Current Obesity Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Regulation of Energy Intake in Infancy: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Amanda K Crandall, Lucy Loch, Ashley N Gearhardt, Julie C Lumeng","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00653-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00653-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>To examine evidence for factors that program and impact regulation of energy intake in infancy.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Infants regulate energy intake within a narrow margin, and this capacity may degrade with age as volume-based regulation emerges. However, feeding frequency, milk/formula protein content and/or structure, portion size, and caregiver encouragement can interrupt this regulation. Emerging evidence also suggests that some infants exhibit signs of reward-driven eating, which may also affect energy intake. Despite emphasis on obesity prevention in infancy, few studies directly examine milk/formula, food, or energy intake and even fewer use experimental methods to assess causation. Existing experimental evidence suggests a limited and diminishing regulation of energy intake through infancy and beyond. More research is needed to understand individual differences between infants in regulation of energy intake and propensity for reward-driven eating.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight Stigma in the Metabolic Bariatric Surgery Context: Current State of the Literature, Conceptual Model, and Looking Forward.","authors":"Larissa A McGarrity, Hannah R Farnsworth","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00651-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00651-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>(1) Summarize the recent research literature on weight stigma in the metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) context, (2) Propose a conceptual model, (3) Discuss future directions for researchers and clinicians.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There has been an explosion of research on weight stigma since the joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity in 2020. The MBS literature has also expanded, with improvements in methodological rigor, international focus, and mixed-methods approaches. Our proposed conceptual model is derived from research and clinical experience on the patient impacts of weight stigma in the MBS context. Weight stigma should be conceptualized as affecting every stage of MBS, including the development and exacerbation of obesity, access to care, the peri-operative process, and long-term biopsychosocial health. Future directions include countering stigma through public health and systems-level messaging, strengths-focused approaches, bridging divides across fields, and adapting evidence-based paradigms to address stigma internalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hypothesis on the Historical Development of Obesity that is Not Only About Food.","authors":"Faidon Magkos","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00650-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00650-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Many physiological models have been put forth to explain the pathogenesis of obesity. All causes must eventually act by altering energy intake, energy expenditure, or the metabolic handling of ingested nutrients to favor storage over oxidation. These mechanisms culminate in two apparently competing models-the Energy Balance Model (EBM) and the Carbohydrate Insulin Model (CIM). In the EBM, eating more precedes increased adiposity, whereas in the CIM, increased adiposity precedes eating more.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Epidemiological observations on energy intake and obesity prevalence during the last 50 years have often become the source of controversy between models. Here, I present a hypothesis, which borrows key elements from the EBM and CIM, and offers a framework that traces the root cause of obesity outside of the modern food environment and aligns with historical, 100-year-long trends in metabolic rate, food intake, physical activity, and adiposity. Body weight has been steadily increasing throughout the previous century, in conjunction with reductions in resting metabolic rate. This, superimposed with varying changes in dietary energy intake and physical activity energy expenditure resulted in an accelerated rise in obesity prevalence after the 1970s. Obesity is a multifactorial disease and alterations in the underlying metabolic pathways that synergize to promote net fat deposition in the body have likely been operating for many decades, if not centuries, and involve both food-related and non-food-related factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Various Weight Loss Strategies in Alleviating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.","authors":"Shilong Yang, Xiaoyang Pan, Ran Yang, Yan Wang, Zhengjun Zhang, Guangrui Chen, Zecheng Li, Gongzheng Qiu, Leping Li, Changqing Jing, Feng Tian","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00649-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00649-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with its severity often exacerbated by obesity. The bidirectional relationship between PCOS and obesity contributes to a self-reinforcing and deleterious cycle. This review evaluates the effects of various weight loss interventions on reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic outcomes in overweight or obese women with PCOS. The objective is to provide evidence-based guidance for clinically relevant weight management strategies in this population.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Lifestyle modification is the first-line intervention for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has demonstrated potential in improving insulin resistance (IR) in affected women. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) may also improve hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and IR. The ketogenic diet (KD) has shown beneficial effects on both reproductive and metabolic outcomes. Among pharmacological therapies, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), particularly when combined with metformin, have exhibited notable efficacy in managing hyperandrogenism and menstrual disturbances. Bariatric surgery appears to be more effective than conventional pharmacologic treatments for PCOS; however, data on its mechanisms and direct comparisons with GLP-1RAs remain limited. Weight loss interventions exert differential effects on PCOS-related symptoms. Future studies should focus on optimizing combination strategies to enhance treatment efficacy. Currently, evidence on the impact of these interventions on pregnancy rates and long-term reproductive outcomes in overweight or obese women with PCOS is limited. In addition, the absence of systematic, head-to-head comparisons across different weight loss modalities underscores the need for well-designed comparative trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incretins and MASLD: at the Crossroads of Endocrine and Hepatic Disorders.","authors":"Marwin A Farrugia, Enzo Pini, Albert Tran, Nicolas Chevalier, Rodolphe Anty, Philippe Gual","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00646-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00646-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) pathogenesis, focusing on how incretin analogues might affect liver function and disease. It also summarizes the latest preclinical studies and clinical trials evaluating the impact of incretin analogues (single or multi-agonists) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Incretin analogues have recently been added to the therapeutic arsenal of diabetologists, and their therapeutic effects on insulin resistance and T2DM are now well established. These treatments have also demonstrated beneficial effects on cardiovascular complications. In addition, the weight loss associated with these molecules has recently extended their indication to the treatment of obesity. On the other hand, pharmacological treatments for MASLD are still very limited, and mainly target liver functions. As weight loss is the cornerstone of MASLD treatment, studies evaluating these analogues and combinations with other compounds are very promising. Incretin analogues appear to be effective treatments for MASH and fibrosis in a large number of clinical trials. Phase 3 studies are currently ongoing to confirm these results. Further treatments may emerge, such as double and triple receptor agonists. A multidisciplinary approach, involving diabetologists and hepatologists, is optimal for the management of MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Would Reducing Children's Exposure to Food Advertising Prevent Unhealthy Weight Gain?","authors":"E Boyland","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00648-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00648-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To provide and consider evidence for the role of food advertising in childhood obesity development and reflect on the efficacy of current policy interventions to restrict children's food advertising exposure.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Children are exposed to extensive advertising for unhealthy foods, particularly online. Visually appealing techniques and salient themes are employed by food marketers to capture children's attention and provoke engagement and emotionally driven responding. Food advertising exposure adversely affects children's food behaviors, and the relationship with obesity meets established criteria for causality. Theoretical models proposing likely pathways underpinning observed behavioral effects have gathered empirical support. Implemented restrictive food advertising policies have achieved reductions in exposure, persuasive power, and purchasing of unhealthy foods, though no country has yet implemented comprehensive regulations across all forms of food advertising and marketing. Actions to reduce children's food advertising exposure, and the persuasive power of that exposure, are an important part of an effective approach to preventing childhood weight gain and obesity and reducing health inequalities. Tackling digital food marketing is challenging but essential to public health efforts given its ubiquitous and influential presence in children's lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additional Effect of Exercise to Intermittent Fasting on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Overweight/obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Zi-Han Dai, Ke-Wen Wan, Po-San Wong, Wendy Yajun Huang, Angus Pak-Hung Yu, Stephen Heung-Sang Wong","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00645-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00645-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the additional effect of exercise to intermittent fasting (IF) on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight/obesity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search across five databases. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on outcomes including body composition and cardiometabolic health markers, to compare the effect of combining IF with exercise against IF alone. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach, while the quality of the included studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the TESTEX scale.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In total, twelve studies including 616 participants (Age: 40 ± 9 years; BMI: 33.6 ± 4.8 kg/m²; 87.3% female) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The combined intervention was more effective, leading to greater reductions in fat mass (-0.93 kg [95% CI: -1.69, -0.18]) and waist circumference (-2.51 cm [95% CI: -3.70, -1.32]) when compared to IF alone. Cardiometabolic health parameters also showed greater improvements, with decreased insulin (-3.1uIU/ml [95%CI: -4.25; -1.95]), HOMA-IR (-0.57 [95%CI: -0.83; -0.31]), LDL (-10.67 mg/dl [95%CI: -20; -1.35]), resting heart rate (-2.68 bpm [95%CI: -4.71; -0.64]), along with enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness (VO_{2 max}:1.92 ml/kg/min [95%CI: 0.32; 3.52]). For the remaining outcome variables, no statistically meaningful differences emerged between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The potential benefits of incorporating exercise into IF for adults with overweight/obesity, particularly in terms of body composition, glycemic control, and cardiorespiratory fitness, appear promising. Nevertheless, given the limited amount of data, future investigations are essential to strengthen the evidence base and investigate the influence of specific exercise and IF types in enhancing treatment outcomes. Registry and registry number for systematic reviews or meta-analyses: CRD42024550753.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Mobile Health Applications, Social Media, and Telemedicine Assist with Obesity Treatment?","authors":"Gretchen E Ames, Afton M Koball, Karen Grothe","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00647-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00647-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The current review aims to summarize the rapidly evolving literature on selected technology-based interventions for obesity in adults. Research on mobile health applications, social media-based interventions, and telemedicine are discussed. Recommendations for the application of the most promising technologies and combination treatments will be reviewed.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Connection with healthcare professionals to facilitate self-management skills and behavioral adherence is likely to be most effective. Mobile health applications are effective for engagement with self-monitoring behaviors and may result in limited weight loss in the short term. Social media-based interventions similarly show promise, although combating misinformation remains critical. Telemedicine videoconferencing is likely to be highly effective for patients who desire this modality of treatment delivery. Evidence-based behavioral weight management interventions that may be scaled via telehealth show promise. Shifting focus from the magnitude of weight loss to the impact of technology-based interventions on gains in health and mobility may serve patients well in the long-term.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling Obesity and Multiple Myeloma: Insights from Epidemiology and Molecular Mechanisms.","authors":"Linda Manna, Luca Gelsomino, Enrica Antonia Martino, Massimo Gentile, Sebastiano Andò, Daniela Bonofiglio, Cinzia Giordano, Stefania Catalano, Ines Barone","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00644-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00644-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The global incidence of obesity has risen dramatically in recent decades, with consequent detrimental health effects. Extensive studies have demonstrated that obesity significantly affects the risk, prognosis, and progression of various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). As an established modifiable risk factor for both MM and its precursor stages -monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM (SMM)- the association between obesity and disease onset has become a compelling area of research. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current epidemiological evidence linking obesity to MM, emphasizing its role in disease pathogenesis and patient outcomes. It also offers insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this deleterious association, and discusses therapeutic strategies targeting obesity-driven contributions to MM.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that obesity not only influences MM development but also alters its biological behavior, impacting myelomagenesis, and clinical outcomes. Biologically, multiple pathways exist through which adipose tissue may drive MM onset and progression. Obesity fosters a state of chronic inflammation, where dysfunctional adipocytes and fat-infiltrating immune cells release proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, adipokines, and fatty acids, contributing to the proliferation and expansion of MM. Additionally, communications between MM cells and adipocytes within the bone marrow are crucial in MM biology. Collectively, the discoveries described in this review underscore the necessity for broader preclinical and clinical investigations to better characterize the complex interplay between obesity and MM, and to determine whether lifestyle interventions can impact MM incidence and clinical outcomes, particularly in high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ioanna Filimidou, Myrsini Orfanidou, Antonis Goulas, Olga Giouleme, Stergios Α Polyzos","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00643-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00643-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is multifactorial. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) has been proposed to be associated with NAFLD, but data on its circulating levels in patients with NAFLD are to date conflicting.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The synthesis and comparison of data on circulating FGF-21 between patients with NAFLD and controls without NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus, complemented by hand-searching. Forty-four observational studies with overall 15,563 participants (9548 controls and 6015 NAFLD patients) were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Circulating FGF-21 was higher in patients with NAFLD compared to controls (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44, 0.77; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed higher FGF-21 levels in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to controls (SMD: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.35, 2.24; p = 0.007), but not between hepatic steatosis and controls, or hepatic steatosis and NASH. Furthermore, the findings were more robust in the subgroup of studies with NASH-related cirrhosis than those without them (p = 0.0004). Sensitivity analysis further supported the findings. Heterogeneity was high in all comparisons. Meta-regression analyses showed that FGF-21 SMD between NAFLD patients and controls was positively associated with the rate of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus per study, and this could explain 49.2% of the heterogeneity among studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Circulating FGF-21 levels were higher in NAFLD patients than controls, which may be possibly attributed to those with advanced disease (NASH and related cirrhosis).  Circulating fibroblast growth factor-21 levels were higher in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease compared to controls. This is primarily attributed to the higher levels observed in patients with advanced disease (steatohepatitis and related cirrhosis).</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}