Normal Weight Obesity Overview and Update: A narrative review.

IF 11 2区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Current Obesity Reports Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI:10.1007/s13679-025-00641-z

Antonino De Lorenzo, Paola Gualtieri, Giulia Frank, Roselisa Palma, Rossella Cianci, Leonardo Romano, Lucilla Ciancarella, Glauco Raffaelli, Laura Di Renzo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review synthesizes current knowledge on Normal Weight Obesity (NWO), a condition characterized by excess body fat despite having a normal Body Mass Index (BMI). It highlights recent findings on diagnostic methods, pathophysiological mechanisms, and health implications associated with NWO.

Recent findings: Individuals with NWO have an increased risk of developing chronic inflammation, cardiometabolic disorders, insulin resistance, and sarcopenia. Genetic factors, including polymorphisms in IL-6, IL-1Ra, IL-15Ra, and MTHFR genes, play a significant role in determining susceptibility. Lifestyle behaviors, reduced physical activity and frequent intake of ultra-processed foods, further elevate metabolic risks. Advanced diagnostic techniques, particularly Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), are essential for accurate identification of NWO, as traditional BMI measurements fail to adequately detect this phenotype. Recognition and management of NWO require shifting from BMI-based classifications to detailed body composition analyses. Incorporating DXA into clinical practice is essential for accurately identifying individuals at metabolic risk. Further research should develop targeted strategies for preventing and treating this specific obesity phenotype.

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正常体重肥胖概述和更新：叙述性回顾。

综述目的：本综述综合了目前关于正常体重肥胖（NWO）的知识，NWO是一种以身体质量指数（BMI）正常但身体脂肪过多为特征的疾病。它强调了与NWO相关的诊断方法、病理生理机制和健康影响方面的最新发现。最近的研究发现：NWO患者发生慢性炎症、心脏代谢紊乱、胰岛素抵抗和肌肉减少症的风险增加。遗传因素，包括IL-6、IL-1Ra、IL-15Ra和MTHFR基因的多态性，在决定易感性方面发挥着重要作用。生活方式、体力活动减少和频繁摄入超加工食品，进一步增加了代谢风险。先进的诊断技术，特别是双能x线吸收仪（DXA），对于准确识别NWO至关重要，因为传统的BMI测量方法无法充分检测这种表型。NWO的识别和管理需要从基于bmi的分类转向详细的身体成分分析。将DXA纳入临床实践对于准确识别有代谢风险的个体至关重要。进一步的研究应该制定有针对性的策略来预防和治疗这种特定的肥胖表型。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Obesity Reports Medicine-General Medicine

CiteScore

16.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： The main objective of Current Obesity Reports is to provide expert review articles on recent advancements in the interdisciplinary field of obesity research. Our aim is to offer clear, insightful, and balanced contributions that will benefit all individuals involved in the treatment and prevention of obesity, as well as related conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disorders, gynecological issues, cancer, mental health, respiratory complications, and rheumatological diseases. We strive to redefine the way knowledge is expressed and provide organized content for the benefit of our readership.