Current Obesity Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Echocardiography in the Assessment of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Barbara Pala, Mariagrazia Piscione, Francesco Cribari, Serena De Mitri, Paola Gualtieri, Antonino De Lorenzo, Luigi Barrea, Marco Alfonso Perrone, Gianluca Iacobellis, Laura Di Renzo","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00734-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00734-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active visceral fat depot implicated in cardiometabolic and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Although cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac computed tomography (cCT) enable accurate volumetric quantification of EAT, their cost, limited availability, and-particularly for cCT-radiation exposure, restrict their use in preventive and longitudinal settings. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is widely accessible and radiation-free, but its validity as a surrogate of volumetric EAT assessment and its broader clinical role remain incompletely defined.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically synthesize disease-specific evidence linking TTE-derived EAT thickness with major CV phenotypes and to quantitatively assess its association with volumetric EAT measured by CMR or cCT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed and PubMed Central (January 2000-December 2025) identified adult studies evaluating associations between TTE-derived EAT thickness and coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation (AF), or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and correlations between TTE-derived EAT thickness and CMR- or cCT-derived EAT volume. Correlation coefficients were pooled using a random-effects model after Fisher's z-transformation. An exploratory meta-analysis assessed associations with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen disease-specific studies consistently demonstrated associations between increased TTE-derived EAT thickness and CAD severity, AF burden and recurrence, and adverse HFpEF phenotypes. Five validation studies were included; four comparing TTE with CMR were pooled, yielding a moderate-to-strong correlation (r = 0.77, 95% CI 0.65-0.93; p < 0.01; I² = 92.9%). Several studies reported associations between TTE- EAT thickness and cCT-derived EAT parameters. However, only one cCT study met our predefined criteria for inclusion in the quantitative validation analysis, whereas the remaining cCT studies were retained in the qualitative synthesis because of substantial methodological heterogeneity in cCT acquisition, segmentation approaches, and outcome definitions. Exploratory prognostic analysis suggested a directional association between increased TTE-derived EAT thickness and MACE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TTE-derived EAT thickness correlates with volumetric EAT and is consistently associated with major CV phenotypes. Standardization and prospective outcome-driven validation are required before routine clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Community-based Interventions to Promote Physical Activity or Reduce Sedentary Behavior among Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Madhur Verma, Madhu Gupta, Gursimer Jeet, Hans Bosma, Annemarie Koster","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00741-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00741-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Community-based interventions (CBIs) are widely used to address behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases, yet evidence of their effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited. This study systematically reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of CBIs promoting physical activity (PA) and/or reducing sedentary behavior (SB) among community-dwelling adults in LMICs. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (2000-2024) for CBIs in LMICs. Primary outcomes were changes in PA and/or SB. Descriptive and graphical depictions were used to draw inferences.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We selected 24 studies (11 RCTs) from 15,396 for review. Most studies (n = 16) reported significant improvements in PA outcomes. Changes were observed in Metabolic Equivalents (+ 100 - +2,700), moderate-to-vigorous PA (+ 7 to + 60 min/week), and steps/day (+ 3,000). Broadly, interventions were delivered using digital/technology format (n = 10), peer-led/community health worker-facilitated (n = 8), and Environmental restructuring (n = 6), with the digital interventions depicting the most consistent significant improvements. Two studies directly measured SB as a primary outcome. Short- (≤ 6 months; n = 11) and medium-duration (6-12 months; n = 4) interventions more frequently reported significant PA improvements than long-duration interventions (> 12 months; n = 9). PA/SB-focused CBI demonstrated proportions of significant effects similar to those of broader lifestyle interventions (88.9% and 53.3%, respectively). CBIs can be effective in improving PA in LMICs, although evidence is heterogeneous and SB is less addressed. Digital interventions show more consistent positive signals, but high heterogeneity in studies precludes firm conclusions. The impact of duration on effectiveness looks counterintuitive but underscores the need for more rigorous evaluation of longer-duration interventions and SB outcomes. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024579461.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Biological Sex on Metabolic and Adipokine Responses after Metabolic-Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Gonzalo Rivero, Amaia Rodríguez, Victoria Catalán, Beatriz Ramírez, Federico Carbone, Fabrizio Montecucco, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, Gema Frühbeck, Sara Becerril","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00740-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00740-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Obesity is a multifactorial, chronic, and relapsing non-communicable disease characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation and metabolic dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates that biological sex influences not only the development and distribution of adipose tissue but also responses to obesity treatments, including metabolic-bariatric surgery. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on sex-related differences in metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Bariatric surgery induces substantial weight loss and marked improvement of obesity-related complications in both men and women along sex-specific differences in body composition changes, adipose tissue remodeling, adipokine secretion, inflammatory responses, and thermogenic adaptations. Estrogen signaling contributes to a more favorable adipose tissue phenotype through anti-inflammatory effects, enhanced adipokine profiles, preservation of lean mass, and stimulation of white adipose tissue beiging, a process by which an inducible form of thermogenic adipocytes within white adipose tissue (beige adipocytes) acquire thermogenic characteristics similar to brown adipose tissue. In women, menopausal status represents a key biological modifier of these responses. In contrast, androgen excess is associated with visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Despite largely comparable rates of remission of major obesity-related complications between sexes, variances in adiposity, hormonal milieu, and postoperative metabolic outcomes suggest different underlying mechanisms. Although remission rates of obesity-related complications appear broadly comparable between sexes, the underlying metabolic and endocrine adaptations differ. Biological sex represents a determinant of post-bariatric metabolic remodeling. This review highlights the relevance of biological sex in obesity and its treatment, emphasizing the need for sex-stratified studies to elucidate underlying mechanisms and support the development of more precise, personalized strategies in obesity management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Saeed Ahmad, Hyun Hee Sul, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Matheus Souza, Maxim S Petrov","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00737-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00737-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Lifestyle modification is a well-established approach for improving metabolic health and reducing ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. The Melbourne Consensus has recently highlighted intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) as an important fat depot, playing a key role in the development of both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic diseases. Nevertheless, the existing literature on the impact of lifestyle modification on IPFD has not been systematically synthesized. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of lifestyle modification on IPFD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases to identify interventional studies evaluating the effects of lifestyle modification on IPFD measured by magnetic resonance-based techniques. Data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and publication bias was evaluated with Egger's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 23 studies were included. Lifestyle modification resulted in a significant reduction in IPFD (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.26, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.16; p<0.0001), with low heterogeneity (I²=12.9%). The pooled absolute reduction in MRI-measured IPFD was -1.02 % (95% CI -1.30 to -0.73; p<0.0001), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I²=0%). Subgroup analyses showed the largest numerical reduction in IPFD with combined diet-and-exercise interventions (SMD -0.41, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.02, I²=29.4%), followed by exercise alone (SMD -0.26, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.15, I²=0%) and diet alone (SMD -0.22, 95% CI -0.37 to -0.08, I²=27.9%). However, differences between intervention types were not statistically significant (p=0.40). There was no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.78).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lifestyle modification is an effective non-pharmacological approach for reducing IPFD, with combined diet-and-exercise interventions showing the largest numerical effect. These findings support the potential of structured lifestyle modification programs to reduce IPFD and may have implications for the prevention and management of pancreatic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Mental Health Interventions in Obesity Management: A Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations.","authors":"Gloria Marchesi, Giada Rapelli, Michelle Semonella, Alessia Bruzzese, Martina Molinaro, Gerhard Andersson, Gianluca Castelnuovo, Giada Pietrabissa","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00735-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00735-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a complex condition encompassing behavioral, psychological, and physiological factors, frequently associated with elevated mental health burden. Digital Mental Health Interventions (DMHIs) have emerged as promising tools to enhance accessibility, personalization, and scalability of psychological care in obesity management. However, evidence on their effectiveness across delivery modalities and outcomes remains fragmented.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of DMHIs on obesity-related clinical, behavioral, and psychological outcomes; examine whether specific delivery modalities are differentially associated with particular outcomes; and identify methodological gaps to guide future research and implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, applying rigorous inclusion criteria and independent screening by two reviewers. Quality appraisal was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0), and studies rated as high risk of bias were excluded. Due to heterogeneity in study design and outcomes, data were synthesized narratively, and no claims of statistical superiority between modalities were made.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-eight randomized controlled trials were included. DMHIs effectively targeted behavioral and psychological aspects of obesity when based on evidence-based psychotherapeutic frameworks - often independently of weight-related improvements. No single delivery format emerged as universally superior; rather, each modality appeared to serve distinct therapeutic purposes. Outcomes were more favorable in interventions that incorporated human guidance, although this finding should be interpreted cautiously because of heterogeneity and the absence of meta-analytic comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Digital mental health approaches-particularly when integrated into stepped-care or hybrid models-represent scalable, person-centered strategies to improve both physical and emotional well-being in adults with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13372837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Reward Learning and the Origins of Obesity: Food, Non-Food Reward, and Developing Self-Regulation.","authors":"Kai Ling Kong, Amanda K Crandell, Katelyn A Carr","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00736-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00736-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review examines infancy as a sensitive period for the development of reward learning and self-regulation and evaluates how early experiences with food and non-food rewards shape obesity risk. We sought to address three questions: how biological susceptibility influences early reward processing, how caregiving practices use food as a reward, and how non-food reinforcement modifies the relative reinforcing value of food (RRV_food) during early development.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent evidence indicates that obesity risk may depend less on absolute food motivation and more on the relative reinforcing value of food (RRV_food), a behavioral economic construct reflecting how motivated one is for food in the context of available non-food alternatives. Studies show that feeding to soothe, instrumental feeding, and restriction can strengthen food-based reward learning, particularly among biologically susceptible infants. Conversely, enriched environments, responsive parenting, and cognitively, socially, and physically engaging non-food activities support self-regulation and lower obesity risk, even in socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts. Early obesity risk reflects an imbalance in reinforcement rather than excessive food motivation alone. Shifting the balance toward non-food rewards represents a promising, strength-based direction for future mechanistic and intervention research.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Policies that Enable Minimally Processed Foods with Policies that Restrict Ultra-Processed Foods for Obesity and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention.","authors":"Jonathan Lara-Arevalo, Shu Wen Ng, Melissa L Jensen, Isabel Barbosa, Valentina Castagnari, Fernanda Mediano Stoltze, Elizabeth Orlan, Nadia Flexner, Lindsey Smith Taillie","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00724-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00724-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Historically, many food policies for obesity and noncommunicable disease prevention focus on reducing the demand for ultra-processed foods (UPFs). This narrative review examines why integrating policies that enable minimally processed foods (MPFs) with UPF restriction is critical for improving diets and health.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Despite progress from UPF-restrictive policies, MPF-related barriers like limited availability and accessibility, inadequate food preparation infrastructure, and limited time and cooking skills continue to undermine dietary quality. MPF-enabling measures like healthy food subsidies, public procurement standards, and communication campaigns can complement UPF-restrictive policies when implemented together, within or across policy domains. We describe how these policies intersect within food systems and how supportive legal and advocacy environments are key to amplify their collective impact. Enabling MPFs while restricting UPFs can produce mutually reinforcing effects on population diets. Rights-based legal frameworks and sustained advocacy are cornerstones for ensuring accountability, equity, and durability of these integrated approaches. Research should evaluate combined policy packages, examine equity implications, and inform the design of effective MPF-enabling and UPF-restrictive policies across food systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Sector Policies for Achieving Equitable Obesity Prevention and Food Security: A Review of Real-World Actions.","authors":"Christina Zorbas, Sally Schultz, Shu Wen Ng, Erica Reeve, Ayuba Issaka, Chioma Anidi, Kathryn Backholer","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00738-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00738-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This narrative review examines how government sectors beyond health contribute to the dual goals of equitable obesity prevention and food security through structural, cross‑sector policies. It aimed to synthesise real‑world evidence on the design, implementation and diet‑related impacts of policies across social, education, economic, trade and agricultural, and legal domains.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Emerging insights highlight the need for further evaluation of how income supports contribute to diet-related health; the expansion of school meal programs given their multiple co-benefits; the feasibility and impacts of adopting health-promoting taxes that generate public revenue for equity-focused initiatives; how agricultural supports can be repurposed to improve local and equitable food access; and the use of legal instruments to hold food industries accountable and advance public health interests. Coordinated, equitable progress on obesity prevention and food security will require enhanced policy coherence, effective accountability mechanisms, better data on diet and equity outcomes for cross-sector policies, and political commitment to overcome siloed and often unbalanced decision-making processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13350115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Determinants of the Weight Cycle: A Review of Perceived Stress and Self-Efficacy.","authors":"Elif Dadak Yildirim, İlknur Gökçe Yıldırım","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00739-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00739-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Long-term weight maintenance remains a significant challenge in obesity management. Weight cycling, a common phenomenon in this process, is characterised not only by repeated weight loss and regain but also by an increased metabolic and psychological burden. Previous research has shown that perceived stress and self-efficacy may play a role in processes related to weight cycling, such as adherence to dietary patterns, behavioural regulation and long-term weight management. Therefore, this review aims to examine the potential roles of perceived stress and self-efficacy in the context of weight cycling, focusing particularly on their effects on eating behaviours and weight maintenance.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Current evidence indicates that stress is associated with emotional eating and irregular dietary patterns, whereas self-efficacy plays a key role in the maintenance of health-related behaviors. These relationships may operate bidirectionally with weight cycling. Elevated stress levels and low self-efficacy may hinder the regulation of eating behaviors, thereby contributing to weight gain and repeated dieting attempts. Conversely, recurrent weight loss and regain may increase psychological vulnerability, intensify stress responses, and further diminish self-efficacy. Weight cycling may be conceptualized as a dynamic process sustained by the reciprocal interaction between stress and self-efficacy. Accordingly, obesity management strategies should move beyond a sole focus on weight loss and incorporate psychological dimensions. Such an approach may enhance long-term weight maintenance and help disrupt the cycle of weight regain.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Aging Affect Diet-Induced Thermogenesis? Revisiting the Evidence from Human Studies.","authors":"Katherine Gonzalez, Maria Dalamaga, Ligang Hu, Faidon Magkos","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00730-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00730-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>As life expectancy increases and the proportion of older adults grows worldwide, understanding how aging influences components of energy metabolism has become increasingly relevant. Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)-the increase in metabolic rate following food intake-accounts for approximately 10% of total daily energy expenditure. Aging has been proposed to attenuate DIT, potentially contributing to age-related reductions in energy expenditure and other metabolic changes. Here, we review available evidence from human studies on the effect of aging on DIT and explore potential methodological and physiological factors that may explain discrepancies across studies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Fourteen studies comparing younger and older adults were included. Six reported significantly lower DIT in older individuals, whereas eight found no age-related differences. One of the most consistent patterns identified across studies was the influence of postprandial measurement duration on study outcomes. Studies reporting lower DIT in older adults assessed postprandial energy expenditure over shorter durations (≤ 240 min), while those employing longer measurement protocols found no differences. Variations in body composition, particularly a lower fat-free mass in older adults, were frequently observed but did not consistently explain the reported age effects. Mechanistic factors including sympathetic nervous system activity, gastric emptying, and macronutrient composition of the test meals have been investigated, yet available evidence does not support a consistent role for these factors in mediating age-related differences in DIT. Whether aging independently alters DIT in humans remains uncertain. The findings of this narrative review suggest that methodological factors, particularly the duration of measurement, may influence the detection of age-related differences in DIT. Future studies using adequately powered designs, standardized meal protocols, and matching or adjusting for body composition are required to clarify whether aging per se alters postprandial thermogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}