Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Marker-assisted selection for combining stem rust and stripe rust resistance in wheat using rye derived genes","authors":"Mahboobeh Yazdani,&nbsp;Rimsha Ashraf,&nbsp;Eva Johansson,&nbsp;Pernilla Vallenback,&nbsp;Mogens S. Hovmøller,&nbsp;Mehran Patpour,&nbsp;Mahbubjon Rahmatov","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stem rust and stripe rust are among the most devastating wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) diseases globally. This study used marker-assisted selection to incorporate two resistance genes, <i>Sr59</i> and <i>YrSLU</i> (where SLU is Swedish University of Agriculture Science), derived from rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.), into elite wheat backgrounds. The initial cross combined <i>Sr59</i> from line <i>TA5095</i> and <i>YrSLU</i> from line #392 using kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers. A three-step crossing scheme integrated these genes into adapted wheat lines. F₁ plants were crossed with the commercial wheat variety Linkert, followed by top-crossing with Navruz. Selected progeny were double top-crossed with an elite breeding line, SLU-Elite, producing generations TT₁ to TT₄ through self-pollination. Plants containing <i>Sr59</i> and <i>YrSLU</i> were identified at each generation using KASP markers. Field trials in the TT₅ generation assessed agronomic performance and increased seed production. In the TT₆ and TT₇ generations, seedling resistance tests confirmed that <i>Sr59</i> conferred robust resistance to <i>Pgt</i> races TTKSK, TTRTF, and TTTTF. <i>YrSLU</i> provided resistance against <i>Pst</i> races <i>Psts10</i>, <i>Psts16</i>, <i>Psts7</i>, and <i>Psts13</i>. However, TT₆ remained segregated for resistance to <i>Pst</i> race <i>Psts7</i> (Warrior). By TT₇, consistent resistance to <i>Psts7</i> was observed in pyramided lines. This study shows the effectiveness of crossing schemes integrating rye-derived resistance genes into wheat. KASP markers enabled precise selection, combining enhanced disease resistance with elite agronomic traits. These findings demonstrate a practical approach to improving wheat's resilience to rust diseases through targeted breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of diagnostic kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers for selection of crown rust resistance in oats","authors":"Duong T. Nguyen,&nbsp;David Lewis,&nbsp;Eva C. Henningsen,&nbsp;Rohit Mago,&nbsp;Jana Sperschneider,&nbsp;Peter N. Dodds,&nbsp;Melania Figueroa","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crown rust disease, caused by <i>Puccinia coronata</i> f. sp. <i>avenae</i>, poses a significant threat to global oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) production. Molecular markers are essential to assist in the integration of multiple resistance genes into a single oat cultivar to achieve genetic resistance durability. Here, we validated previously reported markers for the race-specific resistance genes <i>Pc39</i>, <i>Pc45</i>/<i>PcKM</i>, <i>Pc54</i>, and <i>Pc68</i> and developed new kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers closely linked to these loci. These markers were subsequently screened across a collection of 150 oat cultivars. Analysis of molecular marker data, pedigree information, and disease resistance profiles identified several oat cultivars likely carrying <i>Pc39</i> and <i>Pc68</i>. Newly identified carriers of <i>Pc68</i> include the cultivars Galileo and Graza80, while Warrego, Kowari, Possum, Forester, Drummond, Hokonui, Glider, and Culgoa were identified as potential carriers of <i>Pc39</i>. Discrepancies between the previous postulation of <i>Pc</i> gene carriers and our phenotyping and genotyping analysis were also found. For example, the oat line Glider was previously postulated to carry <i>Pc58</i> or <i>Pc59</i>, but it was positive for the <i>Pc39</i>-associated marker and had a similar resistance profile to <i>Pc39</i> carriers. These findings underscore the importance of the utilization of molecular markers in tracking the resistance genes in breeding germplasm.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heritability, heterosis, and hybrid/inbred classification ability of maize leaf hyperspectral signals under changing soil nitrogen","authors":"Deniz Istipliler,&nbsp;Michael C. Tross,&nbsp;Brooke Bouwens,&nbsp;Hongyu Jin,&nbsp;Yufeng Ge,&nbsp;Jinliang Yang,&nbsp;Ravi V. Mural,&nbsp;James C. Schnable","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the use of leaf hyperspectral data to understand genetic and environmental influences on maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) leaf reflectance and its implications for genetic analysis. The Backcrossed Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (BGEM) panel was grown under two nitrogen regimes, low nitrogen (LN) and high nitrogen (HN), at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Havelock Farm in 2022. Hyperspectral reflectance data were collected using Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) FieldSpec 4 spectroradiometers. Statistical analyses revealed significant genetic and environmental contributions to leaf reflectance, with nitrogen treatments driving substantial variation, particularly in the visible (VIS) spectrum. Wavelengths around 550 and 710 nm showed high sensitivity to nitrogen levels, with reflectance increasing under LN conditions. Leaf reflectance traits demonstrated moderate to high heritability, especially in the VIS and shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions. Six heterotic hotspots were identified along the spectrum, showing relatively high mid-parent heterosis (MPH). Machine learning models were tested for inbred/hybrid classification based on hyperspectral data, with logistic regression (LOGREG) achieving the highest generalization accuracy (0.60) on independent datasets. Models trained on HN data performed better overall. This research opens avenues for leveraging hyperspectral data in breeding programs and genetic studies. Further work, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), is needed to determine the genetic basis of specific wavelengths and their role in heterosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of the PR-1 gene family and functional analysis of MsPR-1-12 under drought stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)","authors":"Yanpeng Li,&nbsp;Chao Sui,&nbsp;Na Wei,&nbsp;Weixuan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhipeng Liu,&nbsp;Wengang Xie,&nbsp;Wenxian Liu","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.), a vital leguminous forage crop, faces growth and distribution constraints due to abiotic stresses, such as drought. Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) is a major class of plant defense proteins involved in responses to environmental stress. However, the distribution and functional roles of the <i>PR-1</i> gene family in alfalfa under drought stress remain largely unexplored. Nineteen <i>MsPR-1</i> genes were identified in the alfalfa genome through systematic screening, with phylogenetic clustering dividing these genes into three evolutionarily distinct clades. Expression profiling highlighted <i>MsPR-1-12</i> as a candidate gene for drought tolerance. Subcellular localization indicated that <i>MsPR-1-12</i> is localized to the nucleus membranes and cellular membranes. Furthermore, reverse transcription and quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) analysis demonstrated a significant upregulation of <i>MsPR-1-12</i> under drought stress. Heterologous expression of <i>MsPR-1-12</i> in yeast conferred enhanced drought resistance. These findings provide novel insights into the <i>MsPR-1</i> gene family in alfalfa and offer valuable genetic resources for the development of drought-tolerant alfalfa varieties through genetic engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus and potassium management in alfalfa production under varied calcium and magnesium soil conditions with harvesting regimes","authors":"Michael M. Baidoo,&nbsp;M. Anowarul Islam,&nbsp;Michael B. Atiemo,&nbsp;Mohammed Munkaila,&nbsp;Chandan Shilpakar","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forage productivity is intrinsically linked to soil nutrient availability, influenced by soil pH, moisture, texture, organic matter, available nutrients, crop and cultivar selection, and climate. Alfalfa's (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) high demand for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) can deplete soil reserves by up to 120 kg P ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and 400 kg K ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, necessitating informed fertility management strategies for enhanced yield and quality. Simply applying P and K alone is insufficient without considering relative concentrations of other nutrients such as soil exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and cutting schedules. This review explores optimal fertility practices, including integrated nutrient management and harvest timing. It underscores the need for further research to investigate the interactions involving P, K, Ca, and Mg on alfalfa's agronomic performance. It aims to clarify the mechanisms of nutrient availability and uptake, correlate nutrient management with harvest timing, and develop region-specific fertility programs that account for K, Ca, and Mg-rich soils. For example, studies suggest that an integrated nutrient management approach can increase alfalfa yield by 15%–20% and improve forage quality. By addressing these needs, growers can enhance alfalfa productivity, optimize forage yield and quality, and support sustainable agricultural practices. The review concludes that integrating nutrient management with harvest timing can be critical to the maintenance of a healthy and productive alfalfa stand, leading to more resilient and sustainable forage production. This integrated approach represents a novel strategy in optimizing alfalfa cultivation, paving the way for future research and advancements in sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring preharvest sprouting (PHS) and late-maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in wheat through proteomics: A review","authors":"John H. Kelly,&nbsp;Alison L. Thompson,&nbsp;Amber L. Hauvermale","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate fluctuations have made it increasingly difficult for growers to maintain the quality and quantity of their grain to a degree that is satisfactory to buyers. Challenges for growers are preharvest sprouting (PHS) and late-maturity alpha-amylase (LMA), which are influenced by weather and genetic differences between varieties. Both lead to the expression of alpha-amylase enzymes in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) grain, which degrade starches in the endosperm. Starch degradation drastically reduces the quality of food products that can be made from the affected wheat, leading to substantial financial losses for the grain industry. Identifying PHS and LMA depends on the Hagberg–Perten falling number (FN) test. While the industry standard, the FN test is not easily deployable at farms or elevators due to capital equipment costs and low test throughput. As a result, there is an increased risk of inadvertent mixing of affected grain with unaffected grain. Emerging literature suggests that LMA impacts end-use quality differently than PHS. However, the FN test is unable to differentiate between PHS and LMA, which limits grain management strategies. Cost-effective tests that can rapidly detect and differentiate between PHS and LMA may help to prevent inadvertent mixing and enhance breeding for tolerant varieties. A deeper understanding of changes in protein expression during PHS and LMA is needed for improving test development and targeted breeding. This review seeks to define the current understanding of changes in the wheat grain proteome during PHS and LMA, and the impact on end-use quality of wheat.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian probabilistic selection index in the selection of common bean families","authors":"José Tiago Barroso Chagas,&nbsp;Kaio Olimpio das Graças Dias,&nbsp;Vinicius Quintão Carneiro,&nbsp;Lawrência Maria Conceição De Oliveira,&nbsp;Núbia Xavier Nunes,&nbsp;José Domingos Pereira Júnior,&nbsp;Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro,&nbsp;José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Selecting progenies evaluated in different seasons, locations, and years is a challenge for breeders in plant breeding programs. This is because different environmental conditions can lead to differential expression of genes involved in controlling traits of interest, resulting in the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. Utilizing the G × E interaction appropriately can enhance the selection of multiple traits when progenies are evaluated in different environments. Probabilistic Bayesian models have shown the ability to consider the effects of the G × E interaction to calculate the risk of recommending a given candidate genotype for selection. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to propose a selection index based on probabilistic Bayesian models and to apply it to a selection of bean families. To this end, 380 common bean families from the third recurrent selection cycle of the carioca common bean breeding program at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) were evaluated over four environments for the following traits: grain yield (GY), commercial grain appearance (CGA), and plant architecture (PA). Based on the proposed Bayesian probabilistic selection index (BPSI), which ranks the multitrait superior performance of families across environments, and a selection intensity of 10%, 12 superior families were identified. These families had a higher probability of superior performance in all environments for the traits GY (28%), CGA (52%), and PA (62%) simultaneously compared to the check cultivars. Compared to other indices, the BPSI selects families with lower sum ranks, for example, top positions have a probability of superior performance across environments, and with at least 42% of families that do not match other indices. The BPSI selection index showed promise for selecting families in a common bean breeding program.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curative fungicide scheduling and bentgrass disease resistance affects dollar spot control","authors":"Pingyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Bruce B. Clarke,&nbsp;Daniel L. Ward,&nbsp;James A. Murphy","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bentgrass (<i>Agrostis</i> spp.) cultivars vary in resistance to dollar spot caused by <i>Clarireedia jacksonii</i>. Using a damage threshold to schedule fungicide applications has potential for reducing fungicide inputs. Two field trials managed as fairway turf in North Brunswick, NJ, from 2018 to 2021 assessed the effectiveness of damage threshold fungicide schedules to control dollar spot on bentgrass cultivars varying in disease resistance. Two factorially arranged randomized complete block designs (3 × 6 and 3 × 9, non-inoculated and inoculated, respectively) were used. A fungicide scheduling factor included a calendar schedule and two damage threshold schedules that applied fungicides either within 24 h or the next application day (NAD) once a 105 mm² m⁻² of symptomatic area was observed. The cultivar factor included six (Trial 1) and nine (Trial 2) bentgrass entries ranging from low to high dollar spot resistance. Damage threshold schedules on the resistant cultivar Declaration reduced fungicide inputs up to 78% compared to the calendar schedule. Reduced fungicide inputs for each cultivar were achieved by delaying disease onset in the non-inoculated trial and extending the application interval in both trials. The 24-h threshold schedule controlled dollar spot equivalent to the calendar schedule on more resistant cultivars. There was a lower risk of severe disease outbreaks when threshold applications were applied on the NAD schedule compared to the calendar schedule on the resistant cultivars. Thus, using a low damage threshold to apply fungicides on resistant bentgrass can effectively control dollar spot with fewer fungicide inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding for cold tolerance in common annual legume cover crops","authors":"Raksha Thapa,&nbsp;Solveig Hanson,&nbsp;Jian Hua,&nbsp;Virginia M. Moore","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There has been a significant increase in cover crop adoption, with land use nearly doubling over the last decade. Winter legume cover crops provide several ecosystem services, such as weed suppression and reducing soil erosion, while serving as an excellent nitrogen source for subsequent cash crops. Hairy vetch (<i>Vicia villosa</i> R.), crimson clover (<i>Trifolium incarnatum</i>), and winter pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) are three major winter annual legume cover crops in the United States. However, varying winter survival rates have reduced their reliability compared with winter hardy grasses like cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i>). Winter hardy cultivars have been selected and bred in winter pea, which are also used as food and forage crops, but fewer breeding efforts toward cold tolerance have been made in hairy vetch or crimson clover. Despite the current breeding efforts, all three species can suffer from winter damage in the winter hardiness zone 6 and below. Developing winter hardy annual legume cover crops requires a multifaceted approach, including cultivar selection and hybridization, quantitative trait locus isolation, management practice improvement, and identification of new sources of winter hardiness. Cold acclimation, deacclimation resistance, and reacclimation potential are possible mechanisms to explore in the cold tolerance of these winter cover crops. Cold tolerance can be evaluated in field and controlled environments using visual scoring, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion leakage assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAS-derived vegetation indices detect wheat leaf rust infection and its influence on grain yield and canopy temperature","authors":"Rahul Raman,&nbsp;Haly L. Neely,&nbsp;Nithya Rajan,&nbsp;Mahendra Bhandari,&nbsp;Jeffrey Siegfried,&nbsp;Amir M. H. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Curtis B. Adams,&nbsp;Robert H. Hardin","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leaf rust is a major biotic factor affecting wheat yield globally. However, the visual scoring technique to assess fungal disease in breeding programs requires significant expert manual labor and time. Unmanned aerial systems have the potential to scan large acreage in a short time for disease screening. An experiment was conducted at College Station and Castroville, TX, in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to assess the performance of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference red edge index (NDRE), and green chlorophyll index (GCI) in detecting leaf rust infection. Other measurements included proximal canopy temperature, grain yield, and visual screening for infection type and severity. A significant positive relationship (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>R</i>² = 0.42–0.62) of grain yield with all three vegetation indices (VIs) was observed in mid-April 2019 at College Station. At College Station, the highest leaf rust severity coincided with the senescence stage in mid-April 2020. No relationship between the VIs and grain yield was observed. In mid-April 2020, when the leaf rust infection was high, the VIs showed a significant negative relationship (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05; <i>R</i>² = 0.27) with grain yield at Castroville. All three VIs showed a significant linear negative relationship with canopy temperature at College Station (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05; <i>R</i>² = 0.3–0.34) and Castroville (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>R</i>² = 0.52–0.54) in mid-April 2020. At high leaf rust severity, the repeatability of GCI was less than NDVI and NDRE at both locations in 2019 and 2020. These results may differ if multiple factors affect winter wheat simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}