Current Obesity Reports最新文献

{"title":"Lipid Metabolic Disorders: a Pivotal Driver in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis.","authors":"Junqi Wu, Huabin Wang, Miao Fu, Meili Zhang, Guigfang Zhao, Beiwei Yu","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00732-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00732-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to synthesize recent evidence to clarify the causal and mechanistic roles of lipid metabolism disorders as core drivers of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to summarize emerging therapeutic advances targeting key nodes within pathophysiological cascade, thereby providing an integrated, translational framework for the precision management of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Normoglycemic obese individuals with insulin resistance (IR) frequently exhibit elevated plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alongside reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). These observations indicate that dyslipidemia is not merely a comorbidity but an important early driver of T2DM progression. Lipid metabolism disorders initiate a unifying pathological cascade: ectopic lipid spillover induces systemic IR in the liver and skeletal muscle; lipotoxic stress directly compromises pancreatic β-cell function; and progressive disruption of inter-organ axes, including the gut-adipose-liver axis and brain-periphery axis, further exacerbates systemic metabolic deterioration. Recent evidence supports emerging therapeutic strategies, including traditional medicine-based approaches and interventions targeting lipotoxicity and the gut-brain-liver-fat axis to restore metabolic health. Lipid metabolism disorders are not merely complications of T2DM, but critical drivers of disease progression. Adipose dysfunction acts as the initiating event, triggering a pathological cascade that induces systemic IR, impairs pancreatic β-cell function via lipotoxic intermediates, and disrupts inter-organ communication networks. Targeted interventions along this axis therefore represent a promising strategy for precision therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose Tissue Plasticity and Adipogenesis: From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets in Obesity.","authors":"Sílvia Rocha, Carina Proença, Félix Carvalho, Eduarda Fernandes","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00733-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00733-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review provides an overview of adipose tissue plasticity and adipogenesis as central processes regulating adipose tissue expansion, remodeling, and metabolic function in health and obesity, highlighting their relevance as potential therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Adipogenesis is a tightly regulated process involving the differentiation of adipose progenitor cells into mature adipocytes through coordinated transcriptional cascades, primarily driven by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family members. This process is further modulated by multiple signaling pathways, including wingless-related integration site (Wnt), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and insulin signaling, which collectively regulate adipocyte differentiation and metabolic function. Under physiological conditions, the adipose tissue exhibits remarkable plasticity, with adipogenesis supporting lipid buffering capacity and tissue renewal. In obesity, however, chronic nutrient excess and hormonal dysregulation impair this process, favoring adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, and chronic inflammation. These alterations disrupt adipokine secretion and promote ectopic lipid deposition, thereby contributing to metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease. Adipose tissue plasticity and adipogenesis are critical determinants of metabolic health. Dysregulation of these processes underlies adipose tissue dysfunction and contributes to the development of obesity-related comorbidities. Targeting adipogenesis and promoting healthy adipose tissue remodeling represent promising strategies for restoring metabolic homeostasis and mitigating obesity-associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13294325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148307401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Single Anthropometric Measures: Integrating Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index to Stratify Obesity-Related Health Risk.","authors":"Robert Ross, Ian Janssen, Jean-Pierre Després","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00725-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00725-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Waist circumference (WC) in combination with body mass index (BMI) provides unique opportunities to capture the heterogeneous nature of obesity and identify phenotypes that convey the greatest health risk. This review summarizes evidence supporting global recognition that WC and BMI should be routinely documented in health care. Differences in risk stratification when WC and BMI are used in categorical versus continuous models are examined, and strategies to increase routine measurement in clinical settings are discussed.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Leading authorities worldwide including the Lancet Obesity Commission and the European Association for the Study of Obesity recognize obesity as a heterogeneous condition requiring combined interpretation of WC and BMI to identify distinct phenotypes. Obesity-related risk differs substantially depending on whether WC and BMI are treated as categorical or continuous measures. Current risk stratification systems rely on categorical approaches that have clinically relevant limitations, including loss of risk resolution from applying a single WC cut-point across BMI categories. Evidence further shows that associations between WC and adverse outcomes strengthen after adjustment for BMI, and that when WC and BMI are modeled simultaneously as continuous variables, WC consistently emerges as a stronger predictor of health outcomes, while associations with BMI are attenuated or reversed. WC and BMI combined are simple tools that facilitate the identification of obesity heterogeneity and phenotypes associated with elevated health risk. Risk estimates differ depending on whether WC and BMI are modeled as categorical or continuous variables, with implications for how obesity-related risk is assessed and interpreted in practice. Recommendations for their optimal combined use, including a proof-of-concept nomogram to support clinical interpretation, are provided. Despite guideline recommendations worldwide, BMI and WC remain infrequently documented in clinical practice. This implementation gap represents a missed, low-cost opportunity to improve public health messaging, risk stratification, and clinical management of obesity-related risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148301031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Distinct From the Adult Paradigm: Re-Evaluate the Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Framework in Children and Adolescent Hyperlipidaemia.","authors":"Yuan Xu, Hao Yang, Qianru Xu, Xiaomiao Yu, Siyu Dai, Xingwei Zhang, Weiyan Shen, Xudong Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00731-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-026-00731-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct From the Adult Paradigm: Re-Evaluate the Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Framework in Children and Adolescent Hyperlipidaemia.","authors":"Yuan Xu, Hao Yang, Qianru Xu, Xiaomiao Yu, Siyu Dai, Xingwei Zhang, Weiyan Shen, Xudong Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00727-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00727-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to summarize current advances in children and adolescent hyperlipidemia, and re-evaluate the unique epidemiology, genetic and environmental causes, and pathophysiological mechanisms of the condition.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Although lipid-lowering drugs have significantly reduced the burden associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in adults, the metabolic cardiovascular risks among children and adolescents continue to increase, indicating an underestimated gap in our understanding of childhood hyperlipidemia, in particular the characteristics of the developmental pathway in the early stages of life. We summarized recent evidence that incorporates intrauterine metabolic imprinting, metabolically healthy obesity, and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors as interdependent causes of dyslipidemia in pediatric age.  Hyperlipidemia in pediatric age is not simply an early onset of adult diseases, but a distinctive entity shaped by developmental programming, dynamic hormonal changes, intestinal microbiota interaction, and the unique social environment. We call for a re-evaluation to the framework for the lipid management in children and adolescents, including the screening measures, mechanism research, and intervention strategies more centered on the developmental origin and the plasticity in the early stages of life. The limitations of the current research and possible directions are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ghrelin-LEAP2 System in Obesity and Diabetes: Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Potential.","authors":"Isabela Valdés-Calero, Gema Frühbeck, Amaia Rodríguez","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00728-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00728-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purposeof review: </strong>Ghrelin is a gut-derived acylated hormone that regulates appetite, food reward-related behaviours, glycaemic control, and lipid metabolism. These actions are primarily mediated through activation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), which is highly expressed in the brain and also present in key metabolic organs. Ghrelin acylation by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is required for receptor binding and biological activity. This review examines the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ghrelin and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), with particular emphasis on its relevance to obesity and type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>LEAP2 has recently been identified as an endogenous antagonist and inverse agonist of GHSR that counteracts ghrelin signalling. Emerging evidence indicates that obesity and type 2 diabetes are generally associated with reduced circulating ghrelin levels and increased LEAP2 concentrations, particularly in the presence of insulin resistance. These reciprocal changes support the concept that the ghrelin/LEAP2 ratio functions as a dynamic regulator of energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and appetite control, and may influence metabolic responses to nutritional status and weight loss. The ghrelin-LEAP2 system represents a key regulatory pathway in metabolic homeostasis and a promising therapeutic target for obesity and related metabolic disorders. Pharmacological strategies targeting this axis, including ghrelin antagonists, LEAP2 analogues, GOAT inhibitors, and GHSR inverse agonists, are under active investigation, although further studies are required to establish their long-term efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13260137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148223622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demystifying Nutritional Consequences of Pharmacological Weight Loss and Performance Enhancement-A Critical Narrative Review.","authors":"Richa Soni, Dweipayan Goswami, Adil Gani, Prakash M Halami, Komal Chauhan","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00729-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00729-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This critical narrative review examines the nonmedical or aesthetic repurposing of pharmacological agents to accelerate weight loss, suppress appetite, manipulate fluid balance, and alter body composition in glamour-, fitness-, and appearance-oriented settings. The review uses the term \"chemical diet\" as an interpretive framework for this pattern of use and proposes \"pharmacological malnutrition\" as a conceptual description of drug-associated nutritional vulnerability, rather than as an established clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Incretin-based therapies have substantial clinical value when prescribed for medically indicated obesity or metabolic disease under appropriate supervision. However, their aesthetic repurposing outside clinical governance may create nutritional and safety concerns, particularly when appetite suppression, gastrointestinal intolerance, restrictive eating, discontinuation-related weight regain, or compounded and counterfeit products are involved. Metformin is discussed mainly because of mechanistic plausibility, vitamin B12 relevance, and potential interaction with training adaptation, rather than because of strong evidence for widespread aesthetic misuse. Stimulants, β2-agonists, diuretics, thyroid hormones, anabolic-androgenic steroids, and selective androgen receptor modulators represent distinct risk categories, with hazards differing by evidence strength, severity, reversibility, and likelihood of interaction. The chemical diet is best understood as an interface between pharmacology, nutrition, and public health rather than simply as off-label drug use. Its highest risk forms involve nonmedical use, pharmacological stacking, restrictive intake, dehydration practices, and uncertain supply chains. Potential consequences include gastrointestinal intolerance, impaired dietary adequacy, lean mass loss, electrolyte instability, renal stress, arrhythmogenic risk, and exposure to falsified, counterfeit, or compounded products. Greater regulatory oversight, nutrition-focused monitoring, and careful distinction between supervised therapy and unsafe aesthetic repurposing are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148223653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining the Bariatric Journey: A Proposed Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Framework for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Inspired by Oncology.","authors":"Ke Song, Qian Zhang, Siyu Li, Qiang Du, Stephen Ka-Kei Ng, Yutong Chen, Yujie Pu, Jason Widjaja, HaiYang Chen, Yi Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00726-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00726-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention for severe obesity, yet challenges such as perioperative risks in super-obesity and long-term weight regain persist. This narrative review proposes a novel multimodal framework for integrating GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) into surgical pathways. Drawing a conceptual analogy from oncologic \"neoadjuvant\" and \"adjuvant\" treatment models, we explore how pharmacotherapy can optimize surgical safety and reinforce long-term metabolic control.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Emerging clinical data from prospective trials demonstrate that a short-term \"neoadjuvant\" course of GLP-1 receptor agonists can significantly enhance early weight loss and dyslipidemia remission without compromising perioperative safety. Conversely, retrospective analyses suggest that while preoperative weight loss is achievable, it requires careful management to mitigate potential early metabolic adaptation and prevent the \"ceiling effect\" on postoperative outcomes. Regarding postoperative care, recent meta-analyses confirm that adjuvant pharmacotherapy effectively addresses weight regain and sustains metabolic improvements in suboptimal responders, supporting the implementation of a structured perioperative management ladder. Obesity management is shifting from a procedure-centric approach toward a chronic, multimodal disease model. The neoadjuvant/adjuvant paradigm encourages clinicians to leverage pharmacologic tools to enhance surgical efficacy (\"downstaging\" risk) and prevent disease recurrence. While primarily hypothesis-generating, this framework provides a structured foundation-including a proposed perioperative management ladder-for future randomized controlled trials to establish integrated, multidisciplinary clinical standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148216793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Digital Tools on Lifestyle & Health-Related Outcomes Across the Full Continuum of the Maternal Journey: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Dimitra P Sigala, Priyanka Chaudhary, Theresa H Schroder, Zoë van der Heijden, Myriam C Afeiche, Amanda E Staiano, Maria F Vasiloglou","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00723-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00723-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal health is a global public health priority and a key determinant of generational and societal well-being. Healthy lifestyle behaviors from preconception through postpartum can be promoted by mobile applications, telehealth and chatbots, but evidence on their effectiveness remains limited despite their growing acceptance and use.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of digital tools targeting lifestyle and health-related outcomes across the maternal journey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL from January 2020 to May 2025. Eligible studies involved randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with digital components targeting nutrition, physical activity, sleep, smoking, and/or alcohol consumption among women during preconception, pregnancy, or up to six months postpartum. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool (PROSPERO: CRD420251075108).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one RCTs (n = 7,153 women) were included, conducted during preconception (n = 3), pregnancy (n = 20), and postpartum (n = 15). Across interventions, reminders (64.5%), self-monitoring (58.1%), and goal-setting (48.4%) were the most commonly used behavior change features. Digital interventions showed beneficial effects related to nutrition (e.g., improved dietary intake, micronutrient supplementation), physical activity, sleep quality, and insomnia during pregnancy. Among women with overweight/obesity who used digital tools, consistent reductions in gestational weight gain were observed. In contrast, preconception and postpartum interventions demonstrated only modest or inconsistent effects, particularly for anthropometrics and metabolic outcomes. Surprisingly, very few studies reported engagement or usage statistics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Digital health tools may improve lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy, but evidence for sustained preconception or postpartum benefits remains limited. The heterogeneity in study design and high risk of bias drive the need for long-term RCTs with standardized measures and engagement metrics to optimize digital strategies for maternal health promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148210496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Intervention for Obesity: Integrating Central Appetite Regulation and Peripheral Energy Expenditure.","authors":"Jiayan Xie, Yujing Yang, Wanting Chen, Lu Wang, Siying Weng, Qiang Lyu, Gang Cao","doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00722-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-026-00722-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Obesity stems from a chronic imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Current therapeutic strategies primarily focus on reducing caloric intake, yet their long-term efficacy is often limited by compensatory metabolic adaptations that lead to weight regain. This review outlines the neural mechanisms through which the central nervous system regulates appetite and the peripheral metabolic pathways that drive adipose thermogenesis. Furthermore, it examines how integrated approaches-spanning from approved to preclinical and clinical-stage investigational agents (e.g., dual- or multi-target agonists), microbiome-targeted interventions (e.g., probiotics), and exercise therapy-can synergistically overcome the limitations of single-pathway strategies. Ultimately, this review provides a theoretical foundation for designing next-generation, personalized, multimodal obesity management regimens.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Traditional weight-loss drugs primarily act by centrally suppressing appetite, reducing food intake through modulation of neural circuits in regions such as the hypothalamus. However, studies show that relying on appetite suppression often triggers compensatory metabolic adaptation, ultimately leading to weight regain. Current anti-obesity drug development is therefore shifting toward integrated central-peripheral dual mechanisms. GLP‑1/glucagon dual-receptor agonists and triple-receptor agonists (such as retatrutide) have exhibited unprecedented weight-loss efficacy in clinical trials. These novel agents overcome the limitations of single-target appetite suppression by synergistically integrating central anorexigenic signaling with peripherally mediated increases in energy expenditure, thereby achieving more potent and durable weight reduction. The sustainability of obesity treatment relies on a dual-pronged intervention strategy: suppressing appetite to reduce energy intake while actively promoting energy expenditure, thereby overcoming the metabolic adaptation and weight rebound associated with monotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}