Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Assessing phenotypic diversity and sensor-based metrics for drought response in soybean","authors":"Sarah E. Jones,&nbsp;Somak Dutta,&nbsp;Timilehin T. Ayanlade,&nbsp;Baskar Ganapathysubramanian,&nbsp;Soumik Sarkar,&nbsp;Benjamin Fallen,&nbsp;Asheesh K. Singh","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought stress can be a significant yield-limiting factor in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> [L.] Merr) production, necessitating improved drought-tolerant genetics to protect yield and promote resiliency under stress. A diverse panel of 450 maturity group 0–III soybean plant introgression accessions and checks was screened in a non-irrigated drought nursery for 3 years in 2020–2022 in Muscatine, IA. Visual- and sensor-based measurements were collected via red green blue, hyperspectral, and multispectral sensors via ground- and unmanned-aerial-vehicle-based platforms. A wide range of phenotypic diversity was observed and slow canopy wilting accessions were identified within three physiological stages for introduction into upper US Midwest breeding programs. Selections concentrating on canopy area production under drought held some overlap with slow wilting selections and also provide additional resources for breeders. Vegetation indices were able to mimic breeder selections for wilting, with red green blue vegetation index achieving up to 87.5% similarity in two years. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoids also demonstrated potential in selecting accessions comparable to breeder choices. Accessions with consistently low wilting scores across multiple years provide valuable resources for drought-tolerance breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study of oil content and fatty acid composition in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under diverse environmental conditions","authors":"Mohammed Elsafy,&nbsp;Wafa Badawi,&nbsp;Ahmed Ibrahim,&nbsp;Amro B. Hassan,&nbsp;Eu Sheng Wang,&nbsp;Elamin Hafiz Baillo,&nbsp;Tilal Sayed Abdelhalim,&nbsp;Prabin Bajgain,&nbsp;Mahbubjon Rahmatov","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.) is a valuable oilseed crop that is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions because of its high oil content and favorable fatty acid profile. This study evaluated 200 genetically diverse genotypes in two distinct environments (Abu-Naama and Matuq) using an augmented block design. We employed three genome-wide association study (GWAS) models (fixed and random model circulating probability unification [FarmCPU], Bayesian information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway [BLINK], and multiple locus mixed model [MLMM]) to dissect the genetic basis of the oleic acid, linoleic acid, and oil content. Across environments, significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers explained 3%–23% of the phenotypic variance, reflecting the quantitative nature of these traits. Notably, four SNPs (<i>Chr1_1693157</i>, <i>Chr3_23284702</i>, <i>Chr5_17024932</i>, and <i>Chr9_1711873</i>) were common across all three models, suggesting stable and robust associations between oleic acid and oil content. Candidate gene analysis revealed four notable sequences linked to these loci: a transcription repressor <i>OFP8</i> (<i>Sesamum alatum</i>), an <i>HVA22-like protein</i>, a <i>3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 3 A</i>, and a putative phospholipid <i>diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2</i> in (<i>S. indicum</i>), all of which may play key roles in oil biosynthesis and accumulation. Environment-specific loci have also emerged for linoleic acid, particularly on chromosomes 6, 9, and 13. These findings provide robust targets for marker-assisted selection and underscore the value of integrating multi-model GWAS and functional validation to develop elite sesame cultivars with improved oil quantity and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elite agronomic performance in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with strong resistance to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) introgressed from Arachis stenosperma","authors":"Emile C. Barnes,&nbsp;Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli,&nbsp;Carolina Ballén-Taborda,&nbsp;Patricia Timper,&nbsp;Brian Abernathy,&nbsp;Nino Brown,&nbsp;Tim B. Brenneman,&nbsp;David J. Bertioli","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Root-knot nematode (RKN) is a major pathogen of cultivated peanut, <i>Arachis hypogaea</i>, that can incur losses of &gt;50% yield. Currently, one source of strong RKN resistance has been introduced into cultivated peanut through introgression from the wild peanut relative <i>A. cardenasii</i>. This resistance has been incorporated into several cultivars and is the only currently available genetic resistance in commercial cultivars; however, growers still favor susceptible cultivars for their superior yield stability and potential. A new source of resistance from the wild species <i>Arachis stenosperma</i> has been introduced to cultivated peanut by backcrossing, conferring near-total immunity to RKN reproduction and galling under controlled conditions. In field trials with and without nematode pressure, we tested the RKN resistance and agronomic performance of a selection of these lines. We found reductions in RKN galling and egg production, averaging 98.6% and 99.1%, respectively, consistent with previous studies. Backcrossed lines with or without the RKN resistance locus were similar or superior to popular peanut cultivars in seedling vigor and stand visual ratings. Under heavy nematode pressure, the resistant backcrossed lines yielded an average of 75% more than popular susceptible cultivars. Without nematode pressure, the yield of the backcrossed lines was statistically indistinguishable from the cultivars. Analysis of agronomically important traits including pod constriction and 100-seed weight showed no significant difference between nematode-resistant lines and the popular cultivar checks. This work shows the potential for peanut cultivars to incorporate RKN resistance from <i>A. stenosperma</i> without losses in agronomic fitness or yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General combining abilities and stability analysis to assess the value of grain sorghum hybrids made across public and private sector breeding programs","authors":"Noah D. Winans,&nbsp;Payne S. Burks,&nbsp;Ramasamy Perumal,&nbsp;Chad M. Hayes,&nbsp;William L. Rooney","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grain sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench] is an important crop worldwide, and in the United States, it is typically grown in drought prone environments. Sorghum has a rich history of public sector improvement by programs at Texas A&amp;M University, Kansas State University, and the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service among others. The discovery and development of hybrid grain sorghum in the 1950s privatized much of the sorghum breeding industry, but the public sector continues to make contributions to sorghum improvement. There is a need to assess the relative merits of different sorghum programs and their complementation. Within this context, this study evaluated the productivity of grain sorghum hybrids made across and within three public and one private sector breeding program. The parents consisted of 12 elite pollinators and 12 elite seed parents from each program crossed in a partial factorial to create over 1200 hybrids that were grown in 25 sparse trials from South Texas through northern Kansas in 2022 and 2023. The highest yielding hybrids were consistently produced using inbreds from different programs, which indicates that inbred exchange can increase hybrid productivity. In addition, the value of specific adaptation to a target region was made apparent by the increase in performance of programs in their primary selection environments. The study herein demonstrated that hybrids made between private and public breeding programs improved performance, highlighted the value of germplasm exchange between private and public sector programs, and encouraged private sector companies to explore the value of incorporating public material into their program.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144292844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustaining public plant breeding programs across generations","authors":"Iago Hale,&nbsp;Jenny Koebernick,&nbsp;Jenna Hershberger,&nbsp;Trevor Rife,&nbsp;Juan-David Arbelaez,&nbsp;Neil Anderson,&nbsp;Anton Bekkerman,&nbsp;Martin Bohn,&nbsp;Fred Bourland,&nbsp;Timothy Burke,&nbsp;Peng Chee,&nbsp;Kate Evans,&nbsp;Nathan Fumia,&nbsp;Mitchell Feldmann,&nbsp;Ksenija Gasic,&nbsp;Steve Hague,&nbsp;Ana María Heilman-Morales,&nbsp;Amanda Hulse Kemp,&nbsp;Carlos Iglesias,&nbsp;Lukas Mueller,&nbsp;Jim Luby,&nbsp;Richard Pratt,&nbsp;Addie Thompson,&nbsp;Richard Vierling,&nbsp;Margaret Worthington,&nbsp;Margaret Smith,&nbsp;Gayle Volk,&nbsp;Marnin Wolfe,&nbsp;Michael Kantar","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant breeding in the public sector is a multigenerational process that creates new plant varieties intended to meet current and future needs of society. Many public sector plant breeding programs are over a century old, and they continue to curate plant genetic resources that are far older still. While individual breeders serve as temporary leaders of these programs and the plant genetic resources they maintain, it is only their institutions that have the capacity to provide the necessary generational glue, enabling the accrual of long-term value to both breeders and society. Identifying best practices to ensure mutual benefit to both public sector breeders and their institutions is critical to achieving the smooth leadership transitions necessary for the sustainability and long-term impact of public breeding programs. The findings presented here suggest that the successful passing of the torch in such programs depends not only on strategic institutional support but also, critically, on the routine actions and mindset of the breeders entrusted with their leadership.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild bee visitation unaffected by disparate nectar phenotypes in a sunflower inbred line population","authors":"Jarrad R. Prasifka,&nbsp;Karen K. Fugate,&nbsp;Brent S. Hulke","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Variation in the quality, quantity, or accessibility of nectar and pollen within plant species is a potential target for plant breeding, both to enhance pollination and to support nutritional needs of pollinators. A biparental population of sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.) inbred lines that varied for nectar quantity and quality was used to determine whether nectar phenotypes influenced wild pollinator preference under field conditions in a primary North American sunflower production area. Under field conditions, nectar quality (% sucrose) was generally lower than in a controlled environment, and % sucrose was inversely related to nectar volume. As a result, inbred lines generally fell into groups with disparate nectar phenotypes that were either high sucrose and low volume or low sucrose and high volume. Nectar accessibility, as measured by floret size, did not differ between the groups. Though pollinator visits to sunflower inbred lines varied approximately threefold and were correlated between years, analyses of covariance on pollinator observations did not show a significant effect of the two common nectar phenotypes in either of 2 years. Several non-mutually exclusive explanations for the lack of effect of nectar phenotype are plausible. Ongoing efforts to enhance sunflower pollination would benefit from additional work with the plant (resolving trait correlations and potential trade-offs), pollinators (discovery of latent factors that may influence bee preference), and the effects of the environment on plant–pollinator interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of long-distance clonal spreading and low genomic diversity of Kikuyu grass from highland livestock farms after a century of intentional introduction in Colombia","authors":"Ivania Cerón-Souza,&nbsp;Javier Castillo-Sierra,&nbsp;Paula H. Reyes-Herrera,&nbsp;Jhon A. Berdugo-Cely,&nbsp;Andrea Parra-Salazar,&nbsp;Daniela Lozano-Arce,&nbsp;Jorge Duitama,&nbsp;Yesid Avellaneda,&nbsp;Juan de Jesús Vargas-Martínez","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kikuyu grass was introduced to Colombia in 1928 as livestock forage at high altitudes. Despite its low genetic diversity, it exhibits substantial phenotypic variation in Colombia, the United States, and Australia. Therefore, it remains unclear whether improvements in livestock productivity in the Colombian highlands should include selection programs. To address this gap, we analyzed diversity using a reduced-representation genome library of 146 samples from livestock farms across six localities at three distinct altitudes. We identified 514 and 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through SNP calling based on the tetraploid whole genome using a de novo strategy and the haploid reference genome of the chloroplast, respectively. The data indicated long-distance clonality, nonsignificant genomic diversity within groups, and low genetic differentiation among groups unrelated to the sampling locations, which ranged from one to five clusters, depending on the SNP calling strategy and missing data thresholds. We concluded that this low diversity pattern aligns with the reported history of farmers progressively dispersing Kikuyu grass samples over long distances, preventing local isolation 96 years after arrival and masking the effects of sexual reproduction. As Colombian law prohibits importing foreign varieties, selection programs should focus on broadening genetic diversity based on a deeper understanding of reproductive strategies using modern omics techniques and developing optimized management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental adaptation of small-seeded lentils (Lens culinaris) in Indian climates: Insights into crop–environment interactions, mega-environments, and breeding approaches","authors":"Ashok Kumar Parihar,&nbsp;Shailesh Tripathi,&nbsp;Kali Krishna Hazra,&nbsp;Amrit Lamichaney,&nbsp;Debjyoti Sen Gupta,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Jai Dev Sharma,&nbsp;Parvez Ahmad Sofi,&nbsp;Ajaz Ahmad Lone,&nbsp;Muniyandi Samuel Jeberson,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar,&nbsp;Sarvjeet Singh,&nbsp;Harsh Kumar Dikshit,&nbsp;Murlidhar Aski,&nbsp;Sumer Singh Punia,&nbsp;Manoj Katiyar,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Subhash Chandra,&nbsp;Chandra Shekhar Mahto,&nbsp;Hironya Kumar Borah,&nbsp;Amitava Banerjee,&nbsp;Arpita Das,&nbsp;Deepak Singh,&nbsp;Sanjeev Gupta,&nbsp;Girish Prasad Dixit","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of diverse environments on agronomic traits of small-seeded lentils in India and to identify strategic environment(s) for crop improvement using empirical approaches. Sixteen small-seeded lentil genotypes were tested across 16 locations, covering North Hill Zone (NHZ), North Western Plain Zone (NWPZ), and North Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ). Crop yield exhibited a quadratic response to maximum temperature during flowering (TMAX_F) and minimum temperature during reproductive period (TMIN_RP), indicating that both higher and lower TMAX_F (optimal = 23.5°C) and TMIN_RP (optimal = 12.0°C) negatively affected yield. Low temperatures extended crop duration, and correlation analysis confirmed that environment-induced variations in vegetative or maturity periods significantly influenced yield, as further validated by regression models and principal component analysis. While an extended reproductive period increased seed weight, its association with grain yield was non-significant. Among the tested zones, NWPZ recorded the highest average yield (1359 kg ha⁻¹), while NEPZ (1269 kg ha⁻¹) demonstrated greater yield consistency across locations. Genotype, environment, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) contributed 6%, 53%, and 36% of the total yield variation, respectively. Biplot analysis identified three distinct mega-environments, with Durgapura (NWPZ), Varanasi (NEPZ), Faizabad (NEPZ), and Berthin (NHZ) emerging as ideal testing sites. This study highlights the significant influence of diverse agroclimatic conditions on crop yield and emphasizes the need for region-specific breeding to harness positive GEI (at mega-environment scale) and to prioritize early flowering and optimal seed traits to achieve broader adaptability across Indian climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticity of maize (Zea mays L.) roots in water-deficient and nitrogen-limited soil","authors":"Yutong Jiang,&nbsp;Joann K. Whalen","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), a versatile global crop with diverse application in food, feed, and industry, experiences production challenges due to water deficits and concurrent nitrogen (N) limitations. Maize relies on multiple root types, including primary, seminal, crown, brace roots, and associated lateral roots, to acquire water and nutrients from the soil. These root types exhibit distinct soil water and N uptake capacities, dynamically adjusting their morphological and anatomical traits to optimize resource uptake. This review summarizes the plastic responses of maize roots to soil water deficit, N limitation, and lack of other essential nutrients. In response to water deficit, maize axial roots bend toward regions with higher water availability and produce more lateral roots. Simultaneously, the diameter of the root xylem decreases, facilitating sustained water uptake from dry soil. In response to N limitation, maize increases lateral root length, reduces xylem area, and increases cortical aerenchyma. This review enhances our understanding of maize root adaptability in water-limited and N-poor soils, offering valuable perspectives on optimizing root growth for improved water and N acquisition.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing genetic variation, genotype-environment interactions, and genomic prediction for cassava garri quality","authors":"Chinedozi Amaefula,&nbsp;Tesfahun Alemu Setotaw,&nbsp;Justice Obinna Okoronkwo,&nbsp;Ugo Chijioke,&nbsp;Lydia Chidinma Ezenwaka,&nbsp;Joseph Onyeka,&nbsp;Ismail Rabbi,&nbsp;Hale Ann Tufan,&nbsp;Chiedozie Ngozi Egesi,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Jannink","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we assessed the genetic and genotype by environment interaction variation and genomic prediction of the garri quality traits of cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz). The study was conducted in the National Root Crop Research Institute experimental sites in Umudike and Otobi, Nigeria, in two planting seasons of 2021 and 2022. We estimated the broad and narrow-sense heritability and correlation among measured physicochemical parameters on the garri and dried cassava roots (chips). A fivefold cross-validation scheme was used to calculate the accuracy of the genomic prediction. A significant negative correlation was observed between dry matter content, swelling index, water absorption capacity, and amylose content in garri. The swelling index had a significant negative correlation with swelling power, bulk density, amylose content of cassava chips, crude fiber, and dry matter content. Bulk density had a significant negative correlation with the crude fiber of garri and a positive correlation with the amylose content of cassava chips, the crude fiber of cassava chips, and the dry matter content. Broad-sense heritability ranged between 0 and 0.19 for garri traits and 0.02 and 0.49 for chips. Narrow-sense heritability ranged between 0 and 0.18 for garri quality traits and 0 and 0.20 for chips. A significant genotype × environment effect was observed for most of the evaluated traits of chips and garri quality. The predictability of the sugar content, swelling index, swelling power, and water absorption capacity of garri was higher than that of the amylose content, bulk density, and starch content of garri. There was low predictive accuracy for the quality traits garri studied. The sugar content, swelling power, and water absorption capacity of cassava chips averaged approximately 20%. This study provides valuable insights into assessing the genetic variation, correlation, and genomic selection within breeding programs aimed at enhancing the quality traits of cassava for end users.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}