Current Obesity Reports最新文献

{"title":"Why Is Colorectal Cancer Occurring Earlier? Metabolic Dysfunction, Underrecognized Carcinogens, and Emerging Controversies.","authors":"Maria Dalamaga, Sofia Rozani, Dimitra Petropoulou","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00700-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00700-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as colorectal cancer diagnosed before 50 years of age, is increasing worldwide and represents a major challenge to current prevention and screening paradigms. While obesity and metabolic dysfunction are important contributors, EOCRC appears to arise from a complex interplay of genetic susceptibility, metabolic stress, early-life exposures, microbiome alterations, environmental factors, and potentially infectious agents. This review aims to critically examine recent epidemiologic, molecular, and multi-omics evidence on EOCRC etiology, integrate metabolic and exposomic hypotheses within a life-course framework, highlight ongoing controversies and methodological limitations, and discuss emerging challenges for risk stratification and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent EOCRC-specific meta-analyses and cohort studies demonstrate moderate associations between EOCRC and obesity, central adiposity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle factors such as alcohol use, sedentary behavior, and ultra-processed diets. Molecular and multi-omics studies reveal that EOCRC is enriched for chromosomal instability–driven tumors, metabolic and inflammatory signaling pathways, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and accelerated epigenetic aging, exceeding chronological age by more than a decade in some patients. In utero exposures, early-life anthropometry and metabolic dysfunction may contribute to EOCRC risk, potentially through developmental programming of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Complementing metabolic dysfunction, growing attention has focused on the modern exposome, including antibiotics, micro- and nanoplastics, smoking, environmental pollutants, ionizing radiation exposure, and chronic infections. Notably, HPV has emerged as a potential, though still controversial, cofactor in EOCRC, with heterogeneous tissue-detection studies and limited age-stratified epidemiologic data underscoring the need for further investigation. Clinically, EOCRC remains largely symptom-driven, with frequent diagnostic delays and symptom misattribution contributing to advanced-stage presentation. EOCRC is a multifactorial malignancy driven by cumulative metabolic dysfunction and inflammatory stress interacting with environmental, microbial, and early-life exposures on a background of genetic susceptibility and accelerated epigenetic aging. Addressing the EOCRC epidemic will require integrated, life-course prevention strategies that move beyond age-based screening to incorporate metabolic health optimization, lifestyle and exposome modification, improved symptom recognition, and risk-adapted early detection. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147484940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fueling or Fighting Cancer? The Thermogenic Paradox of Brown Adipose Tissue.","authors":"Jonathan Jaime G Guerrero, Paolo C Encarnacion, Chih-Hao Wang, Mark Angelo S Del Rosario, Kin Israel Notarte, Jiayan Zhou, Yi-Ta Hsieh, Wan-Yu Wang, Ching-Wen Chang, Wan-Chun Li","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00699-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00699-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The global rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome has intensified interest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a regulator of energy metabolism and potential modulator of cancer risk. BAT-mediated thermogenesis and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) confer metabolic benefits that may reduce oncogenic susceptibility. However, emerging evidence reveals a paradoxical role for BAT in cancer progression, where tumor-induced thermogenic activation contributes to cancer-associated cachexia (CAC). This review article examines the cellular, molecular, and translational dimensions of this “thermogenic paradox”. RECENT FINDINGS: A narrative synthesis was performed using literature from 2000 to 2025 retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed studies examining the molecular, genetic, and metabolic mechanisms linking BAT or adipose browning to carcinogenesis, obesity-related cancers, and CAC were included. Thematic integration emphasized regulatory pathways, endocrine signaling, and therapeutic implications. Adaptive browning, regulated by transcriptional drivers such as PRDM16, PPARγ, and PGC1-α, mitigates metabolic inflammation, enhances insulin sensitivity, and may exert tumor-suppressive effects. In contrast, tumor-secreted factors including parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and interleukin-6 aberrantly induce uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and β3-adrenergic signaling, driving lipolysis and energy wasting in CAC. The dualistic effects of BAT underscore its context-dependent influence on cancer biology. BAT exemplifies a metabolic continuum between protection and pathology. Clarifying its regulatory mechanisms may inform precision therapies and integrated metabolic-oncology interventions, particularly relevant to low- and middle-income countries facing the double burden of obesity and cachexia. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12999789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MASLD In Children - A Distinct Phenotype?","authors":"Pervej Alom Barbhuiya, Manash Pratim Pathak","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00698-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00698-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a pattern shift in the classification and understanding of fatty liver disease in adults as well as children, overtaking the previous concept of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The adoption of MASLD places a central role of metabolic dysregulation, aligning with the diagnosis and clinical features with underlying cardiometabolic risk factors. Pediatric MASLD requires important focus due to its rising prevalence almost affecting up to 14% of children globally, and over 1/3 of children with obesity because of its distinct pathophysiological, histological, and clinical features compared to adult-onset disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies reported that there is a major difference between pediatric and adult MASLD from epidemiology to genetic and metabolic factors to histopathology, and clinical expression. In children, periportal steatosis and fibrosis is prevalent, while in adults the centrilobular pattern is prevalent. Early-life exposures such as maternal obesity, rapid postnatal weight gain, and epigenetic factors amplify pediatric risk and shape the disease phenotype. Socioeconomic status, environmental factors, and sedentary behavior together elevate the pediatric incidence and severity. Due to unique histologic patterns, there are numerous problems associated with diagnosis and treatment. Also, a lack of non-invasive biomarkers and the need for individualized, pediatric-specific treatments that meet both medical and developmental needs should be focused on. Pediatric MASLD comprises a complex clinical and biological phenotype when compared to the adult MASLD in progression and metabolic context. This highlights an urgent need for pediatric-focused research, appropriate diagnostic strategies, and development-specific management protocols. Addressing these gaps is critical to manage the growing burden of MASLD among children worldwide and to improve long-term health outcomes as this population matures into adulthood. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147473055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Skeletal Muscle as an Endocrine Firewall: Mitigating Metabolic Endotoxemia and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.","authors":"Qianqian Li, Yini Wu, Leqin Chen, Ronghui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00703-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00703-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine–metabolic disorder in which insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation contribute to long-term cardiometabolic risk. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota alterations and impaired intestinal barrier function may represent modifiable upstream drivers, particularly in specific patient subsets. RECENT FINDINGS: PCOS has been associated with dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and metabolic endotoxemia, a state of low-grade elevation of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS can activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and downstream nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, amplifying inflammatory tone and potentially worsening insulin signaling. Clinical studies increasingly report higher circulating markers of endotoxemia in PCOS and links with androgen excess and inflammatory markers, although causality remains unresolved. Conversely, skeletal muscle myokines induced by exercise show potential in counteracting these inflammatory signals. Interactions among diet (especially high saturated-fat meals), sleep disruption, psychosocial stress, and physical inactivity may further shape barrier integrity and postprandial endotoxemia. A gut-barrier–endotoxemia framework offers a metabolically coherent explanation for heterogeneity in PCOS, particularly in phenotypes with obesity and insulin resistance. However, biomarker standardization and well-designed interventions are required to determine which patients derive the greatest benefit from endotoxemia-targeted lifestyle or adjunctive therapies. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Medical Nutrition Therapy and Physical Exercise: The Future of Diabesity Care.","authors":"Ludovica Verde, Giuseppe Annunziata, Elisabetta Camajani, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Massimiliano Caprio, Luigi Barrea","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00688-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00688-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Diabesity, the coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, represents one of the major global health challenges. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on personalized medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and structured physical exercise as cornerstones of diabesity management, with a particular focus on very-low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Conventional pharmacotherapies improve glycemic control and promote weight reduction but often fail to fully address the multifactorial pathophysiology of diabesity. MNT has demonstrated significant efficacy in improving glycemic regulation, reducing weight, and modulating cardiometabolic risk factors. Among dietary strategies, the Mediterranean diet provides sustainable benefits, while more intensive interventions such as low-energy diets and ketogenic diets can induce rapid and clinically meaningful improvements, with emerging evidence supporting favorable effects on gut microbiota and inflammation. Complementary lifestyle interventions, particularly structured exercise programs combining aerobic and resistance training, further enhance metabolic outcomes and may contribute to T2DM remission in selected patients. Integration of MNT with incretin-based therapies holds promise for optimizing efficacy while preserving nutritional adequacy and functional health. Effective management of diabesity requires a multidisciplinary, precision-based approach. Personalized MNT and structured exercise represent foundational strategies, while pharmacological therapies provide valuable adjuncts. Among available options, VLEKT stands out for its ability to target key mechanisms of diabesity, including insulin resistance, adiposity, and chronic inflammation. Future diabesity care will rely on integrating nutrition, physical exercise, and pharmacotherapy within individualized frameworks to achieve sustained metabolic control and improved quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12979325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147431297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Laboratory and Clinical Features of Metabolic and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (MetALD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Maria Tampaki, Vasileios Lekakis, Christos Chologkitas, Stergios Α Polyzos, Evangelos Cholongitas","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00696-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00696-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, primarily to compare laboratory findings, including liver function tests, and metabolic parameters, between patients with Metabolic and alcohol-related/associated liver disease (MetALD) and those with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). RECENT FINDINGS: MetALD is a newly recognized subtype of steatotic liver disease (SLD) characterized by the synergistic impact of metabolic dysfunction and alcohol consumption. Data on its clinical and laboratory profile remain limited. Thirty-three studies including 7,504,674 individuals were analyzed. Compared to MASLD, MetALD was associated with higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), higher triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), lower low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but lower body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Compared to ALD, MetALD showed lower liver enzymes, while most metabolic parameters were similar. CONCLUSIONS: MetALD has distinct laboratory and metabolic features compared to MASLD, while differences with ALD are less pronounced. These findings favor MetALD as a distinct entity warranting further, more focused research. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12966208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School Meals as a Strategy to Prevent Childhood Obesity and Advance Food Equity: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Gabriella M McLoughlin, Juliana F Cohen","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00697-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00697-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Childhood obesity and food insecurity are coexisting public health crises that disproportionately affect low-income and marginalized populations. Addressing these issues requires sustainable interventions and policies that improve nutritional access and equity. We therefore sought to synthesize evidence on the role of school meal programs, particularly Universal School Meals (USM), in preventing childhood obesity and advancing food security and nutrition equity through a narrative review. RECENT FINDINGS: School meals are among the healthiest food sources for US children and improve diet quality compared to meals from other sources. Policies including the Community Eligibility Provision increase participation, reduce stigma, and alleviate food insecurity. Evidence suggests USM adoption is associated with lower obesity prevalence and improved household financial stability, positioning school meals as a powerful equity-focused intervention.  School meals represent a critical lever for reducing diet-related and obesity disparities and advancing food equity for children. Further research should explore implementation strategies and long-term outcomes to maximize health and social benefits.  </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12966190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Butyrate in People with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Related Metabolic Comorbidities: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alicia González-González, Virginia Soria-Utrilla, María Isabel Fontalba-Romero, María Ángeles Núñez-Sánchez, Antonio Adarve-Castro, María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño, Bruno Ramos-Molina, José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro, José Carlos Fernández-García","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00694-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00694-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Growing evidence highlights the role of the gut–liver axis, particularly microbial metabolites such as the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate, in MASLD pathophysiology. However, clinical data on butyrate levels and the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in MASLD patients remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: To systematically synthesize human evidence evaluating the associations between butyrate levels and butyrate-producing gut bacteria with MASLD presence and severity, as well as related metabolic comorbidities. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase from inception to April 7, 2025, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines (PROSPERO registration CRD420251162439). Eligible studies included observational human research assessing fecal or plasma SCFA concentrations and/or the abundance of butyrate-producing taxa in adults with MASLD and related metabolic disorders. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and results were narratively synthesized due to heterogeneity across methods and outcomes. RESULTS: From 233 records, seven studies met inclusion criteria (2020–2025; n = 1,185). Most were cross-sectional or case–control designs of moderate to high quality (NOS 6–8/9). Individuals with MASLD generally exhibited lower fecal or serum butyrate concentrations and reduced abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium, and other butyrate-producing bacteria versus controls. These alterations were associated with hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and adverse metabolic profiles - higher BMI, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Geographic and sex-related differences were also reported. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review suggests that reduced butyrate availability and alterations in butyrate-producing gut taxa are associated with MASLD presence and severity and with adverse metabolic traits. However, substantial methodological heterogeneity and the observational design of available studies preclude causal inference. Larger, well-phenotyped, multicentre studies using standardized SCFA quantification, dietary and medication ascertainment, and functional microbiome profiling are needed to validate these findings and clarify their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Sides of a Coin: Molecular, metabolic, and Phenotypic Convergence in Pediatric Undernutrition and Obesity.","authors":"Mercy Eloho Sosanya, Jennifer L Temple","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00689-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00689-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This narrative review juxtaposes the metabolic and molecular consequences of pediatric under- and overnutrition, highlighting the similarities and differences between these two nutritional states occurring simultaneously in different parts of the world. RECENT FINDINGS: Numerous biological changes in pediatric acute undernutrition and obesity have been linked to elevated risks of chronic metabolic disorders. We summarize recent evidence on pathophysiological pathways and outcomes common to both conditions. Despite etiological divergence, early-life nutritional imbalances converge on shared mechanisms and consequences with intergenerational implications. Both acute undernutrition and obesity in childhood have intersecting long-term outcomes including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic steatosis, cancers, and others, mediated through endocrine, immunological, epigenetic, and gut microbiome pathways, albeit via diverse specific mechanisms. Robust, longitudinal studies in varied geopolitical settings are needed to further elucidate the complex mechanisms, long-term phenotypic consequences, and therapeutic effects in these twin conditions. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12953344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Decision-making and Weight Loss Expectations for Current Obesity Treatment.","authors":"Sujaytha Paknikar, Meera Shah","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00691-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00691-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The objective of this review is to provide a framework for shared decision making for the treatment of obesity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Obesity is a chronic medical condition with increasing prevalence. Current treatment includes intensive lifestyle change, medical therapy, and bariatric surgery. Incretin based medical therapy now offers efficacy that is approaching that of bariatric surgery (15-20%). However, challenges persist with underutilization of therapy and need for appropriate treatment selection. This review aims to explore how patient and provider expectations, along with behavioral, biological, and socioeconomic factors, influence obesity treatment decisions. WHAT'S THE IMPACT ON FUTURE RESEARCH?: The landscape for obesity management is rapidly changing as new therapies emerge, and more long-term data becomes available for existing therapies. There is growing interest in characterizing obesity genotypes and phenotypes to address the heterogeneous treatment response. The goal is to develop a model of care that individualizes obesity treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147303414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}