Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Curative fungicide scheduling and bentgrass disease resistance affects dollar spot control","authors":"Pingyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Bruce B. Clarke,&nbsp;Daniel L. Ward,&nbsp;James A. Murphy","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bentgrass (<i>Agrostis</i> spp.) cultivars vary in resistance to dollar spot caused by <i>Clarireedia jacksonii</i>. Using a damage threshold to schedule fungicide applications has potential for reducing fungicide inputs. Two field trials managed as fairway turf in North Brunswick, NJ, from 2018 to 2021 assessed the effectiveness of damage threshold fungicide schedules to control dollar spot on bentgrass cultivars varying in disease resistance. Two factorially arranged randomized complete block designs (3 × 6 and 3 × 9, non-inoculated and inoculated, respectively) were used. A fungicide scheduling factor included a calendar schedule and two damage threshold schedules that applied fungicides either within 24 h or the next application day (NAD) once a 105 mm² m⁻² of symptomatic area was observed. The cultivar factor included six (Trial 1) and nine (Trial 2) bentgrass entries ranging from low to high dollar spot resistance. Damage threshold schedules on the resistant cultivar Declaration reduced fungicide inputs up to 78% compared to the calendar schedule. Reduced fungicide inputs for each cultivar were achieved by delaying disease onset in the non-inoculated trial and extending the application interval in both trials. The 24-h threshold schedule controlled dollar spot equivalent to the calendar schedule on more resistant cultivars. There was a lower risk of severe disease outbreaks when threshold applications were applied on the NAD schedule compared to the calendar schedule on the resistant cultivars. Thus, using a low damage threshold to apply fungicides on resistant bentgrass can effectively control dollar spot with fewer fungicide inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding for cold tolerance in common annual legume cover crops","authors":"Raksha Thapa,&nbsp;Solveig Hanson,&nbsp;Jian Hua,&nbsp;Virginia M. Moore","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There has been a significant increase in cover crop adoption, with land use nearly doubling over the last decade. Winter legume cover crops provide several ecosystem services, such as weed suppression and reducing soil erosion, while serving as an excellent nitrogen source for subsequent cash crops. Hairy vetch (<i>Vicia villosa</i> R.), crimson clover (<i>Trifolium incarnatum</i>), and winter pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) are three major winter annual legume cover crops in the United States. However, varying winter survival rates have reduced their reliability compared with winter hardy grasses like cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i>). Winter hardy cultivars have been selected and bred in winter pea, which are also used as food and forage crops, but fewer breeding efforts toward cold tolerance have been made in hairy vetch or crimson clover. Despite the current breeding efforts, all three species can suffer from winter damage in the winter hardiness zone 6 and below. Developing winter hardy annual legume cover crops requires a multifaceted approach, including cultivar selection and hybridization, quantitative trait locus isolation, management practice improvement, and identification of new sources of winter hardiness. Cold acclimation, deacclimation resistance, and reacclimation potential are possible mechanisms to explore in the cold tolerance of these winter cover crops. Cold tolerance can be evaluated in field and controlled environments using visual scoring, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion leakage assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAS-derived vegetation indices detect wheat leaf rust infection and its influence on grain yield and canopy temperature","authors":"Rahul Raman,&nbsp;Haly L. Neely,&nbsp;Nithya Rajan,&nbsp;Mahendra Bhandari,&nbsp;Jeffrey Siegfried,&nbsp;Amir M. H. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Curtis B. Adams,&nbsp;Robert H. Hardin","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leaf rust is a major biotic factor affecting wheat yield globally. However, the visual scoring technique to assess fungal disease in breeding programs requires significant expert manual labor and time. Unmanned aerial systems have the potential to scan large acreage in a short time for disease screening. An experiment was conducted at College Station and Castroville, TX, in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to assess the performance of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference red edge index (NDRE), and green chlorophyll index (GCI) in detecting leaf rust infection. Other measurements included proximal canopy temperature, grain yield, and visual screening for infection type and severity. A significant positive relationship (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>R</i>² = 0.42–0.62) of grain yield with all three vegetation indices (VIs) was observed in mid-April 2019 at College Station. At College Station, the highest leaf rust severity coincided with the senescence stage in mid-April 2020. No relationship between the VIs and grain yield was observed. In mid-April 2020, when the leaf rust infection was high, the VIs showed a significant negative relationship (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05; <i>R</i>² = 0.27) with grain yield at Castroville. All three VIs showed a significant linear negative relationship with canopy temperature at College Station (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05; <i>R</i>² = 0.3–0.34) and Castroville (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>R</i>² = 0.52–0.54) in mid-April 2020. At high leaf rust severity, the repeatability of GCI was less than NDVI and NDRE at both locations in 2019 and 2020. These results may differ if multiple factors affect winter wheat simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of genetic variation within pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium and Chrysanthemum coccineum) germplasm: Intra- or inter-specific hybridization as mechanisms to circumvent genetic bottlenecks","authors":"Liesl Bower-Jernigan,&nbsp;Neil O. Anderson,&nbsp;Robert Suranyi,&nbsp;Albert Radloff,&nbsp;Steven Gullickson","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The University of Minnesota (UMN) Pyrethrum Breeding Program has been developing <i>Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium</i> with increased levels of Pyrethrin I/Pyrethrin II ratio (%Py) for over a decade. Pyrethrum is an economically important “green pesticide,” producing %Py in glandular trichomes, with the highest concentration in the flowers. The compounds are useful as insecticides for mosquito, deer tick, bed bug, and insects affecting commercial plant production. Selection for early seed germination and flowering in first-year pyrethrum seedlings successfully selected annualized perennials. The objectives of this research were to determine genetic variation within and among populations of <i>C. cinerariifolium</i> and <i>Chrysanthemum coccineum</i> from commercial seed lots from Africa, Australia, China, South America, the Netherlands, and the United States, as well as a wild population collected in Croatia and resultant F₁ hybrids from the UMN Breeding Program. A total of <i>n</i> = 404 genotypes from 58 populations were tested using DArTseqLD (Diversity Arrays Technology) genotype by sequencing to obtain single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for 10 different groups. SNP analysis of all taxa resulted in 1786 polymorphic DArTseqLD SNP markers with <i>C. coccineum</i> being genetically distinct from all <i>C. cinerariifolium</i> in the principal component analyses. The global germplasm showed low levels of genetic diversity, demonstrating a very narrow germplasm base and confirmed sharing of genetic stock among private and public sector breeding programs and production firms. We found less genetic variation in the UMN germplasm than expected, although levels of heterozygosity increased in more recent pedigrees. However, several divergent outliers were found as potential sources to enhance genetic variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postharvest anthracnose disease in mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit: Sustainable alternatives for the control","authors":"Hardev Choudhary,&nbsp;Varsha Dhar,&nbsp;Parthkumar Dave,&nbsp;Sunil Pareek","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.) anthracnose disease has been a challenging issue for the past several years, causing about 30%–60% economic loss in its annual production. <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> survives as an endophyte, during later stages develops infection, thereby causing serious pre- as well as postharvest crop losses. Such losses become difficult to overcome as the supply of the fruit gets affected due to quality reduction as a result of anthracnose. For many decades, synthetic fungicides have been used as primary control measures to the disease. However, indiscriminate use of synthetic fungicides against the pathogen has raised concerns due to their detrimental effects on environmental health and residual toxicity in plants and fruits. The disease resistance and resurgence against synthetic fungicides have also been major threat to farming community and stakeholders. Given these harmful effects, researchers, agro-industries, and farming communities are exploring sustainable alternatives to anthracnose disease in mango with phyto-extracts and essential oils as promising options globally. This comprehensive review suggests eco-friendly alternative for combating <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> in mango fruit. The effectiveness of plant-based extracts and oils in preventing anthracnose-related postharvest losses is highlighted, along with the future prospects for high-quality mangoes. The botanical-based management strategies can also provide a sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic control measures and reduce chemical load in the management of the disease during storage. In the context of climate change, developing and using these options will have a strong potential to address the challenges posed by chemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Oaxacan Green Dent maize is not from Oaxaca","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Holland, J. B., Willcox, M.C., Samayoa, L. F., Woore, M. S., Salazar-Vidal, M. N., &amp; Tracy, W. F. (2025). Oaxacan Green Dent maize is not from Oaxaca. <i>Crop Science</i>, <i>65</i>, e70029. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70029</p><p>The ORCID ID of Martha C. Willcox was not included in the published version of this paper. Her ORCID ID is https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-1122</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reporting forage nutritive value using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy","authors":"Miguel S. Castillo,&nbsp;Thomas C. Griggs,&nbsp;Matthew F. Digman,&nbsp;João M. B. Vendramini,&nbsp;Jose C. B. Dubeux Jr.,&nbsp;Carlos G. S. Pedreira","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the well-documented merits of near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for forage nutritive value analysis, recent studies reveal inconsistencies in accuracy of NIR-predicted values. These findings underscore the critical need for robust validation efforts to ensure reliability. Employing visual tools, such as scatter plots comparing laboratory-measured with NIR-predicted values, enhances the interpretation and qualification of data. Standardized reporting of validation outcomes, including key metrics and best practices, is essential for ensuring data quality and fostering broader adoption of NIR spectroscopy across research and industry. In this article, we suggest guidelines for reporting NIR spectroscopy predictions and emphasize the need for independent validation as a required procedure to enhance the credibility and application of NIR spectroscopy for forage analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mexican yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban): A neglected leguminous root crop with emerging potential for food security and industrial applications","authors":"Velumani Ravi,&nbsp;Saravanan Raju,&nbsp;P. Murugesan","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Meeting the projected food demands of a global population nearing 10 billion by 2050 requires innovative strategies to expand food supply while addressing nutritional and environmental challenges. This review evaluates the potential of the Mexican yam bean (<i>Pachyrhizus erosus</i> L. Urban), an underutilized leguminous crop cultivated mainly for its storage roots—with tender pods also consumed as a vegetable—to enhance food security and nutritional quality. Its unique attributes, including nitrogen fixation and propagation through true seed, underpin its high storage root yields and favorable nutrient profile, particularly in essential minerals such as iron. The review provides novel insights into its versatile applications across food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and cosmetic industries by synthesizing global research on its photosynthetic performance, yield determinants, and compositional properties. These findings underscore the crop's promise as a valuable resource for diversifying agricultural production and improving dietary mineral intake, especially in marginal production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential ecological implications of extensive cereal rye cover cropping in the United States","authors":"Nisith Nishank Purohit,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Ghosh,&nbsp;Andrew Jennings Price,&nbsp;Aniruddha Maity","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) is the most widely grown small grain cover crops in the United States. The rapid and intensive expansion of cereal rye as a cover crop for soil conservation and weed suppression may raise the concern of its invasiveness with ecological implications in a few years. Cereal rye has greater chances of developing weediness as compared to other small grain cover crops such as winter wheat and barley. This is partially due to multiple cycles of unintentional or ill-defined human selection and stringent domestication efforts during the process of its evolution, which has reduced the genetic diversity in cereal rye but helped retain traces of weedy traits. Furthermore, unrestricted gene flow due to natural hybridization and incomplete speciation because of weak domestication bottleneck have led to incomplete lineage sorting among the <i>Secale</i> species. This has increased the risks of introgression of weedy characters like delayed flowering and shattering seedhead from wild ancestors and feral rye into cereal rye. The introgression and naturalization of weedy alleles may enable cereal rye to overcome all the barriers of plant invasion, making it an aggressive competitor for resources like nutrient and water as compared to most field crops. Therefore, while the entire northern American agriculture is undergoing extensive adoption of cereal rye cover cropping, it is critically important to assess its invasive potential and implement effective management strategies for its containment, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices and preventing ecological disruptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Seedbank seeds for the study of environmentally induced transgenerational epigenetic variability: A case study of barley”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Martinelli, T., Gavazzi, F., Mascheretti, I., Panzeri, D., Börner, A., &amp; Lauria, M. (2021). Seedbank seeds for the study of environmentally induced transgenerational epigenetic variability: A case study of barley. <i>Crop Science</i>, <i>61</i>, 1241–1253. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20351</p><p>This erratum corrects the following errors:</p><p>Figure S1 and Tables S1–S3 are missing from the Supporting Information. That has now been corrected.</p><p>Figure S2 was mistakenly cited twice as Figure S4. In the fifth paragraph in the Discussion section, the sentence “The MSAP dendrograms generally display an overall structure that is comparable to AFLP analysis (Figures S1 and S4)” should have stated “The MSAP dendrograms generally display an overall structure that is comparable to AFLP analysis (Figures S1 and S2).” In the sixth paragraph under the Discussion section, the sentence “Perhaps, this also explains why at epigenetic level the two clusters grouping the single cultivars displayed comparatively minor distance than that observed at genetic level (Figures S1 and S4)” should have stated “Perhaps, this also explains why at epigenetic level the two clusters grouping the single cultivars displayed comparatively minor distance than that observed at genetic level (Figures S1 and S2).”</p><p>We apologize for this.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}