Current Obesity Reports最新文献

{"title":"A Call to Reconceptualize Obesity Treatment in Service of Health Equity: Review of Evidence and Future Directions.","authors":"Sylvia Herbozo,&nbsp;Kristal Lyn Brown,&nbsp;Natasha L Burke,&nbsp;Jessica Gokee LaRose","doi":"10.1007/s13679-023-00493-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-023-00493-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Rates of obesity and associated comorbidities are higher among Black and Latino adults compared to white adults. We sought to provide an overview of both structural and individual factors contributing to obesity inequities and synthesize available evidence regarding treatment outcomes in Black and Latino adults, with an eye towards informing future directions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Obesity disparities are influenced by myriad systemic issues, yet the vast majority of interventions target individual-level factors only, and most behavioral treatments fail to target drivers beyond eating and physical activity. Extant treatments are not equally accessible, affordable, or effective among Black and Latino adults compared with white counterparts. Asset-based, culturally relevant interventions that target the root causes of obesity and address intersectional stress-designed in partnership with intended beneficiaries-are urgently needed. Treatment trials must improve enrollment of Black and Latino adults and report treatment outcomes by race and ethnicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9894524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9110743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Obesity: How Do They Change After Menopause?","authors":"Ludovica Verde,&nbsp;Luigi Barrea,&nbsp;Claudia Vetrani,&nbsp;Evelyn Frias-Toral,&nbsp;Sebastián Pablo Chapela,&nbsp;Ranil Jayawardena,&nbsp;Giulia de Alteriis,&nbsp;Annamaria Docimo,&nbsp;Silvia Savastano,&nbsp;Annamaria Colao,&nbsp;Giovanna Muscogiuri","doi":"10.1007/s13679-022-00479-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-022-00479-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review primarily provides an overview of the current evidence on chronotype (which reflects an individual's preference for the timing of sleeping, eating, and activity in a 24-h period) and sleep quality changes in obesity in postmenopausal women. It also explores possible nutritional strategies to manage these changes in this phase of a woman's life.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Menopause is a life stage frequently associated with sleep disturbances and changes in circadian rhythms. Sleep disturbances are one of the main symptoms of menopause and are caused by several factors such as hormonal changes, obesity, and melatonin reduction. In addition, the chronotype also changes following menopause. Nutritional strategies are essential because they could help manage menopausal sleep disturbances and circadian misalignment, particularly by tackling obesity and overweight. In the management of postmenopausal women, especially those experiencing obesity, careful assessment of sleep disturbances and chronotype and subsequent development of the most appropriate treatment, including nutritional management, should be part of the treatment routine.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9729134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10402395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binge Eating Before and After Bariatric Surgery.","authors":"Laura Aylward,&nbsp;Madeline Konsor,&nbsp;Stephanie Cox","doi":"10.1007/s13679-022-00486-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-022-00486-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose is to review the state of the literature of binge eating in the context of bariatric surgery including prevalence, conceptualization, assessment, course, and related sequela throughout the perioperative continuum, particularly highlighting new advancements and future directions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Accurate assessment of binge eating in bariatric samples is essential for optimization of patient outcomes. Binge eating is less prevalent after bariatric surgery; however, prevalence rates increase over time. Most studies do not find a relationship between pre-operative binge eating and suboptimal weight outcomes after surgery. Refinement in understanding and conceptualization of post-operative binge eating is needed; new conceptualizations have proposed such a definition. Emerging constructs relevant to binge eating for bariatric patients include food addiction and food insecurity. Despite the introduction of formal diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder, many uncertainties regarding the prevalence, course, and effects of binge eating currently exist; varied assessment methods continue to be a barrier to research on binge eating in bariatric surgery samples. Consensus on operational definitions for post-operative binge eating and best practices for assessment are areas for future consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10343020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence?","authors":"Giovanna Muscogiuri,&nbsp;Ludovica Verde,&nbsp;Cem Sulu,&nbsp;Niki Katsiki,&nbsp;Maria Hassapidou,&nbsp;Evelyn Frias-Toral,&nbsp;Gabriela Cucalón,&nbsp;Agnieszka Pazderska,&nbsp;Volkan Demirhan Yumuk,&nbsp;Annamaria Colao,&nbsp;Luigi Barrea","doi":"10.1007/s13679-022-00481-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-022-00481-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Obesity is a chronic disease, a major public health problem due to its association with non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Indeed, people with obesity are at increased risk for a variety of obesity-related disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and several cancers. Many popular diets with very different macronutrient composition, including the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been used, proposed, and studied for prevention and management of obesity. In particular, MD has been the subject of countless studies over the years and now boasts a large body of scientific literature. In this review, we aimed to update current knowledge by summarizing the most recent evidence on the effect of MD on obesity and obesity-related disorders.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The negative effects of obesity are partly reversed by substantial weight loss that can be achieved with MD, especially when low-calorie and in combination with adequate physical activity. In addition, the composition of MD has been correlated with an excellent effect on reducing dyslipidemia. It also positively modulates the gut microbiota and immune system, significantly decreasing inflammatory mediators, a common ground for many obesity-related disorders. People with obesity are at increased risk for a variety of medical disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, there is an inevitable need for measures to manage obesity and its related disorders. At this point, MD has been proposed as a valuable nutritional intervention. It is characterized by a high consumption of vegetables, fruit, nuts, cereals, whole grains, and extra virgin olive oil, as well as a moderate consumption of fish and poultry, and a limited intake of sweets, red meat, and dairy products. MD proves to be the healthiest dietary pattern available to tackle obesity and prevent several non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9729142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10334090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Methods and Equations for Body Composition Estimation in Adults: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nuria Marin-Jimenez, Carolina Cruz-Leon, David Sanchez-Oliva, José Jimenez-Iglesias, Israel Caraballo, Carmen Padilla-Moledo, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia, José Castro-Piñero","doi":"10.1007/s13679-022-00488-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-022-00488-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Overweight and obesity are associated to health prognosis. Therefore, body composition assessment is an important health outcome, especially in adult population. We analyzed the criterion-related validity of existing field-based methods and equations for body composition estimation in adults aged 19-64 years.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>One hundred studies met inclusion criteria. The field-based methods, waist circumference (WC), body adiposity index (BAI), and body mass index (BMI) are valid to indicate body adiposity. Likewise, several equations, including the classical Durnin/Womersley equation, Jackson/Pollock equation (males), and Jackson, Pollock, and Ward equation (females), are valid to estimate total body fat mass or body fat percentage. Anthropometric field methods can provide a simple, quick, and easy informative indicators of adiposity in adults. Classical equations, such as Durnin/Womersley equation, Jackson/Pollock equation, and Jackson, Pollock, and Ward equation, are still valid to estimate total body fat mass or body fat percentage in adult population. When choosing estimation equations, specific population characteristics, such as age, weight status, or race ethnicity, should be taken into account. (Trial Registration: Registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020194272)).</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9729144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10719420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating Obesity in Children and Adolescents with Special Healthcare Needs.","authors":"Meredith L Dreyer Gillette,&nbsp;Haley J Killian,&nbsp;Cristina Fernandez,&nbsp;Brooke R Sweeney","doi":"10.1007/s13679-022-00484-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-022-00484-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This paper aims to summarize the literature regarding treatment of obesity in children with special healthcare needs and provide examples of implementation based on the available scientific evidence and the clinical experience of the authors.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Due to the complexity of providing treatment for children with obesity and special healthcare needs, multidisciplinary teams are recommended to adapt care to meet the children's unique needs and ensure coordination of care across settings/caregivers. Medication management is often required to assist with the side effects of psychotropic medications. Children with special healthcare needs (SHCN) such as intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) should be considered for metabolic and bariatric surgery as they have similar outcomes to children without SHCN. Children with special healthcare needs can be successful in weight management treatment when they have access to comprehensive care including dietary, behavioral, pharmacological, and surgical interventions. Each child requires a tailored approach to ensure their special healthcare needs are addressed within the treatment plan.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10710133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Updated Review of Night Eating Syndrome: An Under-Represented Eating Disorder.","authors":"Megan E Lavery,&nbsp;Deirdra Frum-Vassallo","doi":"10.1007/s13679-022-00487-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-022-00487-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Night eating syndrome (NES) is an eating disorder that has historically been under-studied. The current review aims to summarize the most up-to-date research on NES to support better awareness.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Since NES was recently included as a formal diagnosis, research on the prevalence of NES is ever evolving. Current studies underscore the high comorbidity between NES and other eating disorders, with additional complexities for patient with comorbid eating disorders. Recent findings also support the association between NES and sleep correlates, a relationship that has remained during the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging research confirms correlates of distress in NES across cultures. There remain mixed findings between NES and BMI. There is also debate around whether age is a risk factor. Bariatric surgery research has focused on the re-emergence of NES post-operatively. Our understanding of the correlates of NES is increasing. However, research on the treatment for NES remains particularly under-studied and requires further attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9713091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10342889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Non-surgical Weight Management for Adults with Severe Obesity: What is Cost Effective and What are the Implications for the Design of Health Services?","authors":"Elisabet Jacobsen, Dwayne Boyers, Paul Manson, Alison Avenell","doi":"10.1007/s13679-022-00483-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-022-00483-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m²) increases premature mortality and reduces quality-of-life. Obesity-related disease (ORD) places substantial burden on health systems. This review summarises the cost-effectiveness evidence for non-surgical weight management programmes (WMPs) for adults with severe obesity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Whilst evidence shows bariatric surgery is often cost-effective, there is no clear consensus on the cost-effectiveness of non-surgical WMPs. Thirty-two studies were included. Most were short-term evaluations that did not capture the long-term costs and consequences of ORD. Decision models often included only a subset of relevant ORDs, and made varying assumptions about the rate of weight regain over time. A lack of sensitivity analyses limited interpretation of results. Heterogeneity in the definition of WMPs and usual care prevents formal evidence synthesis. We were unable to establish the most cost-effective WMPs. Addressing these limitations may help future studies provide more robust cost-effectiveness evidence for decision makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9729129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10793830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Nutrition Therapy and Other Approaches to Management of Post-bariatric Hypoglycemia: A Team-Based Approach.","authors":"Nicole Patience,&nbsp;Amanda Sheehan,&nbsp;Cameron Cummings,&nbsp;Mary Elizabeth Patti","doi":"10.1007/s13679-022-00482-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-022-00482-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This manuscript provides a review of post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) with a special focus on the role of the registered dietitian-nutritionist (RDN) and medical nutrition therapy (MNT) recommendations as foundational for management.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>As the number of bariatric surgeries rises yearly, with 256,000 performed in 2019, PBH is an increasingly encountered late complication. Following Roux-en-Y (RYGB) or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), about 1/3 of patients report symptoms suggestive of at least mild postprandial hypoglycemia, with severe and/or medically confirmed hypoglycemia in 1-10%. Anatomical alterations, changes in GLP1 and other intestinally derived hormones, excessive insulin response, reduced insulin clearance, impaired counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia, and other factors contribute to PBH. MNT is the cornerstone of multidisciplinary treatment, with utilization of personal continuous glucose monitoring to improve safety when possible. While many individuals require pharmacotherapy, there are no currently approved medications for PBH. Increasing awareness and identification of individuals at risk for or with PBH is critical given the potential impact on safety, nutrition, and quality of life. A team-based approach involving the individual, the RDN, and other clinicians is essential in providing ongoing assessment and individualization of MNT in the long-term management of PBH.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10333561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can We Deliver Person-Centred Obesity Care Across the Globe?","authors":"Louisa J Ells, Mark Ashton, Rui Li, Jennifer Logue, Claire Griffiths, Gabriel Torbahn, Jordan Marwood, James Stubbs, Ken Clare, Paul J Gately, Denise Campbell-Scherer","doi":"10.1007/s13679-022-00489-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13679-022-00489-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This article discusses what person-centred care is; why it is critically important in providing effective care of a chronic, complex disease like obesity; and what can be learnt from international best practice to inform global implementation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There are four key principles to providing person-centred obesity care: providing care that is coordinated, personalised, enabling and delivered with dignity, compassion and respect. The Canadian 5AsT framework provides a co-developed person-centred obesity care approach that addresses complexity and is being tested internationally. Embedding person-centred obesity care across the globe will require a complex system approach to provide a framework for healthcare system redesign, advances in people-driven discovery and advocacy for policy change. Additional training, tools and resources are required to support local implementation, delivery and evaluation. Delivering high-quality, effective person-centred care across the globe will be critical in addressing the current obesity epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":10846,"journal":{"name":"Current Obesity Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9589792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10335029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}