Current Obesity Reports最新文献

{"title":"Obesogens in Prostate Cancer: An Endocrine and Metabolic Threat.","authors":"Mariana Feijó, Lara R S Fonseca, Endre Kiss-Toth, Sílvia Socorro, Sara Correia","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00690-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00690-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review addresses the contribution of obesogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to prostate carcinogenesis. It provides an in-depth overview of obesogens, tracing their mechanisms of action and effects impacting prostate cell fate. The direct effects of obesogens in disrupting adipose tissue and metabolic homeostasis, as well as disturbing prostate cells, are discussed, along with the potential indirect effects mediated by the dysregulation of the adipose tissue. RECENT FINDINGS: Obesogens represent a group of EDCs that interfere with endocrine and metabolic processes, underpinning the spread of obesity. Moreover, the ubiquitous presence in the environment, the ability to accumulate in adipose tissue and the broad range of effects targeting several biological pathways highlight that obesogens can be detrimental to human health beyond their action on promoting obesity. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a hormone-dependent cancer for which environmental influences and obesity are established risk factors, with emerging evidence suggesting that obesogens may affect its development and progression. The available data indicate that obesogens may contribute to the development of PCa. They can have direct actions in prostate cells modulating signalling pathways that drive tumour aggressiveness. Moreover, the adipose tissue dysregulated by obesogens can acquire an obesity-like phenotype, which may play a crucial role in facilitating tumour growth. Further research is needed to clarify the liaison between obesogen-induced dysregulation of the periprostatic adipose tissue depot and PCa aggressiveness. Unravelling this complex crosstalk will be pivotal for identifying novel therapeutic strategies and preventing aggressive PCa, especially in obese patients. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity medications and precision nutrition: synergistic interventions and integrated approach in obesity management.","authors":"Alessandra Feraco, Elisabetta Camajani, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Luigi Barrea, Annamaria Colao, Massimiliano Caprio","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00695-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00695-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Obesity represents a major global health challenge associated with substantial metabolic, cardiovascular, and oncologic risk. Recent advances in anti-obesity pharmacotherapies, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists and the dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist, have redefined clinical management by enabling unprecedented weight loss and significant cardiometabolic benefits. This review summarizes current evidence on how incretin-based therapies affect body composition, eating behavior, and long-term weight trajectories, with a focus on the need for nutritional strategies that support lean mass preservation and durable lifestyle changes. RECENT FINDINGS: Although incretin-based therapied effectively reduce body weight, the resulting weight loss includes a decline in fat-free mass, raising potential concerns about skeletal muscle preservation, particularly in vulnerable populations. Protein-enriched meal replacements (MRs) and structured dietary programs, including very low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT), have emerged as practical approaches to improve adherence, enhance fat loss, and stimulate muscle protein synthesis during medication-induced caloric restriction. Several studies indicate that MR-based interventions achieve greater weight loss and metabolic improvements than conventional diets, and that EAA-enriched formulations may provide additional advantages for preserving muscle mass. Combining MRs or VLEKT with incretin-based treatments may offer synergistic advantages by coupling pharmacological appetite regulation with controlled nutrient delivery and behavioral support. Structured nutritional interventions remain essential throughout pharmacotherapy and represent valuable alternatives when medications are discontinued or contraindicated. Overall, integrating incretin-based pharmacotherapy with optimized dietary strategies constitutes an approach to care that may enhance long-term effectiveness, promote nutritional rehabilitation, preserve muscle health, and address the needs of individuals at risk of sarcopenia. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preconception Weight Loss to Prevent Childhood Obesity: Current Evidence and Research Gaps.","authors":"Kimberly K Vesco, Erin S LeBlanc, Suzanne Phelan, Natalie A Rosenquist, Meghan Mayhew, Janne Boone-Heinonen","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00682-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00682-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goal of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence regarding the impact of preconception weight loss and preconception weight loss interventions on child obesity, describe ongoing challenges surrounding preconception weight loss intervention research, and discuss future directions. RECENT FINDINGS: Data are sparse regarding the impact of preconception weight loss and preconception interventions on offspring outcomes beyond birth. There is insufficient evidence to determine the impact of preconception weight loss interventions on childhood obesity. Future research should include long-term observational studies and multi-center randomized trials during the preconception period among participants from diverse geographic and cultural backgrounds. Studies should be of sufficient sample size and duration to fully assess the impact of preconception interventions on childhood obesity and other important measures of child health. Ongoing challenges include those related to identification and recruitment of people prior to pregnancy, determining the optimal lifestyle intervention design to optimize impact on child health, and long duration of required follow up to examine child outcomes. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12924835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity in Type 1 Diabetes: Moving Beyond the \"Lean\" Disease Paradigm to Understand Risk, Complications, and Treatment.","authors":"Anastasios Tentolouris, Theocharis Koufakis, Evangelos Fousteris","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00693-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00693-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Overweight and obesity are increasingly common in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the epidemiology and mechanisms linking excess adiposity with T1DM, the obesity-associated burden of complications, and approaches to obesity management in this population. RECENT FINDINGS: Excess adiposity is now frequent in people with T1DM, approaching general-population prevalence, and obesity may also increase the risk of incident T1DM. In T1DM, weight gain reflects intersecting drivers, including intensive insulin therapy, hypoglycemia-related compensatory intake and activity avoidance, obesity-related insulin resistance, and overlapping genetic/hormonal determinants. Across multiple cohorts, higher adiposity is associated with poorer glycemic control and increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, as well as higher risks of retinopathy, diabetic kidney disease, and neuropathy. Evidence to guide treatment in T1DM remains limited. Lifestyle approaches require individualization to minimize hypoglycemia and ketosis. RCTs of adjunct liraglutide demonstrate weight loss and insulin-sparing effects but signal dose-dependent risks of hypoglycemia and ketosis. Early RCTs with semaglutide and tirzepatide suggest substantial weight loss and improved glycemic metrics in selected settings, with vigilance for ketosis. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have shown modest HbA1c reductions with small but clinically meaningful weight loss in T1DM; however, they are associated with an increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. Bariatric surgery yields large weight loss but only modest glycemic benefit and carries risk of metabolic instability. Obesity is a common, clinically important comorbidity in T1DM, linked to poorer glycemic outcomes and complications. Longer-term, T1DM-specific RCTs are needed to guide weight management and define the benefit-risk of emerging therapies. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.","authors":"Stergios A Polyzos, Alessandro Mantovani, Giovanni Targher","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00692-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00692-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) in adults presents with metabolic syndrome features, such as abdominal obesity, dysglycemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension, which are closely associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This narrative review aims to critically summarize the available data on the link between adult GHD and MASLD, focusing on possible pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical associations and treatment considerations. RECENT FINDINGS: Experimental evidence supports a direct effect of GH on hepatocytes predominantly through the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)–signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathway, which reduces hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis in GHD may also be indirectly affected through the unfavorable effects of GHD on insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome features. Limited data show that low insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations may contribute to hepatic fibrosis by acting on hepatic stellate cells. Regarding clinical associations, MASLD is highly prevalent in adults with GHD, and, vice versa, lower or similar circulating GH/IGF-1 concentrations are reported in patients with MASLD compared with those without MASLD. Regarding treatment, favorable effects of recombinant GH (rhGH) on hepatic steatosis and, possibly, on hepatic fibrosis progression in patients with MASLD and GHD or with low IGF-1 concentrations have been demonstrated in interventional studies. Existing findings may warrant more specifically designed studies to carefully assess the risk–benefit ratio of rhGH replacement in adults with GHD and MASLD. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12916995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146218712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Postbiotics in Modulating Gut Microbiota: Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Rishabh Chalotra, Tanya Gupta, Abhitinder Kumar, Anjali Gupta, Shivam Kumar, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Randhir Singh","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00686-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00686-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to discuss emerging therapeutic strategies for managing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) by focusing on modulating the gut microbiota using prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics, emphasizing their mechanistic roles in restoring metabolic balance and improving host metabolic health.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The biotics exert various pharmacological effects in restoring gut health and managing MetS by modulating multiple gut-system axes, including the gut-brain axis, gut-liver axis, gut-immune axis, and gut-endocrine axis. Through these mechanisms, they influence satiety regulation, insulin sensitivity, bile acid metabolism, systemic inflammation, and overall energy homeostasis, thereby contributing in the management of MetS. This review categorizes therapeutic biotics into three distinct classes: Prebiotics, which serve as substrates to stimulate beneficial bacteria; Probiotics, which supplement the gut with live beneficial microorganisms; and Postbiotics, which are bioactive microbial byproducts that directly modulate host metabolism. Conventional therapies for MetS address individual conditions rather than the syndrome comprehensively, which can promote adverse drug reactions. Whereas, biotic interventions target gut microbiota, a central regulator of energy balance, metabolic signalling and systemic inflammation. By restoring microbial composition and function, these biotics can simultaneously improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, regulate appetite, and modulate lipid and bile acid metabolism. This multi-dimensional modulation offers biotics as a promising adjunct or complementary strategy, capable of addressing the underlying dysregulation in MetS and offering a more integrative and mechanistic approach to its prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Peptide Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Evangelia Tzeravini, Stamatia Simati, Ioanna A Anastasiou, Maria Dalamaga, Alexander Kokkinos","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00687-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00687-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The gastrointestinal tract acts as an endocrine organ, releasing hormones that regulate glucose homeostasis, appetite, energy expenditure, and gastrointestinal motility. In type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity, this finely tuned hormonal system is disrupted, contributing to metabolic dysfunction. This review summarizes current evidence on fasting and postprandial responses to mixed-meal tests (MMT) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) of proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs), orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones, and less frequently studied gastrointestinal peptides in individuals with T2DM and obesity compared with healthy controls. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies demonstrate that while GLP-1 levels are often preserved, its insulinotropic and glucagonostatic actions are impaired in T2DM and obesity. GIP secretion is maintained or increased but exhibits reduced biological efficacy. Oxyntomodulin and GLP-2 show blunted postprandial responses, whereas glicentin, GRPP, and MPGF remain poorly characterized but appear dysregulated. PYY is reduced in obesity and shows impaired postprandial rises in T2DM, while PP is frequently elevated in T2DM. CCK resistance may diminish satiety signaling, though secretion data are inconsistent. Secretin and amylin exhibit complex, stage-specific alterations, whereas ghrelin and obestatin are typically reduced in both conditions. Gut hormone alterations in T2DM and obesity include both adaptive and pathogenic features, reflecting disruptions across multiple peptide systems. Standardization of peptide measurements and deeper investigation into their mechanistic roles will be essential for advancing precision-based interventions targeting gastrointestinal hormones in metabolic disease. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12830499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146028701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiological Roles of Obesity-Induced Alterations in Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Adipose Tissue and Adipocytes.","authors":"Inae Jeong, Ok-Kyung Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00685-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00685-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the alterations and pathophysiological roles of adipose tissue (AT)-derived extracellular vesicles (AT-EVs) and adipocyte-derived EVs (Ad-EVs) in the context of obesity, while providing mechanistic insights into their potential functions within the tumor microenvironment.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Emerging evidence indicates that obese AT-EVs and Ad-EVs contribute to insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer by delivering pathological cargo or altering recipient cell signaling. Conversely, both lean and obese AT-EVs and Ad-EVs have demonstrated therapeutic potential in specific settings, such as restoring insulin sensitivity, enhancing β-cell function, improving wound healing, and mitigating ischemia/reperfusion injury. One of the most prominent features of obesity is AT remodeling, which markedly increases the release of EVs and alters their cargo composition. These EVs can play context-dependent roles in pathophysiological processes, underscoring the complexity of AT-EV and Ad-EV biology and highlighting the need for further mechanistic investigations, particularly in cancer, where evidence remains limited. Advancing our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying their biogenesis, cargo sorting, and intercellular communication will not only deepen our knowledge of obesity-related pathophysiology but also facilitate the development of novel biomarkers and EV-based therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin A Derivatives and Adipose Tissue Differentiation: Molecular Pathways Driving Browning and Anti-Obesity Effects.","authors":"Billur Bilikozen Aygun, Berrak Basturk, Aylin Ayaz","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00684-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00684-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: This review aims to evaluate the effects of retinoids and carotenoids (β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and β-cryptoxanthin) on adipose tissue biology, particularly browning processes, in light of the current literature. In the current era of increasing global obesity prevalence, understanding the potential regulatory roles of these lipophilic micronutrients in energy homeostasis and adipose tissue plasticity may contribute to the development of new nutrition-based or pharmacological strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: The regulatory roles of vitamin A (VA) and carotenoids in adipose tissue metabolism have been intensively investigated in recent years. Current findings indicate that compounds such as retinoic acid, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin reduce adipogenesis and lipogenesis by suppressing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1-c) while increasing energy expenditure and promoting the browning of white adipose tissue through the activation of 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the upregulation of thermogenic genes such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), and PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). These effects are associated with reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, increased mitochondrial activity, and decreased systemic inflammation. VA and carotenoids exert multifaceted effects on adipose tissue differentiation and energy metabolism, suggesting an alternative pathway against obesity. By reducing lipid storage, stimulating thermogenesis, and enhancing oxidative metabolism, these bioactive compounds help restore metabolic balance. Overall, evidence indicates that VA derivatives and carotenoids, through adipose tissue browning and improved metabolic efficiency, represent promising nutrition-based strategies to combat obesity. </p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12804335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Management of Diabesity: Current and Emerging Therapies.","authors":"Martina Galasso, Mariangela Caporusso, Alessandra Volatile, Ludovica Verde, Katherine Esposito, Francesco Giorgino, Sebastio Perrini, Annamaria Colao, Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00681-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00681-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of current clinical evidence on the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptor agonists on body mass index (BMI), body composition, and glucose metabolism in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a condition often referred to as \"diabesity.\"</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The coexistence of obesity and T2DM represents a major clinical and public health challenge due to their synergistic effects on metabolic dysfunction and the increased risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Traditional approaches focused solely on glycemic control have proven insufficient to address the intertwined pathophysiology of excess adiposity and impaired glucose metabolism. Recently, novel pharmacological agents, including SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs, and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists, have demonstrated dual benefits in improving glycemic control and reducing body weight. These drugs act through distinct but complementary mechanisms-such as promoting glycosuria, enhancing satiety, delaying gastric emptying, and modulating energy homeostasis-resulting in significant reductions in BMI and visceral fat. Among these agents, tirzepatide has shown superior efficacy in improving metabolic parameters and body composition compared with single receptor agonists. Understanding the multifaceted metabolic benefits of these pharmacotherapies is essential for optimizing individualized therapeutic strategies for patients with diabesity. Integrating these agents into comprehensive diabetes care allows clinicians to more effectively target the complex pathophysiology of diabesity, ultimately improving long-term metabolic and clinical outcomes in this growing patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}