Crop Science最新文献_第5页

Genome-wide association mapping of resistance to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation and haplotype analysis in a diverse barley collection 大麦品种抗枯萎病与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇积累的全基因组关联图谱及单倍型分析

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70119

Rae Page, Ahmad H. Sallam, Tamas Szinyei, Oadi Matny, Joseph Wodarek, Brian J. Steffenson

{"title":"Genome-wide association mapping of resistance to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation and haplotype analysis in a diverse barley collection","authors":"Rae Page, Ahmad H. Sallam, Tamas Szinyei, Oadi Matny, Joseph Wodarek, Brian J. Steffenson","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70119","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically damaging fungal disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare). Improving host resistance to FHB and the resultant accumulation of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium graminearum, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), is one of the most effective approaches for disease control and reduction of economic losses. Unfortunately, breeding for resistance to FHB in barley is difficult due to the highly quantitative nature of the trait. Numerous mapping studies have identified many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to FHB and DON accumulation in barley; however, most contribute only small effects or are coincident with undesirable agro-morphological traits (e.g., heading date and plant height). Genome-wide association mapping panels have the potential to capture more QTLs than biparental mapping populations as they are comprised of diverse individuals that may possess different genes/alleles for the traits of interest, rather than just those originating from two parents. A diverse panel of 234 barley accessions was assembled, evaluated in multi-year and multi-environment field trials, and genotyped to identify QTL controlling FHB severity and DON concentration in grain. Multiple FHB (n = 24) and DON (n = 20) QTLs were detected, some of which were notably independent of QTL influencing heading date, plant height, and row type. These significant QTLs were used to generate multi-marker haplotypes in relevant genomic regions. Haplotype-trait associations were then tested in the panel, and the haplotype diversity was explored. Haplotype patterns at resistance QTLs were used to assess which accessions would best complement one another for use in breeding for resistance.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of select spring barley accessions for resistance to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation 春大麦品种抗枯萎病和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇积累的评价

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70095

Rae Page, Ahmad H. Sallam, Tamas Szinyei, Oadi Matny, Joseph Wodarek, Brian Steffenson

{"title":"Evaluation of select spring barley accessions for resistance to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation","authors":"Rae Page, Ahmad H. Sallam, Tamas Szinyei, Oadi Matny, Joseph Wodarek, Brian Steffenson","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70095","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease of barley caused primarily by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, causes significant yield losses and grain contamination with mycotoxins. Enhancing resistance to FHB and the resultant accumulation of mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), is an effective and economical method of reducing losses caused by this disease. A diverse panel of 234 barley accessions from worldwide origins was assembled and evaluated in head-to-head comparisons over multi-year and multi-environment field trials to identify those that perform consistently well with respect to FHB resistance and DON accumulation under Upper Midwest conditions. In addition to these two traits, row type, heading date, plant height, kernel density, and node density assessments were also recorded to investigate the relationship between these agro-morphological traits and both DON concentration and FHB severity. Accessions were genotyped with a barley 50k single nucleotide polymorphism microarray in order to assess their population structure and genetic relationships and also investigate patterns of disease resistance. Several accessions originating from diverse backgrounds were identified as having moderately high resistance to FHB and/or DON accumulation. However, most accessions with low disease severity and mycotoxin accumulation also had undesirable agro-morphological traits, a challenge in breeding for FHB resistance in barley. The data generated in this study will be a valuable resource for resistance breeding and genetic mapping of resistance to FHB and DON accumulation.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic enhancement of seed protein in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh Maesen] 鸽豆种子蛋白的遗传增强研究[j]Millspaugh Maesen]

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70130

K. B. Saxena, R. K. Saxena, N. Srivastava, R. V. Kumar

{"title":"Genetic enhancement of seed protein in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh Maesen]","authors":"K. B. Saxena, R. K. Saxena, N. Srivastava, R. V. Kumar","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70130","url":null,"abstract":"Protein-energy malnutrition is a widespread social issue, particularly in Asia and Africa, where the availability of protein is about one-third of the natural requirements. Legumes are known for their high-protein grains, but the current protein harvests from this group of crops are not enough to meet the nutritional demand of the growing population. In this context, genetic enhancement of protein in pulses offers hope for additional protein supplies. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT) made efforts in this direction by breeding high-protein pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh Maesen] cultivars. The new genotypes were bred using three wild species as protein donors. These inbreds not only were high yielding (1700–2100 kg ha−1) but also had high protein (27%–30%) content, reflecting significant genetic advance for this trait. It was also estimated that cultivation of such cultivars on one hectare would yield an additional 80,000–100,000 g of protein for consumption. Also, their biological assessment, using Wistar male rats, revealed that the estimates of protein digestibility, biological value, and net protein utilization were similar to that of the popular cultivar. But, on account of greater availability of protein, the newly bred genotypes can be rated nutritionally superior to the present-day cultivars. Therefore, it is concluded that in pigeonpea, the genetic enhancement of seed protein without sacrificing yield is a viable plant breeding option. This process can be enhanced if the recently evolved genomics knowledge and technologies are used to assist in achieving nutritional food security.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Straw and hairy vetch incorporation enhances soil fertility and crop yield stability in a 9-year sequence 禾草与野豌豆混作可提高土壤肥力和作物9年产量稳定性

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70097

J. W. Hou, C. D. Wu, C. F. Xing, N. Zhao, T. T. Zhang, J. M. Liang, H. An, J. Zhang, H. Q. Lan, Z. C. Bai, Y. Duan, Y. F. Hao, M. H. Tao, J. M. An, B. L. Fan

{"title":"Straw and hairy vetch incorporation enhances soil fertility and crop yield stability in a 9-year sequence","authors":"J. W. Hou, C. D. Wu, C. F. Xing, N. Zhao, T. T. Zhang, J. M. Liang, H. An, J. Zhang, H. Q. Lan, Z. C. Bai, Y. Duan, Y. F. Hao, M. H. Tao, J. M. An, B. L. Fan","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70097","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the synergistic effects of different residues on soil fertility and crop yield stability remains limited, particularly in arid irrigation districts. This study investigated the effects of combined straw and Vicia villosa Roth (hairy vetch) incorporation on soil properties and crop productivity in a 9-year wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.)–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) sequence in the Hetao irrigation district. Four management strategies were compared: residue removal with fertilization (CK), straw incorporation with fertilization (S), hairy vetch incorporation with fertilization (V), and combined straw and hairy vetch incorporation with fertilization (SV). After two sequence cycles, S, V, and SV treatments significantly enhanced soil organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and the integrated fertility index (IFI) compared to CK. Temporal yield stability was assessed as coefficient of variation (CV). Temporal yield stability varied among crops, with CV ranges of 2.35%–3.87% for wheat, 3.26%–10.02% for maize, and 3.99%–26.19% for sunflower. The SV treatment provided optimal yield stability across all crops in each rotation cycle and significantly increased maize yield (p < 0.05). Variance decomposition analysis identified crop-specific yield drivers: available potassium primarily influenced wheat yield, hairy vetch return amount drove maize yield, while weather variables (temperature and precipitation) predominantly affected sunflower yield. For the overall sequence system, combined straw and hairy vetch return amount, IFI, and available nitrogen were key determinants. Our findings demonstrate that both combined straw and hairy vetch incorporation improves soil fertility and achieves optimal yield stability, representing the most sustainable management strategy for this system.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic characterization and confirmation of stem rust resistance (Sr) genes in Rusty-derived durum monogenic lines 铁锈源硬膜单基因系茎秆抗锈病基因的遗传鉴定与鉴定

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70134

Daryl L. Klindworth, Jason D. Fiedler, Yue Jin, Timothy L. Friesen, Kirk M. Anderson, Dhondup Lhamo, Steven S. Xu, Amanda R. Peters Haugrud

{"title":"Genetic characterization and confirmation of stem rust resistance (Sr) genes in Rusty-derived durum monogenic lines","authors":"Daryl L. Klindworth, Jason D. Fiedler, Yue Jin, Timothy L. Friesen, Kirk M. Anderson, Dhondup Lhamo, Steven S. Xu, Amanda R. Peters Haugrud","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70134","url":null,"abstract":"Improved genetic stocks carrying stem rust resistance (Sr) genes are important tools for combating stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks and E. Henn) in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn). Tetraploid wheat lines Vernal, Khapli, CItr8155, and ST464 were important sources of Sr genes in durum cultivars in the mid-20th century. Six Sr genes derived from these four lines were transferred to a near-isogenic Rusty background. Our objective was to use race specificity tests, gene mapping, haplotyping, and sequencing to postulate and validate the genes in each line. Based on race specificity testing and haplotyping with IWB10588, we concluded that both Rusty-8155B1 and Rusty-ST464A1 carried Sr8155B1. Gene sequencing was used to identify Sr9e haplotypes, and we determined that Rusty-ST464A2 and Rusty-VnB1 carried Sr9e_h1 and Sr9e_h2, respectively. Gene mapping located the Sr gene in Rusty-KLA to the distal region of 4AL, and we concluded Rusty-KLA carries Sr7a. Gene mapping located the gene in Rusty-KLD to chromosome 1B. Based on this location and race specificity testing, we concluded that the gene in Rusty-KLD was Sr14. Race specificity testing where the five identified Sr genes/alleles are incorporated into monogenic Rusty backgrounds will be useful as phenotyping checks. Because it carries adult plant resistance to TTKSK, Rusty-KLD carrying Sr14 may be useful in breeding, but, the other genes are already widely present in durum, and their monogenic lines may have limited breeding value. Markers linked to Sr14 will be useful in subsequent studies including gene sequencing.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revealing the genetic potential of wild barley to water deficit using a nested backcrossing approach 利用巢式回交方法揭示野生大麦对水分亏缺的遗传潜力

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70124

Baran Najafipour, Aghafakhr Mirlohi, Mohammad Mahdi Majidi, Ghodratollah Saeidi, Mozhgan Abtahi, Mohammad Barati

{"title":"Revealing the genetic potential of wild barley to water deficit using a nested backcrossing approach","authors":"Baran Najafipour, Aghafakhr Mirlohi, Mohammad Mahdi Majidi, Ghodratollah Saeidi, Mozhgan Abtahi, Mohammad Barati","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70124","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic resources of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) may contain novel alleles for improving the abiotic stress tolerance of modern barley, including drought. To address this, a nested backcross population (NBP) was developed by crossing 21 wild barley accessions to the Ryhan03 cultivar, and the F1 progenies were backcrossed to Ryhan03 once. Parental accessions and 443 NBP developed lines were field evaluated for several agronomic traits and drought tolerance scores under well-watered and water-deficit treatments (40% and 85% soil water depletion, respectively) during 2017–2019, corresponding to the BC1F1, BC1F2, and BC1F3 generations. The NBP segregated for traits of interest, including grain yield, its components, and drought tolerance, indicating considerable potential for improving barley for grain yield and stress tolerance. For height and peduncle length, the population means were close to the value of wild parents. The mean values of grain yield for most families were higher than the wild parents and close to the value of Ryhan03. Favorable transgressive phenotypes occurred for grain yield and stress tolerance score, indicating the possibility of the genetic improvement of both traits simultaneously. Overall, wild parents P12, P13, P14, and P15 were identified as having utility for the genetic improvement of cultivated barley, including for drought tolerance. The NBP population offers an opportunity to explore the genetic potential of wild barley in an elite background for breeding.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Teosinte Branched-B1 null mutation increases durum wheat tillering, increasing grain yield in certain environments 一个Teosinte branted - b1零突变增加硬粒小麦分蘖，在某些环境下增加籽粒产量

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70136

Caleb O. Hale, McKenna M. Volkman, John M. Martin, Andrew C. Hogg, Michael J. Giroux

{"title":"A Teosinte Branched-B1 null mutation increases durum wheat tillering, increasing grain yield in certain environments","authors":"Caleb O. Hale, McKenna M. Volkman, John M. Martin, Andrew C. Hogg, Michael J. Giroux","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70136","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a hardy, drought-tolerant crop well suited to harsh environments like the Northern Great Plains. In regions with higher rainfall or irrigation, a densely planted, high-biomass crop ideotype may be preferable. However, in moisture-stressed climates with variable weather, crops are planted at a lower density, and lines with increased tillering potential can improve yields. Drought-tolerant genotypes with higher tillering potential can provide a harvestable crop in poor years while maximizing yields in favorable conditions. Greater tillering potential allows plants to capitalize on timely rainfall. Teosinte Branched-1 (TB1) is a transcription factor that regulates axillary meristem outgrowth in wheat. This study examines its effects on tillering, mature inflorescence morphology, and their impact on grain yield in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum). Reducing TB1 function through nonsense mutations in one homeolog can enhance tillering potential, boosting yield under favorable conditions. TB1 variants were analyzed in near-isogenic line populations across 3 years and five Montana environments. Lines with mutations in both TB1 homeologs had 20% more productive tillers but reduced grain yields in some environments due to reduced spike size. Genotypes containing only the tb-B1-W341* nonsense mutation allele had a grain yield increase of up to 20% in environments with optimal mid-season rainfall and did not yield significantly lower than the wildtype genotypes in any other environment. Integrating a TB-B1 nonsense allele into durum wheat breeding programs could be useful to increase productive tillers and yield potential.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic gain due to 21 years of winter wheat breeding at the University of Illinois 伊利诺伊大学21年冬小麦育种的遗传增益

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70111

Lucas Berger Munaro, Frederic L. Kolb, Jessica E. Rutkoski

{"title":"Genetic gain due to 21 years of winter wheat breeding at the University of Illinois","authors":"Lucas Berger Munaro, Frederic L. Kolb, Jessica E. Rutkoski","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70111","url":null,"abstract":"In Illinois, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is primarily cultivated in a wheat–soybean (Glycine max L.) double-crop system. The University of Illinois wheat breeding program has been ongoing for over 75 years. Currently, it aims to improve the profitability of wheat–soybean double cropping by developing high-yielding, early-maturing wheat varieties with good grain quality. We aimed to estimate the genetic trends for grain yield, test weight, heading time, and plant height in the past 21 years of breeding at the University of Illinois to determine if these trends align with the program's current breeding goals. We retrieved the phenotypic data from advanced yield trials, where 1690 genotypes were evaluated from 2001 to 2021 in six locations, resulting in 67,362 observations. The presence of check genotypes allowed us to use the control population method to estimate the genetic trends in which the check genotypes are utilized to separate genetic and nongenetic trends. Using mixed models, we identified a positive genetic trend for grain yield (33 kg ha−1 year−1), heading time (−0.07 day year−1), and test weight (0.91 g L−1 year−1). Genetic trends were not significantly different from zero for plant height. Nongenetic and total phenotypic trends were not significant for grain yield. Our study revealed that the University of Illinois wheat breeding program has helped maintain the profitability of wheat–soybean double cropping in Illinois. Progress has been made by developing germplasm with higher grain yield and test weight without extending the growth cycle.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcriptome and small RNA changes in response to coinfection with SPCSV and SPFMV during sweet potato storage root sprouting SPCSV和SPFMV共同侵染甘薯贮藏根发芽过程中转录组和小RNA的变化

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70133

Yilin Zhang, Fumei Zhao, Jie Li, Ran Li, Yuting Tian, Qi Qiao, Yongjiang Wang, Desheng Zhang, Xinxin Jing, Li Wang, Zhenchen Zhang

{"title":"Transcriptome and small RNA changes in response to coinfection with SPCSV and SPFMV during sweet potato storage root sprouting","authors":"Yilin Zhang, Fumei Zhao, Jie Li, Ran Li, Yuting Tian, Qi Qiao, Yongjiang Wang, Desheng Zhang, Xinxin Jing, Li Wang, Zhenchen Zhang","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70133","url":null,"abstract":"Coinfection with sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) causes sweet potato virus disease, with severe symptoms in sweet potato, decreasing sweet potato yield and root quality. However, the associated molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, changes in mRNA and small RNA (sRNA) expression in storage roots and their 1- and 3-week-old sprouts infected with SPCSV, SPFMV, or SPCSV + SPFMV were analyzed via RNA sequencing and sRNA sequencing, respectively. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) did not differ significantly between the roots and sprouts infected with only one virus. However, a higher number of DEGs or DEMs were observed in coinfected sprouts than in storage roots or sprouts infected with only one virus. The downregulated genes in coinfected samples were involved in phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction (storage roots) as well as photosynthesis, chloroplasts, and chloroplast thylakoid membranes (sprouts). Some defense-related microRNAs of the miR156, miR164, miR165, and miR171 families were significantly upregulated in coinfected sprouts. Our results also showed that the coinfection increased the accumulation of SPFMV-derived small interfering RNAs and upregulated the expression of several key genes in the RNA silencing pathway in sprouts. This study provides insights into the molecular basis of the synergistic effects of SPFMV and SPCSV on sweet potato storage roots and their sprouts.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Durum wheat with Yr78 and common wheat with Yr78 and Yr36 in coupling show enhanced stripe rust resistance 加Yr78的硬粒小麦和加Yr78、Yr36的普通小麦抗条锈病能力增强

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.70116

Chen Dang, Joshua M Hegarty, Meinan Wang, Xianming Chen, Xiaofei Zhang, Jorge Dubcovsky

{"title":"Durum wheat with Yr78 and common wheat with Yr78 and Yr36 in coupling show enhanced stripe rust resistance","authors":"Chen Dang, Joshua M Hegarty, Meinan Wang, Xianming Chen, Xiaofei Zhang, Jorge Dubcovsky","doi":"10.1002/csc2.70116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/csc2.70116","url":null,"abstract":"The adult plant resistance gene Yr78 provides durable resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in common wheat but has not been detected in durum wheat or other tetraploid wheat accessions. To introduce Yr78 into durum wheat, we introgressed it into the cultivar Kronos by marker-assisted backcrossing. Field evaluation revealed that the introgression of Yr78 reduced the mean infection type from 6.27 to 3.79 and the mean disease severity from 63.91% to 38.71%. Using germplasm excluding other resistance quantitative trait locus found in Kronos, we quantified the effect of Yr78 and observed that Yr78 alone significantly reduced stripe rust infection type and severity by 14.72% and 25.76%, respectively (p < 0.05), but the infection type (IT) score remained high (mean IT = 6.75), indicating Yr78 should be combined with additional resistance genes for enhanced effectiveness. To achieve this, we combined the linked Yr36 and Yr78 in coupling in common wheat to enhance the Pst resistance and facilitate their simultaneous deployment in breeding programs. The combined Yr36–Yr78 genes significantly reduced the mean IT score by 42.86% compared to lines without these two genes. To enhance the value of this combination, we also combined the linked Yr36–Yr78 with seedling resistance genes Yr5 and Yr15, so all four genes can be transferred in a single cross. Molecular markers for these genes are provided to facilitate their deployment. The germplasm developed in this study has been deposited to GRIN-Global to accelerate its use in durum and common wheat breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/csc2.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144792355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0