Current Obesity Reports最新文献

{"title":"Normal Weight Obesity Overview and Update: A narrative review.","authors":"Antonino De Lorenzo, Paola Gualtieri, Giulia Frank, Roselisa Palma, Rossella Cianci, Leonardo Romano, Lucilla Ciancarella, Glauco Raffaelli, Laura Di Renzo","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00641-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00641-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review synthesizes current knowledge on Normal Weight Obesity (NWO), a condition characterized by excess body fat despite having a normal Body Mass Index (BMI). It highlights recent findings on diagnostic methods, pathophysiological mechanisms, and health implications associated with NWO.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Individuals with NWO have an increased risk of developing chronic inflammation, cardiometabolic disorders, insulin resistance, and sarcopenia. Genetic factors, including polymorphisms in IL-6, IL-1Ra, IL-15Ra, and MTHFR genes, play a significant role in determining susceptibility. Lifestyle behaviors, reduced physical activity and frequent intake of ultra-processed foods, further elevate metabolic risks. Advanced diagnostic techniques, particularly Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), are essential for accurate identification of NWO, as traditional BMI measurements fail to adequately detect this phenotype. Recognition and management of NWO require shifting from BMI-based classifications to detailed body composition analyses. Incorporating DXA into clinical practice is essential for accurately identifying individuals at metabolic risk. Further research should develop targeted strategies for preventing and treating this specific obesity phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Applications of Ketogenic Diets in Lipedema: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence.","authors":"Nevin Sanlier, Serra Baltacı","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00642-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00642-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Lipedema is an abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue, predominantly observed in women, characterised by symmetrical fat deposition and tactile sensitivity in the extremities, affecting both sides of the body. This condition can lead to significant pain, impairing daily activities and causing substantial discomfort.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While the etiology of the disease is not yet fully understood, genetic predisposition, hormonal fluctuations, a stressful lifestyle, as well as traumatic events are considered potential triggers. Lipedema remains a condition with low diagnostic awareness as well as is frequently misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema. While obesity is a risk factor for lipedema, the abnormal fat deposition characteristic of the disease can occur across a wide spectrum of body weights, from underweight to overweight individuals. Specific patterns of adipose tissue distribution may be associated with signs of inflammation as well as heightened pain perception, as well as individuals with eating disorders, such as anorexia, may additionally be affected. Ketogenic diets have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for lipedema. Characterized by low carbohydrate as well as high fat content, ketogenic diets facilitate metabolic improvements by reducing insulin resistance as well as supporting weight loss. Furthermore, they may mitigate tissue damage associated with lipedema by decreasing inflammation as well as oxidative stress levels.Nevertheless, current scientific data regarding the mechanisms of action as well as therapeutic efficacy of ketogenic diets are limited, necessitating further research to expand their clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bariatric Surgery and GLP-1/GIP Medications for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Amr Alnagar, Yashashwi Sinha, Adil N Ahmad, Awais Ahmed, Mohamed Saleem Noormohamed","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00640-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00640-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review evaluates the comparative efficacy of bariatric surgery and pharmacological interventions targeting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) receptors. Recent advancements, including the FDA approval of Tirzepatide (Zepbound) for OSA, are critically analysed alongside existing literature, offering insights into physiological mechanisms, long-term outcomes, and patient selection criteria.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>OSA is a chronic condition characterized by repetitive upper airway collapse during sleep, resulting in intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. With obesity being a primary risk factor, weight management has emerged as a key intervention in OSA treatment. Direct comparisons of bariatric surgery and GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists in treating OSA are limited due to a lack of randomised controlled trials. Observational studies suggest that bariatric surgery typically results in faster and more sustained weight loss, leading to better initial OSA improvement. In contrast, pharmacotherapy offers a non-invasive option for patients who cannot undergo surgery. Randomized trials comparing these treatment modalities are essential to refine treatment algorithms and enhance patient care. A multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach is crucial for ensuring long-term success and improving the quality of life for individuals with obesity-related OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Disparities in Obesity Treatment Outcomes, Access, and Utilization.","authors":"Kathryn M Ross, Kate E Worwag, Taylor N Swanson, Armaan Shetty, Kelsey L Barrett","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00639-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00639-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We aimed to summarize research on disparities in obesity treatment outcomes, access, and utilization.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We identified disparities in treatment effectiveness by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, and disability status. There were equivocal results regarding whether outcomes varied by socioeconomic status (SES) and there was no evidence for a rural/urban disparity. A different pattern emerged for treatment access/utilization; disparities were identified across all groups, including race/ethnicity, SES, rurality, sex/gender/sexual and gender minority (SGM) status, and disability status. Little is known regarding how multiple marginalized identities may interact in relation to treatment outcomes or access/utilization. Future research should adopt an intersectional framework to understand the complex interactions between an individual's identities and obesity treatment effectiveness, access, and utilization. Moreover, the field should look beyond the individual-level, using a multi-level approach to identify barriers and strategies to promoting access to effective treatment across system/organizational and policy levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): Navigating the Controversies in Disease Development and Progression.","authors":"Chrysi Koliaki, Maria Dalamaga, Konstantinos Kakounis, Stavros Liatis","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00637-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00637-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The natural course of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the population with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has not been adequately explored. In the present narrative review, we summarize the evidence regarding the association between MHO and MASLD prevalence, incidence and progression.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Cross-sectional, population-based, cohort studies have shown an increased prevalence of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in subjects with MHO compared with metabolically healthy non-obese individuals (MHNO). In large-scale longitudinal cohort studies among metabolically healthy subjects, increasing body mass index (BMI) has been found to be independently associated with an increased incidence of MASLD and progressive hepatic fibrosis over a mean follow-up period of 2.2-7.7 years. With regard to advanced MASLD, the prevalence of steatohepatitis and clinically significant liver fibrosis is lower in MHO compared with subjects with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). The presence of MASLD has been proposed as a strong risk factor for metabolic health deterioration in MHO. Furthermore, subjects with MHO and MASLD display an elevated 10-year cardiovascular risk and a three-fold increased risk of incident diabetes compared with MHO without MASLD. MASLD may also predict the failure to convert from MUO to MHO after a weight loss intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Different Nutritional Approaches on Body Composition in People Living with Obesity.","authors":"Martina Galasso, Ludovica Verde, Luigi Barrea, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Gema Frühbeck, Giovanna Muscogiuri","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00636-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00636-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This narrative review aimed to provide an overview of the current evidence on the impact of various nutritional strategies on body composition in people living with obesity (PLwO), with particular attention to fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat distribution.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Obesity is increasingly linked to cardiometabolic complications, yet common diagnostic metrics such as body mass index (BMI) do not capture changes in FM or FFM. Recent studies highlight the variable effects of different dietary interventions on body compartments. High-protein and ketogenic diets are associated with greater preservation of FFM and reductions in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), while the Mediterranean diet shows promise for long-term adherence and improvements in metabolic health. Intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating demonstrate efficacy in FM reduction but present mixed results regarding FFM retention and sustainability. Dietary strategies exert diverse effects on body composition in PLwO, underscoring the importance of tailoring interventions to individual metabolic profiles and health goals. Personalized nutrition approaches that prioritize the preservation of lean mass and reduction of VAT, along with sustainable adherence, are critical for optimizing obesity management beyond weight loss alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-Provided Meals and the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: A Small part of a Very Important Story.","authors":"Danielle Gallegos, Alexandra Manson, Helen Anna Vidgen, Rebecca Byrne, Brittany J Johnson","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00635-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00635-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To present the evidence base in support of high-income country investment in universal school-provided meals (SPMs) for the purposes of optimising child health and wellbeing, including obesity prevention.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Many countries provide some form of SPMs. Models (universal, free; targeted; subsidised) vary globally, however optimal growth and development of children as a potential outcome is a consistent feature. SPMs can positively impact diet quality, household food and nutrition security and potentially weight status but is dependent on the model. Universal school meals offered as part of whole-of-school approaches appear to be most effective in optimising children's growth and development. Critical elements for successful SPMs include being underpinned by enforceable nutrition and sustainability standards, offered in ways that are stigma-free, being embedded within a whole-school approach and conceptualising SPMS as part of transformative food systems. Weight status is only one of many potential outcomes of SPMs. Implementing universal SPMs is a triple duty action that can address the global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition and climate change. Attention needs to be paid to the model of implementation and key principles for success.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autolysosomal Dysfunction in Obesity-induced Metabolic Inflammation and Related Disorders.","authors":"Lenny Yi Tong Cheong, Eka Norfaishanty Saipuljumri, Gavin Wen Zhao Loi, Jialiu Zeng, Chih Hung Lo","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00638-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00638-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Obesity is a global health crisis affecting individuals across all age groups, significantly increasing the risk of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization reported in 2022 that 2.5 billion adults were overweight, with 890 million classified as obese, emphasizing the urgent need for effective interventions. A critical aspect of obesity's pathophysiology is meta-inflammation-a chronic, systemic low-grade inflammatory state driven by excess adipose tissue, which disrupts metabolic homeostasis. This review examines the role of autolysosomal dysfunction in obesity-related metabolic disorders, exploring its impact across multiple metabolic organs and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies that target autophagy and lysosomal function.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Emerging research highlights the importance of autophagy in maintaining cellular homeostasis and metabolic balance. Obesity-induced lysosomal dysfunction impairs the autophagic degradation process, contributing to the accumulation of damaged organelles and toxic aggregates, exacerbating insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and chronic inflammation. Studies have identified autophagic defects in key metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, and brain, linking autophagy dysregulation to the progression of metabolic diseases. Preclinical investigations suggest that pharmacological and nutritional interventions-such as AMPK activation, caloric restriction mimetics, and lysosomal-targeting compounds-can restore autophagic function and improve metabolic outcomes in obesity models. Autolysosomal dysfunction is a pivotal contributor to obesity-associated metabolic disorders , influencing systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Restoring autophagy and lysosomal function holds promise as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate obesity-driven pathologies. Future research should focus on translating these findings into clinical applications, optimizing targeted interventions to improve metabolic health and reduce obesity-associated complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Nutrition Therapy in Dermatological Diseases: A Joint Consensus Statement of the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), the Italian Society of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (SIDeMaST), the Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut), Club Ketodiets and Nutraceuticals \"KetoNut-SINut\" and the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Club Nutrition, Hormones and Metabolism.","authors":"Luigi Barrea, Ludovica Verde, Giuseppe Annunziata, Emiliano Antiga, Elisabetta Camajani, Massimiliano Caprio, Maria Grazia Carbonelli, Augusto Carducci, Edda Cava, Giorgia Di Marco, Davide Grassi, Stefania Guida, Barbara Martinelli, Angelo Valerio Marzano, Chiara Moltrasio, Massimiliano Petrelli, Francesca Prignano, Franco Rongioletti, Silvia Savastano, Barbara Paolini, Carmela Bagnato, Giuseppe Argenziano, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero, Annamaria Colao, Diego Ferone, Gianluca Aimaretti, Giovanna Muscogiuri","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00630-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-025-00630-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatological diseases such as acne, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), and psoriasis are driven by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Emerging evidence highlights the role of nutrition in modulating these conditions, particularly through dietary patterns rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, and unsaturated fatty acids. RECENT FINDINGS: The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has demonstrated potential benefits due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, while very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) has shown promise in rapidly improving disease severity. Specific nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and micronutrients, may further contribute to disease management. However, the current literature is limited by small-scale studies and the lack of standardized dietary guidelines. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This Consensus Statement, developed collaboratively by the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), the Italian Society of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (SIDeMaST), the Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut), Club Ketodiets and Nutraceuticals \"KetoNut-SINut\" and the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Club Nutrition, Hormones and Metabolism, aimed to establish an evidence-based framework for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) of the most common inflammatory skin diseases, including acne, HS and psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Obesity.","authors":"Leah M Schumacher, Nicole Miller, Emma L Jennings, Reena Chabria, Meghan L Butryn","doi":"10.1007/s13679-025-00634-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00634-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To describe the recent literature on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) interventions for individuals with obesity. The review begins with a brief overview of the ACT model, describes seminal work in this area, and examines more recent literature on the use of ACT to improve outcomes among individuals with obesity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Early trials established ACT's efficacy for weight loss among adults with obesity. More recent research has focused on testing efficacy among adolescents, measuring effects in \"real world\" settings, refining interventions to optimize outcomes and enhance scalability, and examining outcomes beyond weight (e.g., internalized weight stigma, eating regulation). Current data indicate that ACT-based interventions produce comparable, or, in some cases, superior weight loss compared to standard behavioral interventions. ACT has also shown promise for improving other outcomes of interest. ACT may improve a variety of obesity-related outcomes, although additional research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}