Current Obesity Reports最新文献

{"title":"Is Endoscopic Surveillance Needed After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy?","authors":"Alberto Aiolfi, Davide Bona, John C Lipham, Luigi Bonavina","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00545-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-023-00545-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":" ","pages":"183-185"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phentermine in the Modern Era of Obesity Pharmacotherapy: Does It Still Have a Role in Treatment?","authors":"Kristina H Lewis, Kimberly A Gudzune, Jamy D Ard","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00546-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-023-00546-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review provides an overview of the history, mechanism of action, and expected treatment effects of the anti-obesity medication (AOM), phentermine. It also includes a summary of recent research and practical guidance for prescribing clinicians.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent research on phentermine is sparse and consists primarily of observational studies with methodologic limitations. These studies suggest that phentermine use is associated with clinically significant weight loss in adults and that the medication is generally well tolerated. Large-scale observational studies evaluating phentermine's safety have not identified an increased risk of cardiovascular events or elevations in blood pressure. There is no data to support the notion that phentermine is addictive. Although it remains the most commonly prescribed AOM in the USA, phentermine has little rigorous research to support its efficacy and safety in long-term treatment, which creates a dilemma with guideline-recommended chronic use of AOMs. While we await forthcoming conclusive data on this front, clinicians may consider using phentermine long-term in selected patients, if such prescribing is consistent with local regulatory statutes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":" ","pages":"132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity and Leukemia: Biological Mechanisms, Perspectives, and Challenges","authors":"Dimitrios Tsilingiris, Natalia G. Vallianou, Nikolaos Spyrou, Dimitris Kounatidis, Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos, Irene Karampela, Maria Dalamaga","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00542-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-023-00542-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>To examine the epidemiological data on obesity and leukemia; evaluate the effect of obesity on leukemia outcomes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors; assess the potential mechanisms through which obesity may increase the risk of leukemia; and provide the effects of obesity management on leukemia. Preventive (diet, physical exercise, obesity pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery) measures, repurposing drugs, candidate therapeutic agents targeting oncogenic pathways of obesity and insulin resistance in leukemia as well as challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Obesity has been implicated in the development of 13 cancers, such as breast, endometrial, colon, renal, esophageal cancers, and multiple myeloma. Leukemia is estimated to account for approximately 2.5% and 3.1% of all new cancer incidence and mortality, respectively, while it represents the most frequent cancer in children younger than 5 years. Current evidence indicates that obesity may have an impact on the risk of leukemia. Increased birthweight may be associated with the development of childhood leukemia. Obesity is also associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality in leukemic patients. However, there are several limitations and challenges in meta-analyses and epidemiological studies. In addition, weight gain may occur in a substantial number of childhood ALL survivors while the majority of studies have documented an increased risk of relapse and mortality among patients with childhood ALL and obesity. The main pathophysiological pathways linking obesity to leukemia include bone marrow adipose tissue; hormones such as insulin and the insulin-like growth factor system as well as sex hormones; pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α; adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin; dyslipidemia and lipid signaling; chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress; and other emerging mechanisms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Obesity represents a risk factor for leukemia, being among the only known risk factors that could be prevented or modified through weight loss, healthy diet, and physical exercise. Pharmacological interventions, repurposing drugs used for cardiometabolic comorbidities, and bariatric surgery may be recommended for leukemia and obesity-related cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139072138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews.","authors":"Sakris K E Kupila, Anu Joki, Laura-U Suojanen, Kirsi H Pietiläinen","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00530-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-023-00530-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":" ","pages":"544-545"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41194118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on the Obesity Epidemic: After the Sudden Rise, Is the Upward Trajectory Beginning to Flatten?","authors":"Chrysi Koliaki, Maria Dalamaga, Stavros Liatis","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00527-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-023-00527-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To provide an update on current obesity prevalence trends and summarize the available evidence suggesting a possible plateau or stabilization in obesity rates after the previous sudden global rise.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The escalating global obesity epidemic represents one of the most serious public health challenges. There have been some indications that in high-income populations, the rate of obesity increase in adults has been stabilized after the decade 2000-2010, suggesting a possible plateau. Current evidence also suggests that obesity rates have been stabilized in children and adolescents of most economically advanced countries since 2000, which is possibly related to healthier dietary habits and increased levels of physical activity. On the other hand, there is a steady uninterrupted rise in low-income nations, and the universal trend is obesity escalation rather than slowdown, mainly driven by sharp increases in the obesity prevalence of low-income populations. Furthermore, an increasing number of high- and middle-income countries are currently experiencing an epidemic of severe obesity. In high-income populations, severe obesity is expected to double its prevalence from 10 to 20% between 2020 and 2035, posing an enormous threat for healthcare systems. Even if transiently stabilized, the obesity prevalence remains globally at unacceptably high levels, and there is no guarantee that the current stability (if any) will be maintained for long. In this review, we explore the underlying drivers of the global obesity epidemic; we provide possible explanations for the reported slowdown of the obesity rates in some countries; and we overall take a critical perspective on the obesity plateau hypothesis, emphasizing the urgent need for immediate effective actions at population and regional level in order to halt the alarming obesity escalation and its serious health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":" ","pages":"514-527"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41105740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upstream Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in Europe.","authors":"Stefanie Vandevijvere, Robby De Pauw, Sanne Djojosoeparto, Vanessa Gorasso, Leonor Guariguata, Anne Lene Løvhaug, Melissa Mialon, Iris Van Dam, Peter von Philipsborn","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00524-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-023-00524-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To review the upstream determinants of overweight and obesity in Europe, including food and built environments, and political, commercial, and socioeconomic determinants.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Overweight and obesity affect 60% of European adults, and one in three children, and are more common in individuals with low compared to high socioeconomic position (SEP). Individuals in low SEP groups are more exposed to unhealthy built and food environments, including higher exposure to unhealthy food marketing. Industries influencing the food system have much economic power, resulting in ignoring or silencing the role of ultra-processed foods and commercial practices in weight gain. Overall, effective policies to address overweight and obesity have been insufficiently implemented by governments. To accelerate implementation, strengthened political commitment is essential. Policies must also focus on the upstream, structural, and systemic drivers of overweight and obesity; be comprehensive; and target socioeconomic inequalities in diets and physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":" ","pages":"417-428"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10397290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics and Epigenetics in Obesity: What Do We Know so Far?","authors":"Maria Keller, Stina Ingrid Alice Svensson, Kerstin Rohde-Zimmermann, Peter Kovacs, Yvonne Böttcher","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00526-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-023-00526-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Enormous progress has been made in understanding the genetic architecture of obesity and the correlation of epigenetic marks with obesity and related traits. This review highlights current research and its challenges in genetics and epigenetics of obesity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent progress in genetics of polygenic traits, particularly represented by genome-wide association studies, led to the discovery of hundreds of genetic variants associated with obesity, which allows constructing polygenic risk scores (PGS). In addition, epigenome-wide association studies helped identifying novel targets and methylation sites being important in the pathophysiology of obesity and which are essential for the generation of methylation risk scores (MRS). Despite their great potential for predicting the individual risk for obesity, the use of PGS and MRS remains challenging. Future research will likely discover more loci being involved in obesity, which will contribute to better understanding of the complex etiology of human obesity. The ultimate goal from a clinical perspective will be generating highly robust and accurate prediction scores allowing clinicians to predict obesity as well as individual responses to body weight loss-specific life-style interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":" ","pages":"482-501"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41194119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Lifestyle Modification with Second-Generation Anti-obesity Medications: Comparisons, Questions, and Clinical Opportunities.","authors":"Thomas A Wadden, Ariana M Chao, Molly Moore, Jena S Tronieri, Adam Gilden, Anastassia Amaro, Sharon Leonard, John M Jakicic","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00534-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-023-00534-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review examines lifestyle modification for obesity management with the goal of identifying treatment components that could support the use of a new generation of anti-obesity medications (AOMs).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Semaglutide reliably reduces baseline body weight by approximately 15% at 68 weeks, in contrast to 5-10% for lifestyle modification. Tirzepatide induces mean losses as great as 20.9%. Both medications reduce energy intake by markedly enhancing satiation and decreasing hunger, and they appear to lessen the need for traditional cognitive and behavioral strategies (e.g., monitoring food intake) to achieve calorie restriction. Little, however, is known about whether patients who lose weight with these AOMs adopt healthy diet and activity patterns needed to optimize body composition, cardiometabolic health, and quality of life. When used with the new AOMs, the focus of lifestyle modification is likely to change from inducing weight loss (through calorie restriction) to facilitating patients' adoption of dietary and activity patterns that will promote optimal changes in body composition and overall health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":" ","pages":"453-473"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138470078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Resting Metabolic Rate: What is the Relation to Weight Fluctuations?","authors":"Georgia Argyrakopoulou, Nefeli Fountouli, Maria Dalamaga, Alexander Kokkinos","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00528-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-023-00528-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Despite the great progress in obesity-tackling strategies, a negative energy equilibrium between energy expenditure and energy intake remains the cornerstone in obesity management. The present review article aims to shed light on the complicated interrelations of resting metabolic rate to weight fluctuations.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Energy expenditure depends on body composition and is highly affected by weight changes, exerting a significant role in subsequent weight regain and underlining the metabolic resistance that people with obesity face when dealing with weight maintenance. The main tissue involved in energy expenditure is fat-free mass, as opposed to fat mass, which exerts a substantially lower impact. Although people with obesity display higher energy expenditures than their lean counterparts, these decrease substantially in the setting of weight loss. Metabolic adaptation is the difference between measured and predicted RMR after weight loss, either via lifestyle modification or after obesity surgery. Plausible explanations for this include differences in body composition, with loss of fat-free mass playing a significant role. This becomes especially apparent in the setting of rapid and massive weight loss, as in the case of bariatric surgery. A better understanding of energy expenditure pathophysiology may aid in further enhancing weight loss and promoting weight maintenance in people with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":" ","pages":"502-513"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41115873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Obesity Care via Telemedicine: Expanding the Path Forward-A Review.","authors":"Valerie M O'Hara, Danielle Louder, Starr V Johnston, Kathrin Hastey, Nancy T Browne","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00537-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-023-00537-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Review latest data regarding the intersection of pediatric obesity epidemic with telemedicine expansion to meet the need of equitable obesity care in children.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Prevalence of pediatric obesity in the USA continues to worsen particularly in rural, underserved areas. Although there is an increasing number of obesity medicine specialists over the last decade, availability varies by geographic location. Pre-pandemic centers were limited, rarely located in rural areas, and required in-person visits for reimbursement. Telemedicine changes, responding to pandemic needs, provided increase in telemedicine utilization and acceptance with similar or improved obesity care outcomes. Given pediatric obesity prevalence and need for chronic, effective obesity care, leveraging telemedicine to expand reach and decrease access barriers provides a critical and creative remedy. Data cites similar outcomes between telemedicine and in-person care. The time to reimagine a full spectrum of care delivery for pediatric obesity is now.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":" ","pages":"546-556"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71520767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}