The Impact of Different Nutritional Approaches on Body Composition in People Living with Obesity.

IF 9.5 2区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Current Obesity Reports Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI:10.1007/s13679-025-00636-w

Martina Galasso, Ludovica Verde, Luigi Barrea, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Gema Frühbeck, Giovanna Muscogiuri

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Abstract

Purpose of review: This narrative review aimed to provide an overview of the current evidence on the impact of various nutritional strategies on body composition in people living with obesity (PLwO), with particular attention to fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat distribution.

Recent findings: Obesity is increasingly linked to cardiometabolic complications, yet common diagnostic metrics such as body mass index (BMI) do not capture changes in FM or FFM. Recent studies highlight the variable effects of different dietary interventions on body compartments. High-protein and ketogenic diets are associated with greater preservation of FFM and reductions in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), while the Mediterranean diet shows promise for long-term adherence and improvements in metabolic health. Intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating demonstrate efficacy in FM reduction but present mixed results regarding FFM retention and sustainability. Dietary strategies exert diverse effects on body composition in PLwO, underscoring the importance of tailoring interventions to individual metabolic profiles and health goals. Personalized nutrition approaches that prioritize the preservation of lean mass and reduction of VAT, along with sustainable adherence, are critical for optimizing obesity management beyond weight loss alone.

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不同营养方式对肥胖人群身体成分的影响。

综述目的：本综述旨在概述目前关于各种营养策略对肥胖人群（PLwO）身体组成影响的证据，特别关注脂肪量（FM）、无脂量（FFM）和脂肪分布。最近的研究发现：肥胖与心脏代谢并发症的关系越来越密切，但常见的诊断指标，如体重指数（BMI）并不能捕捉到FM或FFM的变化。最近的研究强调了不同的饮食干预对身体隔间的不同影响。高蛋白和生酮饮食与FFM的保存和内脏脂肪组织（VAT）的减少有关，而地中海饮食显示出长期坚持和改善代谢健康的希望。间歇性禁食和限时进食证明了FM减少的有效性，但在FFM保留和可持续性方面的结果好坏参半。饮食策略对PLwO的身体组成有不同的影响，强调了针对个体代谢特征和健康目标定制干预措施的重要性。个性化的营养方法，优先考虑保持瘦质量和降低增值税，以及可持续的坚持，是优化肥胖管理的关键，而不仅仅是减肥。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Obesity Reports Medicine-General Medicine

CiteScore

16.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： The main objective of Current Obesity Reports is to provide expert review articles on recent advancements in the interdisciplinary field of obesity research. Our aim is to offer clear, insightful, and balanced contributions that will benefit all individuals involved in the treatment and prevention of obesity, as well as related conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disorders, gynecological issues, cancer, mental health, respiratory complications, and rheumatological diseases. We strive to redefine the way knowledge is expressed and provide organized content for the benefit of our readership.