Current Obesity Reports最新文献

{"title":"What is the Role of Primary Prevention of Obesity in an Age of Effective Pharmaceuticals?","authors":"María Gómez-Martín, Oliver J Canfell, Li Kheng Chai, Anna K Jansson, Robyn Littlewood, Clair Sullivan, Dawn Power, Erin D Clarke, Louisa Ells, Nienke De Vlieger, Tracy L Burrows, Clare E Collins","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00632-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00632-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To examine the evidence and continuing role of strategies for the primary prevention and treatment of obesity in the context of effective obesity pharmacotherapies, through a narrative review.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Global policies to improve nutritional labelling and reduce sugar-sweetened beverages consumption have been implemented worldwide (> 45 countries) with some success which varies by population and environment. Tailored behavioural interventions are effective and essential to reduce individual risk of progression from preclinical to clinical obesity. Pharmacotherapies are powerful treatment agents for clinical obesity but must consider nutritional and metabolic risks of use and discontinuation. The obesogenic environment continues to undermine individual agency to adopt healthier dietary and physical activity patterns. Population health informatics tools could inform tailored interventions based on real-time risk and contribute to obesity prevention and treatment. Efforts to rebalance investment towards obesity prevention must continue to improve population health and reduce healthcare burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interplay of UCP3 and PCSK1 Variants in Severe Obesity.","authors":"Ludovica Verde, Martina Galasso, Dawn K Coletta, Silvia Savastano, Lawrence J Mandarino, Annamaria Colao, Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00631-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00631-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. While polygenic obesity accounts for most common cases, rare monogenic variants contribute, particularly in severe, early-onset obesity. Among the lesser-studied candidates are UCP3 and PCSK1, genes involved in key metabolic pathways. RECENT FINDINGS: The UCP3 p.Val192Ile (c.574G > A) and PCSK1 p.Asn221Asp (c.661 A > G) variants have been independently associated with metabolic pathways, including fatty acid oxidation and hormone processing, as well as a modestly increased risk of obesity. Clinical and genetic characterization of two patients with severe early-onset obesity revealed the co-occurrence of these variants, which were associated with metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance. PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: This narrative review examined the functional and clinical significance of UCP3 and PCSK1 variants in severe obesity, presenting two case reports to illustrate their potential impact. Our findings support a potential model in which rare variants in distinct metabolic genes may interact synergistically to exacerbate disease severity. Further studies are needed to elucidate their combined functional effects and contributions to obesity pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Weight Matters: How Obesity Impacts Reproductive Health and Pregnancy-A Systematic Review.","authors":"Konstantina Barbouni, Vaidas Jotautis, Dimitra Metallinou, Athina Diamanti, Eirini Orovou, Alina Liepinaitienė, Petros Nikolaidis, Grigorios Karampas, Antigoni Sarantaki","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00629-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00629-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This systematic review evaluates the impact of obesity on both male and female reproductive health, assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes, and pregnancy-related complications, providing a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Obesity is a critical factor adversely affecting reproductive health, ART success rates, and pregnancy outcomes. Recent studies indicate hormonal disruptions, metabolic syndrome, and epigenetic modifications as central mechanisms linking obesity to infertility and adverse pregnancy results. A systematic search adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines included 35 studies, focusing on obesity-related reproductive outcomes. The review highlights that obesity disrupts hormonal balance, including reductions in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone levels, alongside increased insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. These mechanisms impair ovarian function, endometrial receptivity, and sperm quality, resulting in prolonged time-to-pregnancy (TTP), reduced ART success rates, and increased miscarriage risk. During pregnancy, maternal obesity elevates risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery while contributing to neonatal complications, such as macrosomia and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. The findings emphasize the dual impact of maternal and paternal obesity on offspring health, particularly through epigenetic modifications leading to intergenerational metabolic dysfunction. This review underscores the necessity of preconception weight management, individualized ART protocols, and tailored antenatal care to mitigate obesity's adverse effects on reproductive outcomes. Future research should focus on understanding male infertility mechanisms, optimizing ART interventions for individuals with obesity, and conducting longitudinal studies on the intergenerational impacts of obesity on reproductive health. This synthesis provides actionable insights to guide clinical practices and future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Weight Stigma Interventions: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Christy Wang, William D Murley, Sameeksha Panda, Caroline A Stiver, Cambria L Garell, Tannaz Moin, Amanda K Crandall, A Janet Tomiyama","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00628-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00628-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The primary goals of this pre-registered systematic review were to critically evaluate the existing randomized controlled trials targeting weight stigma/bias and identify promising avenues for future research.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Prior systematic reviews have highlighted intervention strategies such as shifting causal attributions of obesity, evoking empathy, deploying weight-inclusive approaches, increasing education, and combining these strategies. Here, we provide an updated systematic review of weight stigma interventions. A systematic search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and performed in PubMed/Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar until October 2024, yielding a final sample of 56 articles. In addition to previously established strategies, we identified several novel strategies, such as cognitive dissonance and connection building. Interventions can largely shift attitudinal outcomes, but future research should extend beyond attitude measures, assess weight bias over a longer term, and across more diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11997004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Link Between Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBPs) and Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).","authors":"Pervej Alom Barbhuiya, Ren Yoshitomi, Manash Pratim Pathak","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00626-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00626-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>This review aims to summarize the current scientific understanding on the complex interplay between sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) by critically examining a few significant molecular pathways. Additionally, the review explores the potential of both natural and synthetic SREBP inhibitors as promising therapeutic candidates for MASLD.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>SREBPs are central regulators of lipid homeostasis, with SREBP-1c primarily controlling fatty acid synthesis and SREBP-2 regulating cholesterol metabolism. Dysregulation of SREBP activity, often triggered by excessive caloric intake, insulin resistance, or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome and MASLD. SREBP-1c overexpression leads to increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL), hepatic lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance, while SREBP-2 modulates cholesterol metabolism via miRNA-33 and ABCA1 regulation leading to the pathogenesis of MASLD. The PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway plays a critical role in SREBP activation, linking nutrient availability to lipid synthesis. Synthetic SREBP inhibitors, such as fatostatin and 25-hydroxycholesterol, and natural compounds, including kaempferol and resveratrol, show promise in modulating SREBP activity in vivo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While targeting SREBP pathways presents a promising avenue for mitigating MASLD, further scientific investigation is imperative to identify and validate potential molecular targets. Although current studies on synthetic and natural SREBP inhibitors demonstrate encouraging results, rigorous pre-clinical and clinical research is warranted to translate these findings into effective MASLD treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poverty and Childhood Obesity: Current Evidence and Methodologies for Future Research.","authors":"Richard Liang, Ryunosuke Goto, Yusuke Okubo, David H Rehkopf, Kosuke Inoue","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00627-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00627-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the link between poverty and childhood obesity, and then describes conventional and modern epidemiologic methods for causal inference that may help provide more robust evidence on how poverty reduction can prevent childhood obesity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Household poverty has been consistently associated with increased risk of childhood obesity across observational studies in industrialized countries. Due to ethical and feasibility limitations, few randomized controlled trials directly test the effect of poverty reduction. A growing number of studies use quasi-experimental methods to study the effects of poverty reduction policies on childhood obesity. These methods include instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, interrupted time series analysis, and regression discontinuity. Other complementary methods such as causal mediation analysis allow us to elucidate the mechanisms of how poverty reduction affects childhood obesity outcomes, while examining heterogeneous treatment effects using cutting-edge machine learning algorithms may further identify subpopulations that benefit the most from poverty interventions. Despite the strong associations between poverty and childhood obesity observed in industrialized countries, current evidence about the causal effect of poverty reduction on childhood obesity is mixed. This is likely due to the complex etiology of childhood obesity and potentially unintended effects of policies. Future studies that leverage advances in causal inference with quasi-experimental approaches will help provide more robust evidence to help guide practitioners and policymakers in ongoing childhood obesity prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11985678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual and Triple Gut Peptide Agonists on the Horizon for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Data.","authors":"Ioanna Α Anastasiou, Georgia Argyrakopoulou, Maria Dalamaga, Alexander Kokkinos","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00623-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00623-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The development of long-acting incretin receptor agonists represents a significant advance in the fight against the concurrent epidemics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The aim of the present review is to examine the cellular processes underlying the actions of these new, highly significant classes of peptide receptor agonists. We further explore the potential actions of multi-agonist drugs as well as the mechanisms through which gut-brain communication can be used to achieve long-term weight loss without negative side effects.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Several unimolecular dual-receptor agonists have shown promising clinical efficacy studies when used alone or in conjunction with approved glucose-lowering medications. We also describe the development of incretin-based pharmacotherapy, starting with exendin- 4 and ending with the identification of multi-incretin hormone receptor agonists, which appear to be the next major step in the fight against T2DM and obesity. We discuss the multi-agonists currently in clinical trials and how each new generation of these drugs improves their effectiveness. Since most glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor: glucagon-like peptide- 1 receptor (GLP- 1) receptor: glucagon receptor triagonists compete in efficacy with bariatric surgery, the success of these agents in preclinical models and clinical trials suggests a bright future for multi-agonists in the treatment of metabolic diseases. To fully understand how these treatments affect body weight, further research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11985575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating Disorders in the Context of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Current Status and Future Directions.","authors":"Gail A Kerver, Matthew F Murray, Elizabeth N Dougherty","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00620-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00620-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Eating disorders (EDs) are a relatively uncommon yet salient concern for patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). This report aims to advance understanding of the complex relationship between EDs and MBS by highlighting recent empirical evidence and identifying areas for future research.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Little-to-no empirical evidence suggests that EDs be considered an absolute contraindication for MBS. However, a small subset of patients experience recurrent or emergent ED symptoms following surgery, invariably resulting in poorer postsurgical outcomes. Plausibly, a confluence of psychosocial and neurobiological mechanisms explains post-MBS ED symptoms. Accurate identification of MBS-related ED concerns is essential, with growing evidence suggesting structured postsurgical treatment may be optimal. Despite recent advances, more research on EDs in the context of MBS is needed, including rigorous mechanistic studies with long-term follow-up that clarify how predisposing factors interact to precipitate postsurgical ED symptoms. More work is also required to inform design and dissemination of targeted ED interventions for patients pursuing MBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cascade of Microbiota-Leaky Gut-Inflammation- Is it a Key Player in Metabolic Disorders?","authors":"Sidharth Mishra, Shalini Jain, Bryan Agadzi, Hariom Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00624-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00624-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review addresses critical gaps in knowledge and provides a literature overview of the molecular pathways connecting gut microbiota dysbiosis to increased intestinal permeability (commonly referred to as \"leaky gut\") and its contribution to metabolic disorders. Restoring a healthy gut microbiota holds significant potential for enhancing intestinal barrier function and metabolic health. These interventions offer promising therapeutic avenues for addressing leaky gut and its associated pathologies in metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), beneficial microbes such as those producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other key metabolites like taurine, spermidine, glutamine, and indole derivatives are reduced. Concurrently, microbes that degrade toxic metabolites such as ethanolamine also decline, while proinflammatory, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-enriched microbes increase. These microbial shifts place a higher burden on intestinal epithelial cells, which are in closest proximity to the gut lumen, inducing detrimental changes that compromise the structural and functional integrity of the intestinal barrier. Such changes include exacerbation of tight junction protein (TJP)s dysfunction, particularly through mechanisms such as destabilization of zona occludens (Zo)-1 mRNA or post-translational modifications. Emerging therapeutic strategies including ketogenic and Mediterranean diets, as well as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics have demonstrated efficacy in restoring beneficial microbial populations, enhancing TJP expression and function, supporting gut barrier integrity, reducing leaky gut and inflammation, and ultimately improving metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to the development of leaky gut and inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome. It also explores strategies for restoring gut microbiota balance and functionality by promoting beneficial microbes, increasing the production of beneficial metabolites, clearing toxic metabolites, and reducing the proportion of proinflammatory microbes. These approaches can alleviate the burden on intestinal epithelial cells, reduce leaky gut and inflammation, and improve metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peer Intervention in Obesity and Physical Activity: Effectiveness and Implementation.","authors":"Keith J Topping","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00625-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00625-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This paper reports the effectiveness of peer intervention in physical activity and obesity, with a focus on implementation. Peer intervention is a parallel method to traditional professional clinical processes, often targeting hard to reach populations. It includes peer education, peer counseling and peer support.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There were ten reviews on Physical Activity and seven on Obesity. Six reviews on obesity had mainly positive results; one on obesity in mental health was more negative. About two-thirds of reviews of Physical Activity interventions had positive outcomes. The overall effect was moderate. There were 39 single studies on Obesity and 46 on Physical Activity. 36% of Obesity studies and 13% of Physical Activity studies were from developing countries. Three single studies from developing countries and three from developed countries were elaborated. The extensively described implementation program was from a developed country. Discussion of limitations and strengths led to recommendations for implementation and evaluation. Overall, peer intervention in both obesity and physical activity showed quite strong evidence of effectiveness. Had all studies followed the implementation/evaluation recommendations, the strength of evidence might have been better. Future research should focus on cost-effectiveness and long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}