Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Long‐term stability of RNAi‐mediated gene silencing in high‐oleic soybean lines","authors":"Jéssica Carrijo, Júlio Carlyle Macedo Rodrigues, Kenny Bonfim, Elínea de Oliveira Freitas, Renan Miguel dos Anjos, Nicolau Brito da Cunha, Elibio Leopoldo Rech, Giovanni Rodrigues Vianna","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70346","url":null,"abstract":"In Brazil, renewable biofuel is mainly produced from soybean [ <jats:italic>Glycine max</jats:italic> (L.) Merr.] oil. Typically, soybean‐derived oil contains approximately 25% of the monounsaturated oleic acid, 13% of the saturated fatty acid palmitic, and 55% of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) linoleic acid. The high PUFA profile negatively affects biofuel performance, reducing oxidative stability, whereas saturated fatty acid content reduces viscosity and cold flow performance. Increasing the content of oleic acid at the expense of PUFA concentration is a desirable trait for biofuel quality. In an earlier study conducted by our group, using RNA interference (RNAi) technology, a cellular mechanism responsible for post‐transcriptional gene silencing, generated a high‐oleic, low‐palmitic acid soybean line, designated event 65‐25. Now, in this report, we show the stability of the RNAi line 65‐25 for 15 generations (10 years). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) originating from the RNAi construction was detected in the generation of the original 65‐25 event. Additionally, analyses of the expression of fatty acid biosynthesis genes, particularly the genes encoding for delta‐12 desaturase (FAD2), delta‐15 desaturase (FAD3), and the fatty acyl‐acyl carrier protein thioesterase B (FATB), were compared to the wild‐type (WT) soybean line, Conquista from Embrapa, with the high‐oleic lines. In the analyzed lines derived from 65‐25, <jats:italic>FAD2</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>FAD3</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>FATB</jats:italic> genes were downregulated compared to WT plants. Oil profile analysis showed that the RNAi lines retained a more than twofold increase in oleic acid seed content relative to WT line. Our data confirm that the RNAi transgene remained stable for over 15 generations in soybean seeds. These RNAi lines consistently downregulate key genes in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway— <jats:italic>FAD2‐1</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>FAD2‐2</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>FAD3</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>FATB1</jats:italic> —leading to enhanced oleic acid content in mature seeds.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148717284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thanks to our Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148717290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CSSA Fellows","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148717288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop Science Society of America Presidents","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148717289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean variety development using aerial imagery and machine learning enabled phenomic-assisted selection","authors":"Joscif Raigne,&nbsp;Somak Dutta,&nbsp;Arti Singh,&nbsp;Soumik Sarkar,&nbsp;Baskar Ganapathysubramanian,&nbsp;Asheesh K. Singh","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70341","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70341","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traditional yield trials (YTs) are resource-intensive and often limit genetic gain. This study assesses uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV)-based multispectral sensing for high-throughput seed yield prediction for phenomic-assisted selection (PAS) in a soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] cultivar development program. UAV data were collected at three growth stages across <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mo>&gt;</mo>\u0000 <annotation>$&gt;$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>54,000 soybean breeding plots over 3 years in Iowa using multispectral reflectance. Minimal performance loss was observed across ground sampling distances of 2.89–5.78 cm, suggesting that higher altitude flights are viable. Random forest models were trained and analyzed using raw band and derived multispectral vegetation index features from progeny row (PR) and YT breeding plots separately. Integrating at least two time points, especially later ones, improved predictive power compared to a single time point. Model performance was evaluated on independent field trials to assess PAS. Raw bands and the two vegetation index (VI) feature groups showed similar predictive power with an average <i>R</i><span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow></mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <annotation>$^2$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> in PRs of 0.61 and YTs of 0.71. Red-edge and NIR bands, and VIs incorporating them, were the most robust. Models achieved sensitivities of up to 0.57, specificities of 0.93, and accuracies of 0.87 at selection thresholds of 10%–30%. A case study comparing PAS with breeder selections showed average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Spearman correlation values of 0.79, 0.67, 0.85, and 0.71, respectively. These findings show that UAV-based PAS is a high-throughput, scalable decision-support tool that can assist in earlier identification of promising and poor-performing breeding lines, potentially reducing reliance on end-of-season harvest data.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148717285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of fertilizer calendar blackout restrictions and recycled wastewater irrigation on St. Augustinegrass lawns: II. Nutrient concentration in leachate and soil accumulation","authors":"Patrick H. McLoughlin,&nbsp;Mary Lusk,&nbsp;J. Bryan Unruh,&nbsp;Jason Kruse,&nbsp;Marco Schiavon","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70350","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Proper management of St. Augustinegrass grown on Florida's sandy soils is critical for water quality protection, yet interactions between municipal fertilizer blackout ordinances, recycled wastewater (RWW) irrigation, and newer cultivars remain understudied. RWW often contains elevated nutrients that may inadvertently contribute to leaching, which is relevant within the realm of nutrient restriction strategies. This 2-year field study conducted in Davie, FL, evaluated the interactive effects of irrigation source, nitrogen rates (0, 98, and 196 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹), and blackout scheduling on nutrient leaching and soil nutrient accumulation in CitraBlue St. Augustinegrass. Leachate was extracted weekly via suction lysimeters and analyzed for oxidized nitrogen (NO_x─N), nitrite, ammonium, and orthophosphate. Results identified irrigation source as a primary driver of nutrient export. RWW supplied more than 188 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ from irrigation alone and increased NO_x-N leaching two- to threefold relative to canal water. RWW was the sole source of orthophosphate input in this study. Additionally, RWW significantly increased soil phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca) accumulation. Notably, blackout scheduling failed to reduce total nutrient export. Under this scheduling, applications at 196 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ triggered peaks in ammonium and nitrite losses. Conversely, the 98 kg N ha⁻¹ rate minimized leaching comparable to controls even under blackout scheduling. This study demonstrates that nutrient-rich RWW is a primary driver of nitrogen and phosphorus presence in leachate and that blackout period fertilization at 196 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ can induce increases in nitrite and ammonium concentration in leachate.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148717286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Components of resistance to rust disease in lentil: Implications for breeding","authors":"Simran Kaur,&nbsp;Rajnish K. Verma,&nbsp;Sunil Kashyap,&nbsp;Ashwini Basandrai,&nbsp;Daisy Basandrai,&nbsp;Kuldeep Tripathi,&nbsp;Asmita Sirari","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70342","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lentil (<i>Lens culinaris</i> Medik.) is an important pulse crop worldwide, but its productivity is severely threatened by rust caused by <i>Uromyces viciae-fabae</i>, making the identification and deployment of resistant genotypes essential for sustainable production. In the present study, a diverse set of lentil lines was screened under natural epiphytotic conditions at Gurdaspur, India, during the 2023–2024 and 2024–2025 winter seasons to evaluate disease reaction and infection type. A subset of 43 lines exhibiting diverse resistance responses in 2023–2024 was further assessed under artificial conditions to analyze resistance components, including latent period (LP50), pustule density, uredial and aecial pustule size, rust severity, infection efficiency (IE), and apparent infection rate. Six lines, namely, DKL 37-7, DKL 13-2-2, EC 1–7, DKL 13-4-7, LL 1698, and Vipasha, exhibited immune reactions with no visible symptoms, whereas IC-241249, DKL 13-4-9, DKL 13-4-5, EC 1–2, and EC 1–3 showed near-immune resistance characterized by necrotic flecks. In addition, 36 lines displayed non-hypersensitive reactions to rust. Significant genotypic variation was observed for all resistance components. LP50 showed strong negative correlations with IE (<i>r</i> = −0.84), uredial pustule size (<i>r</i> = −0.74), and spore count per pustule (<i>r</i> = −0.83), indicating its critical role in slowing disease development. This study not only identifies a novel set of immune and near-immune lentil lines but also quantitatively dissects the components of partial resistance, highlighting LP50 as the most critical component of field resistance. The identified donors with known resistance types and knowledge of critical components of resistance are important for precision breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genebank accessions based on response to multiple drought types and diseases, multilocation testing, and determination of breeding values","authors":"Ram Baran Yadaw,&nbsp;Rolando O. Torres,&nbsp;Somnath Roy,&nbsp;Suresh Prasad Singh,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar,&nbsp;Jyothi Badri,&nbsp;Santosh Tripathi,&nbsp;Archana Prasad,&nbsp;Fahamida Akter,&nbsp;Rudra Bhattarai,&nbsp;Marinell R. Quintana,&nbsp;Mignon A. Natividad,&nbsp;Ma. Teresita Sta Cruz,&nbsp;Marjorie De Ocampo,&nbsp;Ian Paul Navea,&nbsp;Daniel Joseph N. Pisano,&nbsp;Challa Venkateshwarlu,&nbsp;Anitha Raman,&nbsp;Someshwar Bhagat,&nbsp;Dipankar Maiti,&nbsp;Sankar Prasad Das,&nbsp;Padmini Swain,&nbsp;T. Ram,&nbsp;S. B. Verulkar,&nbsp;Shravan K. Singh,&nbsp;Nimai P. Mandal,&nbsp;Giovanny Covarrubias-Pazaran,&nbsp;Casiana Vera Cruz,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar,&nbsp;Amelia Henry","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70332","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although multi-location testing is rarely used to assess potential donor lines/landraces, it may improve the rigor of pinpointing the most promising stress-tolerant accessions. Furthermore, consideration of additional traits such as disease resistance and agronomic traits may reduce the amount of further improvement required after crossing landraces with an elite line. This study was conducted to address these factors that affect the efficiency and effectiveness of using rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) landraces as stress tolerance donors. We conducted a series of drought donor screenings starting with six separate batches of ∼100 accessions (one batch per year) at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines, that were evaluated under reproductive stage lowland and upland drought, seedling stage upland drought, lowland well-watered conditions, and in response to bacterial blight and blast, followed by multi-location testing across 11 drought-prone sites in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. The selected lines from all batches were then evaluated together under the three types of drought and in a natural blast nursery in India. Genome-wide association study was conducted on yield data from the ∼100 selections per year with available sequence data. Total genetic values and genomically estimated breeding values were determined, and example target yield and agronomic values were used to calculate selection index values for each accession. This dataset could be used by any breeding program by adjusting the target agronomic values based on the specific aims of individual breeding programs in order to identify donors for drought tolerance while taking into account the needs of the targeted market segment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Awards","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of regulated deficit irrigation scheduling for seed yield production in buffalograss","authors":"Chu Wang,&nbsp;Xinyue Qu,&nbsp;Kai Zhu,&nbsp;Yuting Wang,&nbsp;YanYan Bai,&nbsp;Maona Li,&nbsp;Yan Sun","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The crop water production function (CWPF) is a crucial tool for quantifying the influence of irrigation on crop water productivity (WP) and is widely used in irrigation scheduling. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) enhances WP by aligning crop's water needs with critical growth stages, but this complicates the development of an accurate CWPF. Here, we conducted a 2-year field experiment to evaluate the effect of RDI on buffalograss (<i>Buchloe dactyloides</i> (Nutt.) Engelm.) seed yield and WP, and to further optimize CWPF using Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm. In 2022 and 2023, RDI field experiments were applied at two growth stages (vegetative stage [VG] and reproductive growth stage [RG]) with five irrigation levels on buffalograss in Hebei Province, China. The results demonstrated that RDI increased seed yield and WP by 54% and 34%, respectively, compared to full irrigation. Water stress was more critical during the RG compared to the VG, with sensitivity coefficients of 0.5 and 0.6. Seed yield showed a nonlinear response to actual water consumption (actual crop evapotranspiration [ET_{c act}]), with the quadratic function giving a higher <i>R</i>² (0.65) than the linear function (0.53), suggesting that nonlinear responses should be considered in CWPF development under RDI conditions. The GPR-based CWPF performed well with the limited experimental data. The optimized CWPF indicated that applying 65.1 mm of ET_{c act} during the VG and 101.0 mm during the RG maximized seed yield in buffalograss production.</p>","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}