Crop Science最新文献_第10页

Simulating sagebrush–cheatgrass plant community biomass production in the Great Basin using ALMANAC 利用ALMANAC模拟大盆地山艾草植物群落生物量生产

IF 2 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21440

Merilynn C. Schantz, James R. Kiniry, Amber S. Williams, Kelly R. Thorp, Beth Newingham, Stuart P. Hardegree, C. Jason Williams, Kirk W. Davies, Roger L. Sheley

{"title":"Simulating sagebrush–cheatgrass plant community biomass production in the Great Basin using ALMANAC","authors":"Merilynn C. Schantz, James R. Kiniry, Amber S. Williams, Kelly R. Thorp, Beth Newingham, Stuart P. Hardegree, C. Jason Williams, Kirk W. Davies, Roger L. Sheley","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21440","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21440","url":null,"abstract":"Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is a widespread species of concern throughout the western US, as it dominates many low-elevation rangelands and continues to spread annually. As a winter annual grass, however, cheatgrass can produce high-quality and cheap protein forage for livestock early in the growing season. Estimating biomass can lead to better management in these western United States and Great Basin plant communities. The present study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of biomass simulations in Great Basin plant communities using the process-based Agricultural Land Management Alternative with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) model as it simulates biomass production and competing species interactions. For this study, data were used from the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project to simulate cheatgrass, perennial grass, forb, and sagebrush biomass across three community types: native, invaded, and a co-dominated community of sagebrush, perennial grasses, cheatgrass, and forbs at six representative Great Basin sites from 2006 to 2018. Our results indicated a strong relationship between simulated and measured biomass of total cheatgrass and perennial grasses across the three plant communities. Sagebrush and forb biomass were poorly simulated across most plant community types. Model accuracy also varied by site, largely depending on elevation. We saw high variability in simulated biomass across years, likely because of the single point-in-time measurements at peak biomass and the low biomass values of cheatgrass and forbs. Collectively, ALMANAC shows potential for assessing biomass production and plant interactions but will require more data and model development to fully comprehend its utility.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.21440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic prediction of metabolic content in rice grain in response to warmer night conditions 水稻籽粒代谢含量在温暖夜间条件下的基因组预测

IF 2 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21435

Ye Bi, Harkamal Walia, Toshihiro Obata, Gota Morota

{"title":"Genomic prediction of metabolic content in rice grain in response to warmer night conditions","authors":"Ye Bi, Harkamal Walia, Toshihiro Obata, Gota Morota","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21435","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21435","url":null,"abstract":"It has been argued that metabolic content can be used as a selection marker to accelerate crop improvement because metabolic profiles in crops are often under genetic control. Evaluating the role of genetics in metabolic variation is a long-standing challenge. Rice, one of the world's most important staple crops, is known to be sensitive to recent increases in nighttime temperatures. Quantification of metabolic levels can help measure rice responses to high night temperature (HNT) stress. However, the extent of metabolic variation that can be explained by regression on whole-genome molecular markers remains to be evaluated. In the current study, we generated metabolic profiles for mature grains from a subset of rice diversity panel accessions grown under optimal and HNT conditions. Metabolite accumulation was low to moderately heritable, and genomic prediction accuracies of metabolite accumulation were within the expected upper limit set by their genomic heritability estimates. Genomic heritability estimates were slightly higher in the control group than in the HNT group. Genomic correlation estimates for the same metabolite accumulation between the control and HNT conditions indicated the presence of genotype-by-environment interactions. Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces regression and image-based deep learning improved prediction accuracy, suggesting that some metabolite levels are under non-additive genetic control. Joint analysis of multiple metabolite accumulation simultaneously was effective in improving prediction accuracy by exploiting correlations among metabolites. The current study serves as an important first step in evaluating the cumulative effect of markers in influencing metabolic variation under control and HNT conditions.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.21435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and validation of a quantitative PCR assay method to assess relative resistance of winter wheat to dwarf bunt at early growth stages 建立和验证冬小麦生长早期对矮秆病相对抗性的定量PCR检测方法

IF 2 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21422

Belayneh A. Yimer, Rachel Patterson, Margaret R. Krause, Juliet Marshall

{"title":"Development and validation of a quantitative PCR assay method to assess relative resistance of winter wheat to dwarf bunt at early growth stages","authors":"Belayneh A. Yimer, Rachel Patterson, Margaret R. Krause, Juliet Marshall","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21422","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21422","url":null,"abstract":"Dwarf bunt, caused by Tilletia controversa, is a major biotic constraint and grain contaminant in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The conventional approach for evaluating dwarf bunt resistance in wheat cannot be conducted until maturity. Hence, there is a need to develop a method to determine host resistance at an earlier growth stage. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed for the quantification of T. controversa biomass in wheat plants that correlates fungal DNA (fDNA) content in the host tissue with host resistance. A previously developed pathogen primer–probe set and host primer pairs as well as a new host probe were used in this study. The respective primer–probe sets were specific to T. controversa and wheat, respectively. The qPCR assay amplified as little as 0.05 pg of fDNA. The assay was validated in field evaluations conducted in a dwarf bunt nursery in Logan, UT, using susceptible and resistant wheat varieties. The assay detected fDNA in both susceptible varieties at all growth stages. In the resistant varieties, fDNA was detected in the first leaves of all varieties, but only a single plant of the resistant variety Juniper exhibited fDNA at the third leaf stage. There was no fDNA detection in plants beyond the third leaf in any of the resistant varieties. These results established the proof of concept that the qPCR technique is rapid, highly sensitive, and easily applicable for the evaluation of dwarf bunt resistance in wheat at an earlier growth stage and may significantly reduce the time required to develop resistant varieties compared to the conventional method.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.21422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forage production in tall fescue and kikuyugrass mixed swards subjected to different defoliation strategies 不同落叶策略对高羊茅和菊草混交林牧草产量的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21427

Fábio L. Winter, Maria G. Pittaro, Daniel Schmitt, Valentina Y. M. Moncada, Guilherme R. de Mello, Tiago Miqueloto, Angela Bernardon, Daniel A. Barreta, Pedro A. Garzón-Camacho, André F. Sbrissia

{"title":"Forage production in tall fescue and kikuyugrass mixed swards subjected to different defoliation strategies","authors":"Fábio L. Winter, Maria G. Pittaro, Daniel Schmitt, Valentina Y. M. Moncada, Guilherme R. de Mello, Tiago Miqueloto, Angela Bernardon, Daniel A. Barreta, Pedro A. Garzón-Camacho, André F. Sbrissia","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21427","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21427","url":null,"abstract":"In some temperate climate regions, co-cultivation of warm- and cool-season perennial grass species represents a promising alternative for sustainable food production. However, managing these pastures is challenging, particularly because of intra-annual competition, which can lead to some species suppressing others. This 3-year study investigated the effects of different defoliation strategies on mixed pastures composed of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceum Schreb; Tf) and kikuyugrass (Cenchrus clandestinus Hochst. ex Chiov; Ky). Treatments were factorial combinations (two × two) of pre-grazing canopy heights (15 and 20 cm) and the presence or absence of a single clean-up grazing event during the spring (SCG). Pre-grazing canopy height and SCG significantly influenced annual forage accumulation (p < 0.05), but there was no interaction between them (p > 0.05). Swards managed at 20 cm or subjected to SCG presented a 10% greater forage production (approximately 15,432 kg DM ha−1) than those managed at 15 cm or without SCG (14,067 kg DM ha−1). All the treatments presented higher intra- and inter-annual stability in forage production (<30% coefficient of variation). The greater annual forage accumulation was mostly attributed to increments in Tf leaf area index and Ky tiller population density over the seasons. Our study demonstrated that in a mixed sward of warm- and cool-season perennial grasses, both the pre-grazing canopy height and the presence of an SCG influence year-round forage production by changing their canopy attributes.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promoting rapeseed yield: Improving canopy structure and formation of large pod via adjusting planting density 提高油菜籽产量：通过调整种植密度改善冠层结构，形成大荚果

IF 2 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21428

Long Wang, Yiyang Li, Chen Qian, Jing Li, Guobing Lin, Wenting Qu, Yan Wang, Yaowei Lin, Yihang Huang, Jingdong Zheng, Jingjing You, Qingsong Zuo

{"title":"Promoting rapeseed yield: Improving canopy structure and formation of large pod via adjusting planting density","authors":"Long Wang, Yiyang Li, Chen Qian, Jing Li, Guobing Lin, Wenting Qu, Yan Wang, Yaowei Lin, Yihang Huang, Jingdong Zheng, Jingjing You, Qingsong Zuo","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21428","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21428","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing planting density is a common practice to enhance rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield via an increase in pod quantity. However, excessive density may lead to a deterioration in pod quality. Therefore, we hypothesized that improving pod quality based on a certain level of pod quantity could further increase seed yield. A randomized block experiment was conducted with five density levels (2.4, 3.6, 4.8, 6.0, and 7.2 × 105 plants ha−1, referred to as D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) using two hybrid varieties of Qinyou10 and Ningza1838. The plot seed yield reached the maximum value in D2 or D3, and there was no significant difference between these two density levels. An increase in planting density resulted in a decrease in canopy thickness, but an increase in lodging angle and pod density. According to the number of seeds per pod, the pods were categorized into low-productive pod (≤14), middle-productive pod (15‒17), and high-productive pod (≥18). The number of high-productive pod in D2 and D3 ranged from 48.15 × 106 to 54.22 × 106 ha−1, accounting for 53.76%‒63.28% of the total pod number and 76.89%‒82.83% of the total seed yield. With the planting density increasing from D3 to D5, there was a significant transition from high-productive pod to middle-productive and low-productive pods, causing a decrease in seed yield. Therefore, when the seed yield was targeted as 4500 kg ha−1, the suitable planting density ranged from 3.6 × 105 to 4.8 × 105 plants ha−1, and the optimal number of pods in population ranged from 83.0 × 106 to 94.0 × 106 ha−1, and the quantity proportion of high-productive pod maintained >50%. This study provides a guide for high-yield cultivation of rapeseed in China and presents a novel approach to promoting a potential yield of rapeseed.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Velvet: An alternative high-yielding peppermint clone for oil production 天鹅绒：一种替代性的高产量薄荷克隆油生产

IF 2 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21421

Nestor Kippes, Darrin Culp, Robert G. Wilson, Eric Dowd, Luca Comai, Isabelle M. Henry

{"title":"Velvet: An alternative high-yielding peppermint clone for oil production","authors":"Nestor Kippes, Darrin Culp, Robert G. Wilson, Eric Dowd, Luca Comai, Isabelle M. Henry","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21421","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21421","url":null,"abstract":"Peppermint oil is one of the most widely recognized natural flavors. It is mainly produced commercially by extraction from two main types of cultivars: Black Mitcham (Mentha × piperita L.), a sterile polyploid and the backbone of peppermint oil production in the United States, and Arvensis (Mentha arvensis L.), the main cultivar used for peppermint oil extraction in India. Here, we present the identification of an accession called Velvet that is publicly available at the US National Plant Germplasm System and exhibits potential as an alternative peppermint-type oil producer. Despite its original classification as a diploid, we found that Velvet exhibits a nuclear DNA content close to that of Black Mitcham and higher than those of diploid and tetraploid mint accessions, suggesting a high ploidy level. A trial for cut date optimization suggested that one cut, between 117 and 124 days after sowing, is the optimal strategy for oil production. Analytic profiles of the oil produced by Velvet across years confirmed that Velvet produces a peppermint-type oil with high menthol content (67%), and an overall oil profile similar but distinguishable from that produced by Mentha arvensis clones. Multi-year field trials showed that Velvet exhibits great potential for mint oil production, with up to 38% yield increase compared to the control, Black Mitcham. The identification of an additional peppermint-type oil producer presents new opportunities for farmers and the mint industry in their search for new superior clones, but also new germplasm to help decipher the genetic basis underlying peppermint oil production.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.21421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the usefulness of genomic selection for rice ratoon performance in early breeding stages 基因组选择在水稻早期繁殖阶段的有用性

IF 2 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21420

Karina Lima Reis Borges, Maria Guadalupe Montiel, Tommaso Cerioli, Brijesh Angira, Adam Famoso, Roberto Fritsche-Neto

{"title":"On the usefulness of genomic selection for rice ratoon performance in early breeding stages","authors":"Karina Lima Reis Borges, Maria Guadalupe Montiel, Tommaso Cerioli, Brijesh Angira, Adam Famoso, Roberto Fritsche-Neto","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21420","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21420","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ratooning, a sustainable production system involves regrowing a second rice crop and it is a very common practice in southwest United States. Employing modern tools such as genomic selection (GS) can enhance breeding efficiency by enabling early selection. The Louisiana State University Rice Breeding Program has traditionally focused on developing superior varieties for the Louisiana's rice industry, however ratoon (RT) performance has typically been considered only in the late breeding stages, when there is little genetic variability available, and all the previous selections were made based on other qualitative and quantitative traits. Therefore, we aimed to verify if our pipeline for variety development is efficient in simultaneously selecting top grain yield performance lines for both harvest seasons: the main crop (H1) and the RT. In this context, we tested the following approaches: 1) Selection index, 2) Indirect selection, and 3) GS. Grain yield data evaluated over three years and three locations from the MP6-8 population was used in this study. The results highlighted the genetic potential to be explored and the reliability of the data quality. Despite the low phenotypic and genotypic correlations between the first and second harvests (0.11 and 0.12, respectively), the plant response indices proved inefficient for dual-season selection. Consequently, genotype ranking changed between harvest seasons, suggesting their relative independence. In simpler terms, the genotype that yields the highest productivity for H1 may not necessarily be the same for RT. Our study highlights the feasibility of using GS tools to perform early selections for RT and underscores it as a target trait in the breeding decision-making process.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discriminatory dose determination for DMI fungicides for Clarireedia jacksonii and mycelial growth variation across active ingredients DMI杀菌剂对杰克逊Clarireedia的鉴别剂量测定及不同有效成分的菌丝生长变化

IF 2 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21418

M. M. Kahiu, J. E. Kaminski

{"title":"Discriminatory dose determination for DMI fungicides for Clarireedia jacksonii and mycelial growth variation across active ingredients","authors":"M. M. Kahiu, J. E. Kaminski","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21418","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21418","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to cultural practices, dollar spot disease management requires frequent application of fungicides. Demethylation inhibitor (DMIs) fungicides are applied repeatedly to manage dollar spot in turfgrass systems. This facilitates reduction in DMI fungicide sensitivity among Clarireedia spp. populations. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify EC50 and relative mycelial growth (RMG) values for Clarireedia spp. across nine commercially available DMI fungicides, (2) determine the discriminatory dose for each of these fungicides, and (3) elucidate differences among isolates exhibiting varying degrees of sensitivity to propiconazole across all commercially available DMI fungicides. Discriminatory doses were determined to be 0.01 for propiconazole and prothioconazole, 0.1 for flutriafol and tebuconazole, and 1.0 µg active ingredient (a.i.) mL−1 potato dextrose agar for triadimefon, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, triticonazole, and myclobutanil. Mefentrifluconazole completely inhibited mycelial growth of sensitive isolates. There were varying levels of mycelia suppression across highly insensitive isolates (RMG > 80%). Across highly insensitive isolates, prothioconazole provided the least suppression of growth, while mefentrifluconazole and myclobutanil provided the highest suppression of mycelial growth. However, none of the fungicides completely inhibited mycelial growth of the moderately sensitive and highly insensitive isolates. Results suggest variable suppression may exist among commercially available DMIs among sensitive and insensitive isolates of Clarireedia jacksonii.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.21418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agronomic value of alfalfa semi-hybrids across contrasting Italian environments 苜蓿半杂交种在意大利不同环境下的农艺价值

IF 2 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21425

Paolo Annicchiarico, Luciano Pecetti, Nicolò Franguelli

{"title":"Agronomic value of alfalfa semi-hybrids across contrasting Italian environments","authors":"Paolo Annicchiarico, Luciano Pecetti, Nicolò Franguelli","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21425","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21425","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) semi-hybrids of genetically distant material may display heterosis, but their agronomic value is hardly known. Our study evaluated two two-way and one three-way semi-hybrids and two synthetic varieties for 3-year herbage dry-matter yield (DMY) in four agricultural environments of Northern Italy formed by the factorial combination of irrigated or rain-fed cropping by pure stand (PS) or mixed stand (MS) with vigorous grasses to verify (1) the yield advantage of semi-hybrid material and (2) the ability of a phenotyping platform with eight managed environments used in a prior study to reproduce the population adaptive responses in agricultural environments. The semi-hybrids derived from putative heterotic populations selected from Italian germplasm, Egyptian germplasm, and a semi-erect pool from Eastern Europe, Canada, and Spanish Mielga germplasm. The three-way semi-hybrid showed wide adaptation and over 17% greater DMY than a variety selected from the Italian genetic base (set as a reference for synthetic variety breeding). The two-way semi-hybrids showed specific adaptation to the irrigated MS environment (where alfalfa was outcompeted) or PS environments that agreed with features of their exotic parent population, and over 19% greater yield than the reference synthetic variety in the environments where they were specifically adapted. The phenotyping platform reproduced largely the population × environment interaction effects across agricultural environments.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.21425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

As grain mineral densities have declined over time, have densities converged across wheat classes?—Insights from the US Pacific Northwest and worldwide benchmarks 随着时间的推移，谷物矿物密度已经下降，密度是否在小麦类别之间趋同？-来自美国太平洋西北地区和全球基准的见解

IF 2 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21409

Curtis B. Adams, Teepakorn Kongraksawech, Andrew Ross, Dan S. Long, Clark Neely, Juliet Marshall, Ryan Graebner, Catherine L. Reardon, Xi Liang

{"title":"As grain mineral densities have declined over time, have densities converged across wheat classes?—Insights from the US Pacific Northwest and worldwide benchmarks","authors":"Curtis B. Adams, Teepakorn Kongraksawech, Andrew Ross, Dan S. Long, Clark Neely, Juliet Marshall, Ryan Graebner, Catherine L. Reardon, Xi Liang","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21409","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.21409","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have generally shown that grain mineral density is lower in modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) compared to historic germplasm. The conclusion of a limited study from the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) was that grain mineral density of soft white wheat (SWW) had declined over time to meet already-low mineral density of hard red wheat (HRW), though little else is known about this. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to better understand grain mineral density (P, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu) of modern PNW wheats, with subobjectives to compare SWW and HRW wheat classes to each other and worldwide benchmarks, quantify effects of agronomic factors on grain minerals, and evaluate minerals in refined flour. Results indicated whole-grain mineral density of PNW wheat was comparable to worldwide benchmark concentrations, with P and K most likely low, with no evidence of SWW and HRW class differences. Agronomically, there was significant variation in grain minerals among production sites and wheat varieties that could be utilized to generate mineral-enriched grain to feed malnourished populations. In the process of refining flour from whole grain, the minerals most reduced were P, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu (60%–90%). Refined flour mineral concentrations were largely unassociated with flour yield or quality parameters, suggesting that efforts to enhance mineral density will not affect other flour traits. Overall, these results illustrate that the mineral density of modern SWW and HRW produced in the PNW are comparable to each other and to wheat globally. Considering reported historical changes, these results suggest a modern, worldwide convergence in mineral density across wheat classes.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0