Weight Stigma in the Metabolic Bariatric Surgery Context: Current State of the Literature, Conceptual Model, and Looking Forward.

Abstract

Purpose of review: (1) Summarize the recent research literature on weight stigma in the metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) context, (2) Propose a conceptual model, (3) Discuss future directions for researchers and clinicians.

Recent findings: There has been an explosion of research on weight stigma since the joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity in 2020. The MBS literature has also expanded, with improvements in methodological rigor, international focus, and mixed-methods approaches. Our proposed conceptual model is derived from research and clinical experience on the patient impacts of weight stigma in the MBS context. Weight stigma should be conceptualized as affecting every stage of MBS, including the development and exacerbation of obesity, access to care, the peri-operative process, and long-term biopsychosocial health. Future directions include countering stigma through public health and systems-level messaging, strengths-focused approaches, bridging divides across fields, and adapting evidence-based paradigms to address stigma internalization.