Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of cover crops on soil enzyme activities and soil quality in peanut‐based cropping systems","authors":"E. J. Campilongo‐Mancilla, D. L. Serri, N. Bernardi Lima, L. Gabbarini, M. Córdoba, M. Quiroga, F. M. Barbero, J. M. Meriles, S. Vargas‐Gil","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70381","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation agricultural practices, such as cover crops (CCs), are associated with increased microbial activity and improved soil ecosystem function. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of CC on soil microbial activity and chemical properties in commercial peanut‐based systems. Winter wheat ( <jats:italic>Triticum aestivum</jats:italic> ), rye ( <jats:italic>Secale cereale</jats:italic> L.), and vetch ( <jats:italic>Vicia villosa</jats:italic> ) were established as treatments: wheat (W), rye (R), and vetch/rye mixture (V/R), using a nested hierarchical design. Soil analysis included extracellular enzyme activities (β‐D‐glucuronidase, β‐xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β‐glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase [LEU], β‐1,4‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase [NAG], and acid phosphatase [PHOS]), general microbial parameters, and soil chemical properties. A soil quality index (SQI) was calculated using a minimal dataset. Enzyme activities were significantly influenced by CC management, especially by the inclusion of V/R, particularly in NAG, LEU, and PHOS. General microbial indicators showed no significant differences between treatments. However, glomalin‐related soil protein was higher under rye than under wheat or vetch/rye. Most soil chemical properties were improved by the inclusion of vetch/rye. The SQI results indicate that CC mixtures enhanced overall soil quality compared with single‐species CC. SQI values ranged from 1.622 (W) to 2.455 (V/R), with the vetch/rye mixture showing significantly higher overall soil quality. These findings demonstrate that rye–vetch mixtures promote nutrient cycling and improve soil chemical properties, supporting their use as a sustainable soil management practice in peanut‐based cropping systems.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zea mays seedling‐lethal albino605F mutant encodes a frameshift mutation in chloroplast precursor protein alanyl‐tRNA synthetase","authors":"Anuradha Dhingra, Indra Adhikari, Christopher D. Rock","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70382","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is the most important genetic model for agriculture, with ∼3500 phenotypic mutants curated over 120 years. Its large heterochromatic chromosomes, extensive mutant resources, high nucleotide (nt) diversity, and strong genic collinearity with other grasses have made maize an excellent model organism for basic and applied research. We investigated the genetic basis of a nuclear recessive, seedling‐lethal albino mutant ( <jats:italic>alb‐605F</jats:italic> ) isolated from a Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center line, which exhibits yellowish‐white seedlings. To identify the causal mutation, we performed bulk‐segregant analysis (BSA) coupled with whole‐genome re‐sequencing using pooled DNA from 89 homozygous <jats:italic>alb‐605F</jats:italic> mutants and 205 wild‐type relatives derived from B73 backcrossed lines. De novo single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletions were called using Genome Analysis Toolkit, and the mutant locus was fine‐mapped with QTLseqr. Mapping localized the <jats:italic>alb‐605F</jats:italic> locus to a ∼10 Mb interval at the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 9 containing 31 genes. Among these, <jats:italic>alanyl‐tRNA synthetase</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>ZmAlaRS</jats:italic> ; <jats:italic>Zm00001d044745</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>Zm00001eb371640</jats:italic> ) was identified as the principal candidate causal gene. Homozygous mutants carried a two nt deletion that produced a frameshift near the N‐terminus of the encoded protein, confirmed by complementation with an independent mutator‐induced allele. Additionally, re‐sequencing coverage indicated increased copy numbers of both chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in the mutant. Together, our findings identify <jats:italic>ZmAlaRS</jats:italic> as the gene underlying the <jats:italic>alb‐605F</jats:italic> phenotype and demonstrate the effectiveness of BSA‐based whole‐genome re‐sequencing for rapid gene identification in maize. The results highlight the essential role of <jats:italic>AlaRS</jats:italic> in chloroplast function and organellar genome homeostasis during early seedling development.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers on the starch synthesis enzyme activities and physicochemical properties of waxy maize","authors":"Linxiao Liu,&nbsp;Fei Lou,&nbsp;Meng Zhang,&nbsp;Yujing Zhang,&nbsp;Mengyu Li,&nbsp;Xiangling Li","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70378","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Waxy maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L. var. ceratina Kulesh) serves as both a staple food and industrial raw material, and its starch physicochemical properties are affected by fertilization regimes. This study investigated the starch synthesis enzyme activities and physicochemical properties of two waxy maize cultivars (Jingkenuo 768, JKN768, and Suyunuo 2, SYN2) under three fertilization treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer (T1), chemical nitrogen fertilizer (T2), and combined chemical and organic nitrogen fertilizers (T3). Compared with T2, T3 enhanced starch synthesis enzyme activities, which coincided with the increasing of total starch and amylopectin contents. Concomitantly, T3 improved grain flexibility. chewiness, and soluble sugar content, and the grain hardness decreased by 4.49% in JKN768 and 6.77% in SYN2, respectively. Moreover, T3 increased the average starch granule size by 3.47% in JKN768 but exerted an opposite effect in SYN2. In both two cultivars, T3 decreased the proportions of short amylopectin chains, along with peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, and relative crystallinity, while increasing the proportions of long amylopectin chains. This study elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of combined chemical‑organic fertilizer application on starch quality and provides theoretical support for optimizing fertilizer management in waxy maize production.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological mechanisms of drought and high temperature adaptation in Lens species: A review","authors":"Salma Rouichi,&nbsp;Michel Edmond Ghanem,&nbsp;Moez Amri","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70374","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70374","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lentil (<i>Lens culinaris</i> Medik.) is an important grain legume known for its nutritional quality, agronomic value, and role in sustainable agriculture. However, its genetic diversity is limited due to domestication, constraining efforts to breed stress-resilient cultivars, especially under climate change. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) represent a valuable source of untapped genetic variability, harboring adaptive traits shaped under extreme environments. This review emphasizes the potential of CWRs in lentil breeding for abiotic stress tolerance, particularly drought and heat stress. It explores key abiotic stresses impacting lentil productivity, discusses mechanisms of stress tolerance available in wild lentil species, and highlights the necessity to integrate these traits into modern breeding programs. Utilizing the genetic diversity in CWRs can overcome current breeding limitations, improve lentil resilience, and secure sustainable production amid growing environmental challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mapping review to identify breeder-friendly quantitative trait loci/gene clusters for wheat biofortification","authors":"Aichatou D. Waziri,&nbsp;Scott W. Carle,&nbsp;Camille M. Steber,&nbsp;Kimberly A. Garland-Campbell","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70370","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70370","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genetic biofortification of wheat grain to increase iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content is a cost-effective method to reduce mineral deficiency in human diets. Breeding for increased Fe and Zn can benefit from marker-assisted selection for high-confidence quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or genes affecting the traits. We conducted a mapping review for loci associated with Fe and/or Zn mineral content of wheat grain/plant and identified congruency in the findings from 51 publications across QTL mapping studies, genome-wide association studies, and transcriptomic studies of characterized genes affecting Fe and Zn uptake and transport. The information extracted was overlaid on a consensus map of linkage and physical positions based on the 90K Illumina single nucleotide polymorphism chip for wheat. We used a novel graphical method called Interval-MAST (markers around segregating traits), which allows us to incorporate a larger volume of information than the commonly used meta-analysis algorithms. We identified 22 marker clusters for increased Fe and/or Zn concentration in grain, with chromosomes 7A and 7B harboring the highest concentration of clusters. Our findings further supported the importance of the previously reported meta-QTL on chromosome 2B, with the associated marker “barc159.” The remaining 21 marker clusters were likely novel key genomic regions highlighted through this mapping study. Finally, gene ontology (GO) enrichment of the candidate genes retrieved within those marker clusters revealed the GO term GO:0010043, associated with the biological process of response to zinc as a set of genes directly related to biofortification.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and molecular characterization of genic male-sterile line Z99A in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)","authors":"Hongyan Wang,&nbsp;Zhengfu Wang,&nbsp;Yunjia Ma,&nbsp;Emily Nyangoma,&nbsp;Jinsong Xu,&nbsp;Benbo Xu,&nbsp;Xuekun Zhang,&nbsp;Fuyong Zhao","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70376","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70376","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) is one of the world's most important oilseed crops, and the exploitation of heterosis has substantially improved both yield and seed quality. Male-sterile lines are essential for hybrid breeding programs. In this study, we characterized a spontaneous male-sterile line, designated Z99A, which exhibits normal vegetative growth but complete male sterility. Z99A was derived from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) generated through interspecific hybridization between <i>B. napus</i> and <i>Brassica juncea</i>. Genetic analysis demonstrated that sterility in Z99A is controlled by two recessive nuclear genes. Cytological observations revealed abnormal tapetal hypertrophy and vacuolation at the late tetrad stage, while microspores exhibited excessive vacuolization and subsequent degeneration at the uninucleate stage, ultimately leading to pollen abortion. Molecular characterization identified mutant alleles <i>Bnms1</i> and <i>Bnms2</i> in Z99A, both mutant alleles lead to an identical V297A amino acid substitution, the same mutation previously characterized in <i>Bnms1</i> of S45A. Sequence analysis suggests that these mutations putatively derived from homeologous recombination and gene conversion events between the A/A and A/C subgenomes. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying male sterility in <i>Brassica</i> and provide a valuable resource for hybrid breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and genetic characterization of representative populations of Ratón race of maize in Coahuila, México","authors":"Delia Margarita Olvera-Aguilar,&nbsp;Froylán Rincón-Sánchez,&nbsp;Ana Laura Alonso-Nieves,&nbsp;César Daniel Petroli-Leguiza","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70379","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to conduct a diversity analysis of 49 native populations of Coahuila Ratón race of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and identify subsets representing this diversity using morphological and genetic traits. Eleven morphological traits and eight additional indices were selected based on the repeatability index (a ratio of genetic variance to environmental plus genetic-environment interaction variances), which expresses traits with low environmental interaction. Additionally, genetic characterization was performed using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic diversity was represented through principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. A positive, non-significant association of <i>r</i> = 0.262 was found between morphological and genetic traits; in both cases, a pattern of diversity was associated with the populations' adaptation range (low, intermediate, or transition areas). A stratified representative subset was obtained, proportional to the variation of the populations studied, with morphological data accounted for the variation in 24.5% of the populations, while the subsets with genetic data accounted for 20.0% of the populations, representing the maximum allelic variation of the populations based on the heterozygosity coefficient and the average distance of the Ratón race from Coahuila, Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principled use of biplots for crop cultivar trial data analysis and decision-making","authors":"Weikai Yan,&nbsp;Elroy Cober","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70377","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70377","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biplot methods are widely used to analyze crop cultivar trial data, particularly for interpreting multi-environment trials and supporting breeding selections. However, their widespread adoption has led to frequent misuse and a perceived but false competition with mixed-model estimation approaches like best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). This article distinguishes three complementary activities in cultivar evaluation: estimation, integration, and interpretation. It presents a principled framework in which biplots serve as pattern-exploration tools rather than automated decision rules. Central to this framework is a best-practice sequential workflow that links single-trial BLUP to account for experimental error and spatial variation (estimation), single-trial yield–trait integration (integration), and across-trial G + GE biplot visualization (interpretation). By calculating the genotype-by-yield × trait index within individual trials, this sequence preserves localized multi-trait trade-offs and environmental interaction signatures that across-trial models often smooth over. We also clarify the fundamental geometric principles required for valid interpretation of biplots and highlight their potential utility as empirical diagnostic maps for genomic selection prediction landscapes. Ultimately, this framework bridges statistical rigor with operational breeding intuition to improve selection consistency and decision quality in modern plant breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cassava growth and yield in response to rates and methods of biostimulant application","authors":"Adalton M. Fernandes,&nbsp;Livia M. P. de Castro,&nbsp;Politon T. P. Guedes,&nbsp;Murillo M. Rezende,&nbsp;Thais C. Paolino,&nbsp;Vitor Rodrigues,&nbsp;Dhonata M. Perfeito,&nbsp;Gabriele F. Campos,&nbsp;Samuel Ferrari","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70375","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biostimulant application is a promising strategy for mitigating stress and enhancing yields in crops such as cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz). However, the optimal rates and application methods for different cassava cultivars are not yet established. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the method and rate of biostimulant (Stimulate: indolebutyric acid [0.005%], kinetin [0.009%], and gibberellic acid [0.005%]) application on plant growth and storage root yield of sweet and bitter cassava cultivars. Experiment I used a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial design with four replications to test two sweet cultivars, three application methods, and four biostimulant rates (0−1200 mL ha⁻¹). A 2 × 4 factorial design with four replications and four biostimulant rates (0−1000 mL ha⁻¹) was used to test two sweet cultivars in Experiment II and two bitter cultivars in Experiment III. Biostimulant application under field conditions had limited and cultivar-dependent effects on cassava storage root development. Foliar spraying on the mother plant or stem cutting immersion was not superior to foliar spraying on young plants. Shoot growth responded positively to biostimulant (20%–29% increase) in some sweet cassava cultivars, but this did not translate to yield gains, except for a marginal increase (2.4%–16.9%) in root length or number with rates of 391–902 mL ha⁻¹. Therefore, biostimulant use cannot yet be widely adopted as a management strategy to increase cassava storage root yield, and further studies are needed to clarify cultivar- and hormone-group-specific physiological responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorghum hybrids with improved grain protein and essential amino acids: Implications for nutritional security","authors":"Tesfaye Tesso,&nbsp;Desalegn Serba,&nbsp;Alemu Tirfessa,&nbsp;Tamirat Bejiga,&nbsp;Alemnesh Bekele,&nbsp;Temesgan Teressa,&nbsp;Yemane Belaineh,&nbsp;Diriba Chere,&nbsp;Kinde Ketema,&nbsp;Sarah Sexton-Bowser,&nbsp;Scott R. Bean,&nbsp;Kamaranga H. S. Peiris,&nbsp;Daniel L. Boyle","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70365","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70365","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cereals serve as the major source of calories, both in animal feed and human food. Although they are lower in protein compared to animal sources, they contribute about 39% to the global protein supply. Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) is grown as principal food cereal in the semiarid tropics and as feed grain in the developed world. While animal products provide well-balanced essential amino acids in human diet, low-income households in developing countries suffer from protein malnutrition due to limited access to animal proteins. Crop cultivars with enhanced nutritional profiles may help reduce the problem. In this paper, novel sorghum germplasm with enhanced protein and essential amino acids lysine and leucine is described. Diverse breeding populations involving high-protein sources were initiated and advanced using pedigree breeding method with initial selection based on agronomic merits. Nutritional evaluation was conducted at an advanced stage, and lines with significantly higher protein profiles were tested in hybrid combination across locations in the United States and Ethiopia. The study identified a series of lines and hybrids with superior agronomic performance that also possess up to 90% higher protein and essential amino acids lysine and leucine. These results imply that well-thought-out breeding efforts can lead to significant improvement in sorghum nutritional traits for better nutritional security for smallholder farmers. The results are equally applicable to domestic sorghum production and utilization, especially in animal feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}