Current Obesity Reports最新文献

{"title":"Circadian Disruption and the Risk of Developing Obesity.","authors":"Hélène Duez, Bart Staels","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00610-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00610-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>This review summarizes recent evidence for a role of the clock in adipose tissue physiology and the impact of circadian desynchrony on the development of obesity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Circadian disruptions due to shift work, late time eating and nighttime light exposure are associated with obesity and its metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. Studies in mice harboring tissue-specific gain/loss of function mutations in clock genes revealed that the circadian clock acts on multiple pathways to control adipogenesis, lipogenesis/lipolysis and thermogenesis. Time-restricted eating (TRE), aligning feeding with the active period to restore clock function, represents a promising strategy to curb obesity. While TRE has shown clear benefits, especially in participants at higher cardiometabolic risk, current studies are limited in size and duration. Larger, well-controlled studies are warranted to conclusively assess the effects of TRE in relation to the metabolic status and gender. Field studies in shift-workers, comparing permanent night shift versus rotating shifts, are also necessary to identify the optimal time window for TRE.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Many Facets of PPAR-γ Agonism in Obesity and Associated Comorbidities: Benefits, Risks, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Dimitris Kounatidis, Natalia G Vallianou, Eleni Rebelos, Marina Kouveletsou, Paraskevi Kontrafouri, Ioanna Eleftheriadou, Evanthia Diakoumopoulou, Irene Karampela, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Maria Dalamaga","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00612-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00612-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Obesity is strongly associated with cardiometabolic disorders and certain malignancies, emphasizing the key role of adipose tissue in human health. While incretin mimetics have shown effectiveness in glycemic control and weight loss, a holistic strategy for combating obesity and associated comorbidities remains elusive. This review explores peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonism as a potential therapeutic approach, highlighting its benefits, addressing its limitations, and outlining future directions for developing more effective treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Both natural and synthetic PPAR-γ agonists hold significant therapeutic potential as insulin sensitizers, while also demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties and playing a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism. However, the clinical use of natural agonists is limited by poor bioavailability, while synthetic agents like thiazolidinediones are associated with adverse effects, including fluid retention, weight gain, and bone loss. Current research is focused on developing modified, tissue-specific PPAR-γ agonists, as well as dual PPAR-α/PPAR-γ agonists, with improved safety profiles to mitigate these side effects. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems also hold promise for enhancing bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the transformative potential of machine learning and artificial intelligence offers opportunities to accelerate advancements in this field. PPAR-γ agonists exhibit significant potential in addressing metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. However, their clinical use is restricted by safety concerns and suboptimal pharmacokinetics. Innovations in modified PPAR-γ agonists, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, and computational tools hold promise for creating safer and more effective therapeutic options for obesity and its associated disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Novel Medications for Obesity on Weight Stigma and Societal Attitudes: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Berit L Heitmann","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00611-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00611-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This narrative review examines the potential implications of the expanded use of novel medications for obesity, particularly the GLP-1 receptor agonists, on weight stigma and societal attitudes towards pharmacologically induced weight loss. It analyses how these medications may potentially contribute to both reducing and exacerbating stigma and discusses strategies to reduce weight bias.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The introduction of GLP-1 receptor agonists has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing weight and lead to improved health outcomes for individuals living with obesity. However, while these medications may reduce stigma by framing obesity as a medical issue rather than a personal failure, disparities in access and use related to high costs may inflate existing biases against those who cannot afford treatment. Also, a few studies indicate that users of these medications may feel stigmatised for taking what is perceived as an \"easy way out\" to lose weight, mirroring historical attitudes towards bariatric surgery. The new medications for obesity may have the potential to reduce obesity stigma by reframing it as a medical condition rather than a moral failing. However, taking legal actions to build a more inclusive society including ensuring equitable access to these medications will be essential in mitigating stigma and help fostering a supportive environment for those living with obesity. Lessons from reducing stigma surrounding other medical conditions suggest that supportive health care and educational campaigns that promote the understanding of obesity as a complex health issue are needed to reshape negative perceptions towards individuals with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Restricted Eating: A Valuable Alternative to Calorie Restriction for Addressing Obesity?","authors":"Maria Eugenia Parrotta, Luca Colangeli, Valeria Scipione, Carolina Vitale, Paolo Sbraccia, Valeria Guglielmi","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00609-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00609-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In this review, we summarize the molecular effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) and its possible role in appetite regulation. We also discuss the potential clinical benefits of TRE in obesity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>TRE is an emerging dietary approach consisting in limiting food intake to a specific window of time each day. The rationale behind this strategy is to restore the circadian misalignment, commonly seen in obesity. Preclinical studies have shown that restricting food intake only during the active phase of the day can positively influence several cellular functions including senescence, mitochondrial activity, inflammation, autophagy and nutrients' sensing pathways. Furthermore, TRE may play a role by modulating appetite and satiety hormones, though further research is needed to clarify its exact mechanisms. Clinical trials involving patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes suggest that TRE can be effective for weight loss, but its broader effects on improving other clinical outcomes, such as cardiovascular risk factors, remain less certain. The epidemic proportions of obesity cause urgency to find dietary, pharmacological and surgical interventions that can be effective in the medium and long term. According to its molecular effects, TRE can be an interesting alternative to caloric restriction in the treatment of obesity, but the considerable variability across clinical trials regarding population, intervention, and follow-up duration makes it difficult to reach definitive conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11790783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutritional Screening Before and After Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Nele Steenackers, Lotte de Boer, Charlotte Dekempeneer, Ellen Deleus, Matthias Lannoo, Ann Mertens, Sofia Pazmino, Roman Vangoitsenhoven, Christophe Matthys, Bart Van der Schueren","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00606-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00606-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long-term data indicate that patients who underwent metabolic bariatric surgery have a higher risk of developing nutritional complications. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to monitor their nutritional status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and TRIP database to identify clinical practice guidelines for nutritional screening before and after metabolic bariatric surgery from learned societies. For full coverage, all websites of learned societies affiliated with the World Obesity Federation were searched. Clinical practice guidelines were eligible if they contained recommendations for nutritional screening before and after sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Content was screened by two reviewers for timing, biochemical markers and cut-off values, and biochemical assays for nutritional screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine eligible clinical practice guidelines co-authored by 26 learned societies were identified. All guidelines provided recommendations for both bariatric procedures except for one. Majority of guidelines endorsed nutritional screening before surgery and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, and annually thereafter. Pre- and postoperative screening recommendations were available for iron, vitamin B₁₂, folate, calcium and vitamin D, but in a lesser extent for vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K, zinc, vitamin B₁, copper and magnesium. Two clinical practice guidelines provided cut-off values for the diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The clinical practice guidelines exhibited a high level of consistency for timing of screening, but not for the applied biochemical markers. Going forward, the primary focus should be on harmonizing recommendations for biochemical markers, and cut-off values.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There a Need to Reassess Protein Intake Recommendations Following Metabolic Bariatric Surgery?","authors":"Tair Ben-Porat, Yair Lahav, Tamara R Cohen, Simon L Bacon, Assaf Buch, Violeta Moizé, Shiri Sherf-Dagan","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00607-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00607-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Protein intake is recognized as a key nutritional factor crucial for optimizing Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (MBS) outcomes by preventing protein malnutrition, preserving fat-free mass, and inducing satiety. This paper discusses the current evidence regarding protein intake and its impact on clinical outcomes following MBS.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There are considerable gaps in the understanding of protein requirements following MBS, as existing guidelines are based on limited and inconsistent reports. This highlights the urgent need for updated clinical practice recommendations grounded in high-quality evidence. Further investigation using robust methodologies is essential to address existing research gaps related to the individualization of protein requirements following MBS. Future research should consider factors such as the time elapsed since surgery, the form and quantity of protein consumed, and necessary adjustments for physical activity. Ultimately, in alignment with recent literature, a more specific and personalized dietary protein approach should be examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Bilio-Pancreatic Limb (BPL) Length in One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) Surgery.","authors":"G Balamurugan, Piriyah Sinclair, O Sesby-Banjoh, Mayuri Vinod, Yitka Graham, Kamal Mahawar","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00608-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00608-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) is a modification of Mason's loop bypass procedure, which has become a well-established procedure in the field of Bariatric and Metabolic surgery (BMS). However, the optimal length of Biliopancreatic Limb (BPL) in OAGB remains an ongoing debate.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to analyse the current trends and evidence regarding different BPL lengths in OAGB and their impact on outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search using search terms, 'One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass', 'Mini-Gastric Bypass', 'Biliopancreatic Limb', and 'Small bowel limb' was conducted. The articles were extracted and critically appraised for various outcomes including weight loss, comorbidities resolution, nutritional deficiencies, complications and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There appears to be a direct relationship between length of the BPL and the incidence of malnutrition. Longer BPL lengths (> 200 cm) are associated with a higher risk of malnutrition. Shorter BPL lengths (150-200 cm), particularly 150 cm, have shown promising outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Shorter BPL lengths offer potential advantages by reducing nutritional risks associated with OAGB. Further research with long-term follow-up is needed to investigate the efficacy of even shorter BPL lengths (< 150 cm).</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining Hyperphagia for Improved Diagnosis and Management of MC4R Pathway-Associated Disease: A Roundtable Summary.","authors":"Steven B Heymsfield, Karine Clément, Beatrice Dubern, Anthony P Goldstone, Andrea M Haqq, Peter Kühnen, Jesse Richards, Christian L Roth, Erica L T van den Akker, Martin Wabitsch, Jack A Yanovski","doi":"10.1007/s13679-024-00601-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-024-00601-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Hyperphagia is a condition associated with rare obesity-related diseases, presenting as a pathologic, insatiable hunger accompanied by abnormal food-seeking behaviors. In October 2023, a group of researchers and clinicians with expert knowledge on hyperphagia convened at the annual ObesityWeek meeting to discuss the need for a unified definition of hyperphagia and key items necessary to improve the identification, assessment, and treatment of hyperphagia in patients with melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) pathway-associated diseases.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The definition of hyperphagia proposed by this group is a pathologic, insatiable hunger accompanied by abnormal food-seeking behaviors. Suggested methods to accurately identify patients with hyperphagia include increased physician and parent/caregiver education and standardized efficient screening procedures for use in the clinic. The etiology of hyperphagia as related to abnormal MC4R signaling was also reviewed and proposed as a central cause of the condition across several underlying diseases. Given this potential unified underlying pathology, the expert group recommends that patients with hyperphagia undergo genetic testing and that treatment include comprehensive weight-management strategies incorporating lifestyle and pharmacotherapies targeted at addressing hyperphagia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hallmarks of Appetite: A Comprehensive Review of Hunger, Appetite, Satiation, and Satiety.","authors":"Mattia Garutti, Marianna Sirico, Claudia Noto, Lorenzo Foffano, Mark Hopkins, Fabio Puglisi","doi":"10.1007/s13679-024-00604-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-024-00604-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The present review describes the available literature on the physiologic mechanisms that modulate hunger, appetite, satiation, and satiety with a particular focus on well-established and emerging factors involved in the classic satiety cascade model.</p><p><strong>Recent finding: </strong>Obesity is a significant risk factor for numerous chronic conditions like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. As excess energy intake is considered by some to be the primary driver of weight gain, tremendous collective effort should be directed toward reducing excessive feeding at the individual and population levels. From this perspective, detailed understanding of physiologic mechanisms that control appetite, and in turn, the design of effective interventions to manage appetite, may represent key strategies in controlling the obesity epidemic. With the obesity's prevalence on the rise worldwide, research on hunger, appetite, satiation and satiety is more relevant than ever. This research aims to provide practical insights for medical practitioners, nutrition professionals, and the broader scientific community in the fight against this global health challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Weight Bias and Stigma Undermine Healthcare Access and Utilization.","authors":"Rebecca L Pearl, Miriam Sheynblyum","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00605-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00605-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To highlight recent evidence of the impact of weight bias and stigma on healthcare access and utilization.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Healthcare access for patients with obesity is limited by weight-discriminatory policies such as body mass index cutoffs and weight loss requirements. These policies are based on flawed justifications without demonstrated medical benefits. Healthcare providers continue to hold negative views of patients with obesity, but recent evidence does not suggest that providers' weight-stigmatizing attitudes affect obesity treatment referrals. With the rise of new anti-obesity medications, more research is needed to understand how weight stigma may or may not affect providers' prescribing behavior and patients' access to this form of treatment. Experienced, anticipated, and internalized weight stigma is associated with patients' avoidance of healthcare and reduced utilization. Weight bias and stigma limit healthcare access and utilization. Structural changes are needed to remove weight-discriminatory barriers to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}