Potential Micronutrient Deficiencies in the First 1000 Days of Life: The Pediatrician on the Side of the Weakest.

IF 9.5 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Current Obesity Reports Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI:10.1007/s13679-024-00554-3
Carolà Panzeri, Luca Pecoraro, Alice Dianin, Andrea Sboarina, Olivia C Arnone, Giorgio Piacentini, Angelo Pietrobelli
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Abstract

Purpose of review: This study is to examine potential micronutrient deficiencies and any need for supplementation in children following specific diet plans in the first 1000 days of life.

Recent findings: Optimal nutrition in the first 1000 days of life has a lifelong positive impact on child development. Specific intrauterine and perinatal factors, pathological conditions, and dietary restrictions can represent potential risk factors for micronutrient deficiencies in the first 1000 days of life, which can have negative systemic consequences. Preterm and low-birth-weight infants are intrinsically at risk because of immature body systems. Children affected by cystic fibrosis are prone to malnutrition because of intestinal malabsorption. The risk of micronutrient deficiency can increase in various situations, including but not limited to children following selective dietary regimens (vegetarian and vegan diets and children affected by specific neuropsychiatric conditions) or specific dietary therapies (children affected by food allergies or specific metabolic disorders and children following restricted diet as a part of therapeutic approach, i.e., ketogenic diet for epilepsy). In light of this situation, the micronutrient status in these categories of children should be investigated in order to tailor strategies specific to the individual's metabolic needs, with a particular focus on deficiencies which can impair or delay the physical and cognitive development of children, namely, vitamin B12, vitamin D and folic acid, as well as oligo-elements such as iron, zinc, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and essential fatty acids such as omega-3. Identification of micronutrient deficiency in the first 1000 days of life and timely supplementation proves essential to prevent their long-term consequences.

Abstract Image

生命最初 1000 天的潜在微量营养素缺乏症:站在最弱者一边的儿科医生。
审查目的:本研究旨在探讨儿童在出生后最初 1000 天内按照特定饮食计划可能出现的微量营养素缺乏症以及是否需要补充营养素:生命最初 1000 天的最佳营养对儿童的终身发展具有积极影响。特定的宫内和围产期因素、病理状况和饮食限制可能是导致出生后 1000 天内微量营养素缺乏的潜在风险因素,而微量营养素缺乏可能会对全身造成负面影响。早产儿和低体重儿由于身体系统尚未发育成熟,本身就存在风险。患有囊性纤维化的儿童由于肠道吸收不良,很容易出现营养不良。在各种情况下,微量营养素缺乏的风险会增加,包括但不限于采用选择性饮食疗法的儿童(素食和纯素饮食以及受特定神经精神疾病影响的儿童)或采用特定饮食疗法的儿童(受食物过敏或特定代谢紊乱影响的儿童以及作为治疗方法一部分而限制饮食的儿童,如采用生酮饮食治疗癫痫的儿童)。鉴于这种情况,应调查这些类别儿童的微量营养素状况,以便根据个人的新陈代谢需求量身定制策略,尤其要关注可能损害或延迟儿童身体和认知发展的缺乏症,即维生素B12、维生素D和叶酸,以及铁、锌、钙、钠、镁和磷等寡元素和欧米伽-3等必需脂肪酸。事实证明,在婴儿出生后的头 1000 天发现微量营养素缺乏症并及时补充,对于预防其长期后果至关重要。
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来源期刊
Current Obesity Reports
Current Obesity Reports Medicine-General Medicine
CiteScore
16.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
25
期刊介绍: The main objective of Current Obesity Reports is to provide expert review articles on recent advancements in the interdisciplinary field of obesity research. Our aim is to offer clear, insightful, and balanced contributions that will benefit all individuals involved in the treatment and prevention of obesity, as well as related conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disorders, gynecological issues, cancer, mental health, respiratory complications, and rheumatological diseases. We strive to redefine the way knowledge is expressed and provide organized content for the benefit of our readership.
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