was conducted to investigate the effects of planting methods [sole ratoon sugarcane (S) and ratoon sugarcane-soybean intercropping (I)] combined with tillage [conventional rotary tillage (RT), Fenlong tillage “145” mode (FL145)] on soil physical characteristics, photosynthesis, and growth of ratoon sugarcane, as well as crop yields. For the ratoon sugarcane, compared to RT-I, FL145-I decreased bulk density and increased porosity in the 0–40 cm soil layer. Root growth parameters were improved under FL145-I in the 0–20 cm soil layer. FL145-I positively affected the stomatal conductance, causing increases in the net photosynthetic and transpiration rates. The increased leaf area index, chlorophyll relative content, and photosynthesis under FL145-I caused higher dry matter accumulation. The increased single stalk weight under FL145-I resulted in 17.13%–22.55% higher stalk yield with similar quality. Intercropping under the wide-narrow row planting pattern had no negative effects on the growth and stalk yield of ratoon sugarcane. For the soybean, compared to RT-I, the increased 100-seed weight under FL145-I resulted in 11.14% higher seed yield with similar quality. Therefore, FL145-I presents a promising and novel management practice for sustainably increasing ratoon sugarcane productivity in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"64 6","pages":"3552-3571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QTL mapping of preharvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat population SHA3/CBRD by Naxos confirms a negative effect of the 1BL.1RS translocation on falling number","authors":"Most Champa Begum, Tatiana Belova, Jon Arne Dieseth, Ennian Yang, Ellen Færgestad Mosleth, Anne Kjersti Uhlen, Morten Lillemo","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21320","url":null,"abstract":"Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is a serious problem in wheat (<jats:italic>Triticum aestivum</jats:italic> L.) production areas with rainy harvest conditions. To explore the genetic control of PHS resistance, a population of 166 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between SHA3/CBRD and Naxos was evaluated in a total of eight field trials in Norway and China. PHS resistance was evaluated with both germination index (GI) and falling number (FN). A total of 15 PHS‐related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected at chromosome arms 1RS, 2DL, 3BL, 4AL, 4BS, and 7BL. At 2DL and 3BL, QTLs for both GI and FN were detected in proximity to each other with PHS resistance from SHA3/CBRD, indicating a common genetic control of the two traits at these loci. At 4AL, a significant QTL for GI was detected with seed dormancy contributed by Naxos. Moreover, the <jats:italic>Rht‐B1b</jats:italic> dwarfing allele contributed by SHA3/CBRD showed a positive association with FN. On the other hand, <jats:italic>QFN.nmbu‐1RS</jats:italic>, carried by the 1BL.1RS translocation in SHA3/CBRD showed consistent negative effects on FN across all field trials where FN was measured. However, it did not have any notable effect on GI. The negative effect of <jats:italic>QFN.nmbu‐1RS</jats:italic> on FN was validated on a set of 113 wheat cultivars and breeding lines, where lines carrying the 1BL.1RS translocation showed significantly lower FN in 12 out of 14 independent field trials. The QTL and associated markers identified in this study will aid the breeding of more PHS‐resistant wheat cultivars.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root phenotyping and plant breeding of crops for enhanced ecosystem services","authors":"Alexandra J. Griffin, Jacob M. Jungers, Prabin Bajgain","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21315","url":null,"abstract":"Diversifying and perennializing cropping systems can increase productivity while supporting ecosystem services such as soil protection, nutrient retention, and greenhouse gas mitigation. New crops can help achieve these goals, and advanced computational tools allow plant breeders to rapidly domesticate new crops and select for many traits that support both ecosystem services and profitable production. Intermediate wheatgrass [<jats:italic>Thinopyrum intermedium</jats:italic> (Host.) Barkworth. &amp; D.R. Dewey; IWG] is a cool‐season perennial grass undergoing domestication to function as a perennial grain crop. Key aboveground domestication traits have been improved to support economically viable yields using genomic selection. However, few studies have quantified belowground traits despite their potential role in conferring ecosystem services. We present a platform for using minirhizotron cameras and machine learning software to analyze rhizotron images for inclusion in genomic selection models. The strength and direction of pairwise correlations between traits were variable with correlation coefficients (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>) ranging from −0.27 to 0.99. Grain yield was positively, although weakly, correlated with total root length, area, and volume (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.21, 0.21, and 0.19, respectively). Estimates of narrow sense heritabilities ranged from 0.41 to 0.76 for all traits and 0.46 to 0.66 for root traits. Root trait predictions using a genomic prediction model, measured by correlating model‐predicted values and field‐observed values, ranged from 0.08 to 0.23. Aboveground traits were better predicted (0.17 &lt; <jats:italic>r </jats:italic>&lt; 0.33). Simply selecting for aboveground traits could result in populations with desirable root traits, but our results demonstrate the potential for genomic selection to aid in advancing populations with specific root traits important for ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability of athletic field turf comparing organic and synthetic practices under two heights of cut","authors":"William M. Dest, J. Scott Ebdon","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21317","url":null,"abstract":"Long‐term comparisons over several years between organic and synthetic management are lacking in sports turf research. Our objective was to investigate playing surface qualities and soil properties over an 8‐year period. For this trial, Kentucky bluegrass (KBG, <jats:italic>Poa pratensis</jats:italic> L.) sod was established and annually inter‐seeded with perennial ryegrass (<jats:italic>Lolium perenne</jats:italic> L.) and KBG. Factors included height of cut (3.2 and 6.4 cm) and management systems (MSs; synthetic and organic) with three replicates. Synthetic practices included chemical fertilizers and pesticides, while the organic system used hand‐weeding and biological fertilizers (leaf compost and naturally derived organics) with biological controls. In all years, wear was simulated in the fall using a slip‐wear machine and evaluated for playing qualities including visual wear tolerance, ball bounce (BB), surface hardness, and traction. Soil properties were evaluated in some years including pH, soil organic matter (SOM), soil bulk density, soil aggregate stability (SAG), and soil available P. Both MS received the same total N of 196 kg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> year<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> but P applied varied with the MS (synthetic, 7.6 kg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> year<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>; organic, 23.2 kg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> year<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). Synthetic practices provided acceptable visual wear tolerance (1–9, ≥6 acceptable) in 4 of 8 years compared to only 1 year for organic practices. Shorter cut grass (3.2 cm) consistently provided better visual wear tolerance (average = 5.6), harder surfaces (average = 51 <jats:italic>g</jats:italic>), and higher BB (average = 35.8%) consistent with accepted player standards. Synthetic practices afforded better tolerance to wear compared to organic practices in 5 of 8 years but little difference was observed in the other surface properties. Organic practices were consistently above 6.0 in soil pH (higher by 12%), 20% higher in soil available P, 25% higher in SOM, and with lower soil bulk density. SAG was higher following 8 years of simulated traffic by the last year of the test under organic practices. Results suggest competing benefits with synthetic practices affording better wear tolerance while organic practices promote better soil health.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}