Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Genetic mapping of resistance to Fusarium head blight in soft red winter wheat line NC13-20076","authors":"Z. J. Winn,&nbsp;R. Acharya,&nbsp;B. Ward,&nbsp;J. Lyerly,&nbsp;C. Griffey,&nbsp;J. Fitzgerald,&nbsp;Y. Dong,&nbsp;C. Cowger,&nbsp;J. P. Murphy,&nbsp;G. Brown-Guedira","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Fusarium</i> head blight (FHB) infection causes yield loss, quality degradation, and the production of damaging mycotoxins in common wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L). Marker analysis suggests that NC13-20076 does not possess previously identified FHB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) screened for in eastern winter wheat germplasm. A doubled haploid population of 168 lines from the cross of GA06493-13LE6 and NC13-20076 was phenotyped in inoculated nurseries in six environments. Heading date, plant height, and visual ratings of <i>Fusarium</i> damage on heads were recorded in the field; percent <i>Fusarium</i> damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation were recorded post-harvest. Interval and multiple QTL mapping were performed on each environment-by-trait combination. Plant height and heading date QTL were identified on chromosomes 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7B, and peak markers were used as covariates in mapping of disease response traits. Disease response QTL were identified on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, 7A, and 7D. The largest percent variance (PV) QTL identified for FHB visual ratings (10.8%) and DON accumulation (10.1%) were found on chromosome 5A (<i>QFvr.nc-5A</i>, <i>QDon.nc-5A</i>). The largest PV (10.3%) QTL identified for FDK were found on 1A (<i>QFdk.nc-1A</i>). Disease response QTL for multi-environment scans of visual ratings, FDK, and DON accumulation accounted for 4.0%–10.8%, 4.1%–10.3%, and 4.9%–10.1% of the total variance, respectively. The present results indicate that NC13-20076 contains several FHB response QTL, which overlap with previously identified QTL and demonstrate the importance of NC13-20076 as a readily accessible source of FHB resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sward responses of rhizoma peanut–bahiagrass mixtures and bahiagrass monocultures in contrasting on-farm environments","authors":"Luana M. D. Queiroz,&nbsp;Jose C. B. Dubeux Jr.,&nbsp;Lynn E. Sollenberger,&nbsp;Joao M. B. Vendramini,&nbsp;Hui-ling Liao,&nbsp;Cheryl L. Mackowiak,&nbsp;Edzard van Santen,&nbsp;David M. Jaramillo,&nbsp;Erick R. S. Santos,&nbsp;Liza Garcia,&nbsp;Hiran M. S. Silva,&nbsp;Bruno G. C. Homem,&nbsp;Adesuwa S. Erhunmwunse,&nbsp;Martin Ruiz-Moreno","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Incorporating forage legumes into grass swards has the potential to enhance the sustainability of pasture systems and reduce reliance on nitrogen fertilizers. The aim of this study was to assess the on-farm performance of bahiagrass (BG; <i>Paspalum notatum</i> Flüggé)–rhizoma peanut (RP; <i>Arachis glabrata</i> Benth.) mixtures compared to BG monocultures in three diverse environments across Florida. Three forage treatments were employed at all locations: BG in monoculture (Bh), BG + Ecoturf RP (Eco), and BG + Florigraze RP (Flo). Significantly greater herbage accumulation rates were observed for BG + Ecoturf RP (37 kg DM ha⁻¹ day⁻¹, where DM is the dry matter) and BG with Florigraze RP (35 kg DM ha⁻¹ day⁻¹) in comparison with BG in monoculture (30 kg DM ha⁻¹ day⁻¹). Crude protein and in vitro digestible organic matter concentrations were greater for RP binary mixtures compared with monoculture BG across all locations. In North and South Florida, BG + Ecoturf RP exhibited greater RP belowground biomass than BG + Florigraze RP. Additionally, biological N₂ fixation increased linearly as the proportion of RP increased. Integration of RP germplasm Ecoturf and the Florigraze cultivar into BG pastures in North, Central, and South Florida led to increased rates of herbage accumulation and improved herbage nutritive value compared to BG monoculture. Overall, North and South Florida exhibited more favorable responses to the inclusion of RP compared to Central Florida.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the genomic diversity and breeding applications of the Solanum sessiliflorum transcriptome via phylogenetic analysis","authors":"Priscila O. Silva,&nbsp;Lucas Eduardo R. Silva,&nbsp;Débora G. Gouveia,&nbsp;Priscila M. Rodrigues,&nbsp;José Francisco C. Gonçalves,&nbsp;Adriano Nunes-Nesi,&nbsp;Wagner L. Araújo,&nbsp;João Henrique F. Cavalcanti","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compelling evidence supports the potential application of wild crop relatives in <i>Solanum</i> breeding. Efforts have been made to generate genomic data from wild <i>Solanum</i> plants to assess the insertion of advantageous traits into crop species. South America hosts a broad range of plants that have not been widely evaluated at the molecular level. <i>Solanum sessiliflorum</i> is a wild species that shows tolerance to <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and nematode infections. The Illumina platform was used to construct the transcriptome of <i>S. sessiliflorum</i>. The data were analyzed using bioinformatics tools for both phylogenetic comparison and bioprospecting of disease-related genes. Our leaf transcriptome assembly of <i>S. sessiliflorum</i> enables phylogenetic comparisons and stress-tolerant gene bioprospecting. De novo assembly generated 114,184 unigenes. A comparison of the <i>S. sessiliflorum</i> unigene dataset with other <i>Solanum</i> nucleotide genomic resources revealed greater similarity with <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> than with <i>Solanum melongena</i>. Additionally, <i>S. sessiliflorum</i> within the <i>Leptostemonum</i> group, along with <i>S. melongena</i>, possesses features related to <i>Solanum</i> clade evolution. Bioprospection of disease response targets identified 122 potential candidate unigenes retrieved from the <i>S. sessiliflorum</i> dataset. The abundant expression of fragments of disease-related and hormonal defense genes appears to constitute a housekeeping mechanism to avoid pathogen attacks on leaves. In total, 1091 unigenes were classified as transcription factors (TFs), with a large number of TFs associated with biotic resilience. These results highlight the potential for exploring the genomic diversity of <i>S. sessiliflorum</i>, which will be useful for applications in breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of different water management practices on element content in rice grain, yield, and yield components","authors":"Jai S. Rohila,&nbsp;Shannon R. M. Pinson,&nbsp;Jonathan G. Moser,&nbsp;Aaron K. Jackson,&nbsp;Philip A. Moore Jr.,&nbsp;Brennan Smith,&nbsp;Koji Baba,&nbsp;Noriko Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Yulin Jia","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is a critical crop for global food security; however, under certain conditions, rice grains can accumulate elevated levels of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd). Research has shown that alternate wetting and drying (AWD) of rice fields, rather than maintaining a continuous flood (FLD), can lower concentrations of both total As (tAs) and the more toxic inorganic As (iAs) in milled rice. Unfortunately, irrigation management that oxidizes the soil can potentially result in higher Cd concentrations. This 2-year study tested the hypothesis that AWD with two short drains is better than a single mid-summer drain (MSD) or flood (FLD) on rice yield, element content, and various starch quality attributes. The results revealed that AWD did not reduce yield compared to MSD and FLD and that AWD and MSD resulted in a negligible milling quality penalty compared with FLD. AWD had the added benefit of significantly reducing tAs and iAs in grains compared with FLD and MSD. AWD did not increase grain Cd in brown rice when compared with FLD and caused either no consequential change or a desirable increase in 10 other elements. Protein concentration was reduced by only half a percentage point, and starch quality attributes were minimally impacted as well. This study highlights the importance of water management practices in minimizing accumulation of hazardous elements such as As and Cd in rice grains while enabling sustainable rice production with conventional yields and cooking quality attributes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mapping of dominant male sterile gene in the Brassica napus line Shaan-GMS by BSA-Seq and candidate gene association analysis","authors":"Dongsuo Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Zhang,&nbsp;Zikang Chen,&nbsp;Haiyan Chen,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Zhaoxin Hu,&nbsp;Shengwu Hu","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shaan-GMS is a spontaneous dominant genic male sterile (GMS) line in <i>Brassica napus</i>, and its male sterility is genetically controlled by a single gene with three alleles of different dominant relationships (<i>Mf</i> &gt; <i>Ms</i>, <i>Ms</i> &gt; <i>ms</i>). Here, whole genome resequencing was performed on the homozygous (<i>MsMs</i>*<i>MfMs</i>) and heterozygous (<i>Msms</i>*<i>msms</i>) two-type lines of Shaan-GMS, respectively, for localizing male sterile gene. BSA-Seq of both two-type lines detected one candidate gene <i>B</i><i>naA08g26080D</i> on the chromosome A08 in common. By integrating the genetic maps of <i>Mf</i>/<i>Ms</i> and <i>Ms</i>/<i>ms</i> locus, the fertility locus of Shaan-GMS was located in the overlapping region on the A08 chromosome containing 14 genes. Among them, five genes of interesting were sequenced. As a result, two genes (<i>BnaA08g25920D</i> and <i>BnaA08g25870D</i>) showed DNA sequence variation among male sterile plants (<i>MsMs</i>), fertile plants (<i>msms</i>), and restorer plants (<i>MfMf</i>) of Shaan-GMS. The candidate gene association analysis indicated that DNA variations in the <i>BnaA08g25870D</i> had no relationship with male fertility in a panel of 88 rapeseed lines, therefore, <i>BnaA08g25920D</i> is the candidate for the male sterile gene. This study lays a foundation for molecular cloning of male sterile gene in Shaan-GMS, and the developed molecular markers and the identified restorer lines will be useful for developing new hybrid varieties based on the dominant GMS system.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and variations among Oklahoma and Texas sedge germplasm","authors":"Shuhao Yu,&nbsp;Charles Fontanier,&nbsp;Lovepreet Singh,&nbsp;Mark Fishbein,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Zhang,&nbsp;Manveer Singh,&nbsp;Dennis Martin,&nbsp;Mingying Xiang,&nbsp;Felipe Cevallos,&nbsp;Madeline Mocio","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sedges (<i>Carex</i> spp.) are herbaceous perennials with more than 2100 species recognized, offering significant potential for use in mowed turf, landscape gardens, and ecosystem restoration. Breeding and development of improved cultivars within various species could have a broad impact across these industries. The lack of information on genetic diversity and genetic variation within most relevant species has limited cultivar development. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity, population structure, and genetic variability of morphological and reproductive traits of 35 <i>Carex</i> plants collected from Oklahoma and Texas. A total of 20,689 single nucleotide polymorphic markers were used for genetic diversity characterization. Three subpopulations were identified from the germplasm panel that were largely determined by the species and partially by geographic locations. Substantial genetic diversity was observed within and among species. In addition, substantial genetic variation was found for morphological and reproductive traits and the reliability for those traits was moderate to high (<i>𝑖</i>²= 0.38–0.83). The findings of this study provide insights into the genetic diversity of <i>Carex</i> germplasm from Oklahoma and Texas, offering essential knowledge for future <i>Carex</i> breeding efforts. Additionally, the study highlights the need for future research to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying reproductive traits and to develop reliable molecular tools for species differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic basis of early heading genes for weedy rice in Northeast China","authors":"Yutiao Chen,&nbsp;Biyun Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaofu Hong,&nbsp;Minghui Zhao,&nbsp;Jiayu Song","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Weedy rice (<i>Oryza</i> spp.) is a semi-domesticated genetic resource. In high-latitude paddy ecosystems, weedy rice tends to head earlier than accompanied <i>japonica</i> rice. However, the heading allele genes underlying this weedy rice de-domestication, which is crucial for understanding the genetic basis and repeatability of the heading, remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the allelic variation of nine heading genes using 46 weedy rice from three areas in northeast China (weedy rice from northeast China [WRNC]) and 32 of their accompanying <i>japonica</i> rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) varieties. The heading time of WRNC was 3–20 days earlier than that of the accompanying <i>japonica</i> rice. The heading-promotion genotype <i>heading date 1</i> (<i>Hd1</i>) was the main factor aiding WRNC heading earlier than its accompanying <i>japonica</i> rice. Functional haplotypes of <i>heading date 2</i> (<i>Hd2</i>), <i>grains height date 7</i> (<i>Ghd7</i>), and <i>days to heading 2</i> (<i>Dth2</i>) may affect the early heading of weedy rice from Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang in northeast China. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that WRNC is closely related to the cultivated rice in Northeast China and has no direct relationship with southern <i>indica</i> weedy rice. The results showed that some heading genes in the study differentiated during the divergence of <i>indica</i> and <i>japonica</i> rice; these genes in WRNC are not only affected by the differentiation of <i>indica</i> and <i>japonica</i> rice but also by the domestication of cultivated rice, forming an independent heading genotype distinct from northern <i>japonica</i> rice. This serves as a basis for research aimed at improving the heading period of cultivated rice by utilizing traits from weedy rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Chromosome 1 QTLs associated with response to bacterial leaf spot in Beta vulgaris”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Morrison, A. K., &amp; Goldman, I. L. (2025). Chromosome 1 QTLs associated with response to bacterial leaf spot in <i>Beta vulgaris. Crop Science</i>, <i>65</i>, e21448. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21448</p><p>In section 2.4 Genome-wide association study, the sentence “Therefore, to prevent type II error, the final analyzed and reported genotype input file used was filtered on the most stringent level, MAF 0.05 at a read depth of ≥10, as mentioned previously.” was incorrect. The sentence should read “Therefore, to prevent type I error, the final analyzed and reported genotype input file used was filtered on the most stringent level, MAF 0.05 at a read depth of ≥10, as mentioned previously.”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-context promoter bashing of the Sorghum bicolor gene models functionally annotated as bundle sheath cell preferred expressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and alanine aminotransferase","authors":"Truyen N. Quach,&nbsp;Ming Guo,&nbsp;Tara Nazarenus,&nbsp;Shirley J. Sato,&nbsp;Mary Wang,&nbsp;Tieling Zhang,&nbsp;Natalya Nersesian,&nbsp;Zhengxiang Ge,&nbsp;Chidanand Ullagaddi,&nbsp;Mu Li,&nbsp;Bin Yu,&nbsp;James C. Schnable,&nbsp;Tom Elmo Clemente","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In-context promoter bashing via genome editing is a route to identify and characterize critical regulatory regions that govern expression of genes of interest. The outcomes of in-context promoter bashing can be used to inform editing strategies to modulate the expression of selected gene models in a desired fashion. Here, we employed in-context promoter bashing to characterize the proximal upstream regulatory regions of sorghum genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase bundle sheath (<i>Sb</i>PEPCK.BS, SbiTx430.01G455400) and alanine aminotransferase bundle sheath (<i>Sb</i>AlaAT.BS, SbiTx430.02G006600), two proteins involved in the PCK C₄ pathway. Characterized germinal edits within the targeted regions upstream of these two genes ranged in size from 138 up to 1790 bp. A 138 bp within the <i>Sb</i>PEPCK.BS upstream region and a 1643 bp element within the <i>Sb</i>AlaAT.BS upstream region were determined to be important for maintenance of transcription levels. No change in development or various physiological parameters was observed in characterized lineages carrying promoter edits. However, significant changes in seed reserves and a reduction in 100-seed weight were consistently observed, under both greenhouse and field environments, in plants carrying an edit in the promoter of <i>Sb</i>PEPCK.BS gene, which were significantly reduced in transcript accumulation for this gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of sorghum waxy A1- and R-lines as hybrids","authors":"Scott E. Sattler,&nbsp;Deanna L. Funnell-Harris,&nbsp;Patrick O'Neill,&nbsp;John J. Toy","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>Waxy</i> locus (<i>Wx</i>) encodes the granule-bound starch synthase enzyme, which synthesizes amylose, the long-chain, unbranched starch polymer. Loss of function alleles of <i>Wx</i> result in the endosperm having a waxy appearance, and contain nearly all amylopectin, the highly branched starch polymer. A critical question for commercialization of waxy grain sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench] for applications ranging from food industry to bioenergy crop production is whether hybrids deleteriously affect agronomic traits. A set of six <i>waxy</i> sorghum <i>A</i>-lines was crossed with a set of six <i>R</i>-lines developed by USDA-ARS in Lincoln, NE. The hybrids were grown in two field sites under dryland and irrigated conditions. Both agronomic and grain composition traits were determined. The amylose concentration from all waxy hybrid grain was around 5% compared to wild-type hybrid checks, which had concentrations around 35%. In general, seedling emergence, test weight, and 100-seed weight were lower for <i>wx</i> hybrids than the commercial check. The grain yields for <i>wx</i> hybrid combinations with <i>A</i> lines PI 670136 and PI 672150 (Wheatland <i>wx</i>) or <i>R</i>-line PI 672152 (RTx430 <i>wx</i>) were over 8000 kg ha⁻¹ for several combinations. The <i>A</i> line PI 670136 in combination with five of the <i>R</i>-lines evaluated produced white sorghum grain on tan plants that could be milled into food grade white sorghum flour. The <i>waxy</i> hybrids in this study illustrate the potential to commercially produce <i>wx</i> grain sorghum for a range of applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}