Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Maturity type and flowering date instability among serradella (Ornithopus spp.) cultivars","authors":"Richard J. Simpson,&nbsp;Suzanne P. Boschma,&nbsp;Daniel R. Kidd,&nbsp;Matthew T. Newell,&nbsp;Adam Stefanski,&nbsp;Rebecca E. Haling,&nbsp;Megan H. Ryan,&nbsp;Richard C. Hayes,&nbsp;Laura Goward","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grass-legume pastures on acid soils of the temperate/Mediterranean climatic zone (∼29 million ha) of southern Australia are based almost entirely on a single annual legume (subterranean clover; <i>Trifolium subterraneum</i> L.). Serradellas (<i>Ornithopus</i> spp.) are options for legume diversification. We assessed maturity type among current serradella cultivars to evaluate whether widespread use is possible. Cultivars of yellow (<i>Ornithopus compressus</i> L.), French (<i>Ornithopus sativus</i> Brot.), and slender serradella [<i>Ornithopus pinnatus</i> (Mill.) Druce], and five subterranean clover control cultivars were sown at four sites in late autumn 2017, and in early and late autumn 2018. We determined the date at which 50% of the plants representing each cultivar had produced their first flower. Maturity type (e.g., <i>early</i>-season, <i>mid</i>-season, and <i>late</i>-season) was determined by comparison with the clover controls. Serradella cultivars ranked consistently by median flowering date within sites in both years, but the maturity type of several cultivars differed between sites. Gaps in the maturity range of serradellas needed for southern Australia included <i>very</i>-<i>late</i> maturing yellow serradellas, and <i>very</i>-<i>early</i>, <i>late</i>, and <i>very</i>-<i>late</i> hardseeded French serradellas. Unlike the clovers, many serradellas did not flower at the same time in spring when sown at different times in autumn. This was of similar concern to gaps in the maturity-type range because unstable flowering confounded maturity type classification. We argue that unstable flowering dates may also adversely impact forage quality, seed production and legume persistence. New serradella cultivars should exhibit stable flowering dates to support their adaptation in grasslands where the commencement of autumn rainfall is highly variable.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A diagnostic marker for the Hessian fly resistance gene H13 in wheat","authors":"Xiao-Ting Xu,&nbsp;Xuming Liu,&nbsp;Ming-Shun Chen,&nbsp;Paul St. Amand,&nbsp;Lanfei Zhao,&nbsp;Mohamed Mergoum,&nbsp;Mary J. Guttieri,&nbsp;Guihua Bai","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hessian fly [HF; Mayetiola destructor (Say)] is a serious pest of wheat in the United States, and growing HF-resistant wheat cultivars is an effective approach to control the pest. <i>H13</i> from <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> is a resistance gene on chromosome 6D that shows high resistance to multiple HF biotypes; however, diagnostic markers are not available for selection of the gene. This study developed two kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers, <i>Kasp_H13_R1064*</i> and <i>Kasp_H13_R217K</i>, using the sequence of a previously reported <i>H13</i> candidate gene. Both markers showed the same segregation pattern in a Molly × Newton population and 38 lines that carry different named HF resistance genes. The resistance marker alleles were detected in Molly (<i>H13</i>), KS89WGRC03 (<i>H23</i>), and KS89WGRC04 (<i>Hwgrc4</i>) with the resistance genes all mapped on chromosome arm 6DS from <i>A. tauschii</i>. The results suggest those markers are near diagnostic for all three HF resistance genes and they are either allelic or tightly linked. <i>Kasp_H13_R1064*</i> was validated in a diversity panel from the major US wheat-growing areas and three wheat lines carrying <i>H13</i>. Further screening of wheat breeding lines from 2022 hard winter wheat (HWW) regional nurseries (RGON2022 and RPN2022; where RGON is the Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery and RPN is the Regional Performance Nursery) with <i>Kasp_H13_R1064*</i> did not detect <i>H13</i>, suggesting that <i>H13</i> has not been deployed in the current US HWW breeding programs. The resistance allele at <i>Kasp_H13_R1064*</i> was also relatively low (16.1%) in a worldwide <i>A. tauschii</i> collection. Development of the KASP marker for <i>H13</i> will facilitate deployment of the gene in wheat breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the hardening of the pericarp of mangosteen fruit after impact","authors":"Robert C. Herner,&nbsp;Saichol Ketsa","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mangosteen (<i>Garcinia mangostana</i> L.) is a tropical fruit that is grown commercially in many ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries. The fruit, with its attractive shape, unusual color, and unique taste, is becoming increasingly popular with consumers. The fruit has a thick pericarp that can protect the internal aril against improper postharvest handling, such as that from drops, abrasion, vibration, impact, and compression. However, such physical forces applied to any point on the surface of mangosteen fruit will induce rapid hardening of the affected regions of the pericarp. Mangosteen fruits that have hardening of the pericarp have lower overall postharvest fruit quality. The degree to which the pericarp is hardened after impact depends on maturity stage, impact severity, and oxygen availability. Lignin content of the impacted pericarp has been shown to increase rapidly concomitantly with a decrease in the total phenolic content. Pericarp hardening, therefore, is associated with lignin biosynthesis that involves the metabolism of specific phenolic compounds, key enzyme activities, and the related expression of regulatory genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New alleles of maturity genes that influence soybean phenology","authors":"Nathan P. Grant,&nbsp;Nicholas Dietz,&nbsp;Rachel Combs-Giroir,&nbsp;Kristin Bilyeu","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soybean [<i>Glycine</i> <i>max</i> (L.) Merr.] is a photoperiod-sensitive legume native to Asia and a major global commodity crop. Adapting flowering time to match production environments can help maximize yield potential by extending the reproductive phase while optimizing the vegetative phase length. One major flowering gene, <i>E1</i>, and its two homologues, <i>E1-like-A</i> (<i>E1LA</i>) and <i>E1-like-B</i> (<i>E1LB</i>), have functionally characterized alleles, but use in breeding programs is limited to mainly <i>e1-as</i> for earlier flowering in northern latitudes (&gt;36° N). Two new native alleles, <i>e1</i>:T110A and <i>e1lb</i>:S34R, are presented and characterized for their impact on days to flowering and maturity under maturity group III environments. Significant differences were observed between genotypes, and environment played a role in the lines under study. Lines with an <i>e1-as</i> background had the highest number of days in reproductive phase over our two environments; a line with allele <i>e1lb</i>:S34R (<i>e1-as</i> and <i>E1LA</i>) was inconsistent between years but had the longest reproductive phase in one environment. Overall, compared to soybean germplasm with functional <i>E1</i>, <i>E1LA</i>, and <i>E1LB</i>, lines with allele <i>e1</i>:T110A (<i>E1LA</i> and <i>E1LB)</i> were similar for days to flowering but matured, on average, 7 days earlier. Lines with previously characterized allele <i>e1la</i>:K82E (functional <i>E1</i> and <i>E1LB</i>) had similar days to flowering and maturity as the new <i>e1</i>:T110A (<i>E1LA</i> and <i>E1LB</i>). The line with <i>e1lb</i>:S34R flowered and matured earlier than lines with functional <i>E1LB</i> (<i>e1-as</i> and <i>E1LA</i>). These new alleles highlight the natural diversity that could be utilized to produce cultivars well suited for a local environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic mowing technology in turfgrass management: Past, present, and future","authors":"J. Scott McElroy,&nbsp;Michael Strickland,&nbsp;Lucas Ramon Teixeira Nunes,&nbsp;Simone Magni,&nbsp;Mattia Fontani,&nbsp;Marco Fontanelli,&nbsp;Marco Volterrani","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Robotic mowing equipment has rapidly increased in availability worldwide, but the first developed concepts for automating the mowing process are nearly 100 years old. The first attempt to commercialize a robotic mower was in the 1950s, with continued attempts to launch commercial products over subsequent decades. The two factors that most limited the evolution of robotic mowers over time were positioning (precise localization in space) and sensing (identification of objects surrounding the working robot). In the United States until 2023, technology was largely limited to wire-bound random movement robotic mowers. In 2023, global positioning system–real-time kinematic (GPS-RTK)-based positioning was launched in the United States, which was launched months earlier in Europe, allowing for precise positioning of robots and systematic movement within a work area, which increased efficiency. The addition of computer vision-based or light detection and ranging positioning and sensing that is currently being launched by new companies in 2024 will allow for simultaneous positioning and sensing, referred to as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The near future of positioning and sensing will likely be a combination of GPS-RTK merged with vision-based SLAM to improve accuracy when GPS-RTK signal is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding potential of cultivated lentil for increased protein and amino acid concentrations in the Northern Great Plains","authors":"Derek M. Wright,&nbsp;Jiayi Hang,&nbsp;James D. House,&nbsp;Kirstin E. Bett","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rising demand for plant-based proteins has intensified interest in pulse crops due to their high protein concentration. Few studies have evaluated protein and amino acid composition or variability in cultivated lentil (<i>Lens culinaris</i> Medik.). We evaluated protein and amino acid composition using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy in a diversity panel grown in four site-years in Saskatchewan, Canada, followed by genome-wide association analyses with phenology-related traits as covariates. We found little correlation between protein concentration and days from sowing to flowering, region of origin, cotyledon color, or seed size. Reproductive period was correlated with protein concentration, however. We also observed variability among environments and more variability within market classes than among them. We demonstrate the potential for breeders to identify adapted germplasm and select for increased protein and amino acid concentration and quality. We were able to identify several molecular markers for use in marker-assisted breeding to select for protein concentration or quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, function, and genetic variation of sorgoleone, the major biological nitrification inhibitor in sorghum","authors":"Sakiko Okumoto,&nbsp;Bal Maharjan,&nbsp;Nithya Rajan,&nbsp;Jing Xi,&nbsp;Scott R Baerson,&nbsp;William L Rooney,&nbsp;Michael J. Thomson,&nbsp;Damaris A Odeny,&nbsp;Tadashi Yoshihashi,&nbsp;Josh V Vermaas,&nbsp;Guntur V Subbarao","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sorghum is the third most important food crop, grown on nearly 40 million ha globally, and is known for its resilience under unfavorable conditions. Sorghum is reported to have a strong biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity in root systems, a plant function that suppresses soil nitrifier activity, which in turn prevents the nitrogen (N) loss by reducing nitrous oxide (N₂O), nitric oxide (NO) emission, and nitrate (NO₃⁻) leaching into water bodies. Sorgoleone, a major hydrophobic phytochemical released from sorghum roots, provides a significant part of BNI function in sorghum. The function of sorgoleone in suppressing nitrifying bacteria in pure cultures has been established. In addition, sorgoleone suppresses transformation of ammonium (NH₃) to NO₃⁻ and N₂O emissions from soils. Therefore, introducing high-sorgoleone phenotype into elite sorghum hybrids can increase nitrogen use efficiency while decreasing the environmental footprint of sorghum production systems. In recent years, significant progress has been made in identifying the mechanisms of sorgoleone production and secretion. Moreover, studies using both wild accessions and elite breeding materials reported significant genetic variation for sorgoleone secretion, and sorgoleone secretion was found to be highly heritable, making it a good target for breeding. This review distills the current understanding of sorgoleone release in relation to BNI function and opportunities to exploit this trait. Also, we provide our assessment for genetic interventions of Sorgoleone biosynthesis and secretion pathways to enhance BNI capacity in sorghum. High-BNI sorghum hybrids can be an important component of low-nitrifying, low-N₂O-emitting agricultural production systems that are eco-friendly, productive, and sustainable.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizoma peanut root-rhizome mass, growth, and decomposition under grazing or clipping management","authors":"Erick R. S. Santos,&nbsp;José C. B. Dubeux Jr.,&nbsp;Lynn E. Sollenberger,&nbsp;Cheryl Mackowiak,&nbsp;David M. Jaramillo,&nbsp;Flavia O. S. van Cleef,&nbsp;Luana M. D. Queiroz,&nbsp;Liza Garcia,&nbsp;Michelle C. B. Siqueira,&nbsp;Luana Q. S. D. Zagato,&nbsp;Carlos C. Vela-Garcia,&nbsp;Vanessa Z. Longhini,&nbsp;Bruno G. C. Homem","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Belowground plant structures are integral to nutrient cycling in grassland ecosystems. However, relative to herbage responses, few studies have examined the belowground dynamics of warm-season perennial forages under different management practices. This study evaluated root-rhizome responses and decomposition dynamics of a perennial legume (rhizoma peanut [RP; <i>Arachis glabrata</i> Benth. ‘Ecoturf’]) under continuous stocking (Grazing) and 56-day clipping (Haying) intervals across three 56-day periods in 2018 and 2019. In 2019, root-rhizome mass was greater under Haying than Grazing in two out of three periods, peaking at 14,980 kg organic matter (OM) ha⁻¹. Conversely, root-rhizome N concentration was lower with Haying than Grazing (12 vs. 14 g kg⁻¹). Root-rhizome growth rate was greater in 2018 than in 2019 (18.0 vs. 10.5 kg OM ha⁻¹ day⁻¹). In 2019, Grazing exhibited greater biomass (0.0013 vs. 0.0010 g g⁻¹ day⁻¹) and N (0.0016 vs. 0.0011 g g⁻¹ day⁻¹) decay rates than Haying. Root-rhizome N pools for 2018 and 2019 averaged 159 and 192 kg N ha⁻¹, with 86% and 93% N remaining post-incubation, respectively. During a 56-day period, N disappearance was 22.3 kg N ha⁻¹ in 2018 and 13.4 kg N ha⁻¹ in 2019, equating to 70 and 40 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively, over the 168-day growing season. With RP covering 30% of the pasture, root-rhizomes contribute an estimated 12–21 kg N ha⁻¹ per season. Root-rhizome dynamics in RP were influenced by defoliation management, though responses varied between years.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from a student-led breeding effort on leafy African vegetables in Minnesota","authors":"Hannah Stoll,&nbsp;Inés Rebollo,&nbsp;Lucas M. Roberts,&nbsp;Lauren Docherty,&nbsp;Kabita Poudel,&nbsp;Liesl Bower-Jernigan,&nbsp;Lovepreet Singh,&nbsp;Isaías Ariza-Hernandez,&nbsp;Muyideen Yusuf,&nbsp;Chidi Chidozie,&nbsp;Rex Bernardo","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Community Plant Breeding Team, a student-led plant breeding initiative at the University of Minnesota, was initiated in 2021 in direct response to the local demand for culturally relevant food. We focus on improving access to African leafy vegetables, which are in high demand but face challenges such as poor adaptation to the Minnesota climate and limited seed availability. We aim to develop locally adapted cultivars of four African vegetable species: amaranth, <i>Amaranthus</i> spp. L.; spiderwisp, <i>Cleome gynandra</i> (L.) Briq.; jute mallow, <i>Corchorus</i> spp. L.; and Ethiopian mustard, <i>Brassica carinata</i> A. Braun. Our participatory plant breeding program integrates community members into the breeding process, enhancing their access to culturally relevant African vegetables while offering students and researchers practical lessons in plant breeding and community engagement. This article highlights fundamental lessons from this project: the importance of building strong community relationships, using inclusive language, focusing efforts on a few key species, adopting a participatory approach, and safeguarding both knowledge and germplasm. We intend for this work to serve as a framework for others interested in developing similar breeding efforts or simply gaining an understanding of this model for participatory plant breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating alfalfa mosaic virus symptoms, susceptibility, and seed transmission along with the population structure across global kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb) germplasm","authors":"Abigail Han,&nbsp;Doğan İlhan,&nbsp;Zeynel Cebeci,&nbsp;Kathryn Turner,&nbsp;Heathcliffe Riday,&nbsp;Muhammet Şakiroğlu,&nbsp;Brandon Schlautman","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perennial groundcover (PGC) research is an expanding field of study focused on utilizing the soil-protecting characteristics of perennial plants as permanent intercrops in row-crop agriculture systems. However, there are some risks that PGC could serve as a “green bridge” between cash crops. <i>Alfalfa mosaic virus</i> (AMV) is one such disease that could infect legume PGCs, like kura clover (<i>Trifolium ambiguum</i> M. Bieb), and potentially be transmitted to cash-crop companions (e.g., soybean). The objectives of the current study were to (i) evaluate AMV symptoms and susceptibility in kura clover and (ii) explore population structure and genetic diversity patterns utilizing simple sequence repeat markers across the United States Department of Agriculture National Germplasm Plant Service kura clover collection and various breeding populations from the University of Minnesota. Results showed that 96% tested kura clover field plants had AMV infection and the rate of seed transmission from parent to offspring was 0.4%. Genetic structure among kura clover germplasms generally revealed a ploidy-based separation where diploid and hexaploid cytotypes from distinct genetic clusters and tetraploid germplasm manifest an intermediate pattern. The results indicated substantial AMV sensitivity among broadly based kura clover germplasm, and the risks of both yield losses and “green bridge” due to AMV infection in kura clover should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}